Electrodeposition of NiW alloys into deep recesses

Pulse electrodeposition has been investigated as a general technique for the electrodeposition of nickel-tungsten alloys in deep recesses for MEMS. Ni-W exhibits an induced codeposition mechanism, where the Ni reaction rate enhances the codeposition of W. Electrodeposition of this alloy has been achieved into recesses of 500 micron deep. The challenges that have been encountered are those related to gas evolving side reactions, local pH rises, diffusional limitations of the soluble species and long times required for filling the recesses. Electrodeposition on cylinder electrodes at different rotation rates was also carried out in order to obtain data on composition of the alloy and current efficiency of the process, for different baths considered. These studies were carried out to examine the suitability of the bath for microstructure development and to describe better how the codeposition processes is affected by mass transport

Efflorescence and leaching behaviour of fly ash-slag based alkali-activated materials

Over the past few decades, alkali-activated materials (AAMs) have shown the potential as alternative construction materials because of their high mechanical performance, low CO2 emissions, and the utilisation of industrial wastes as raw material such as fly ashn(FA). However, the curing conditions, reaction mechanisms, and durability or long-term performance of AAMs over ordinary Portland cement materials (OPC) are still under exploration. In addition, AAMs are required to exhibit adequate/superior durability to match OPCs. A wide range of precursor materials, different chemical compositions, lack of standard code of practices, complex reaction mechanisms, and variable experimental methodologies in the AAM field, have led to complexities in engineering and application and assessing durability. This body of work aims at understanding efflorescence, leaching properties and the mechanical properties of low, intermediate, and high-calcium-based AAMs. AAMs with different calcium contents in the FA precursor, with sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate were used as activators. Representative molecular models of geopolymer were developed and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on AAMs with alkaline solvents, aimed to understand the underlying atomistic interactions. The primary objective was to understand the FA-slag based AAMs phases deterioration under efflorescence and leaching exposure, with a detailed physical and chemical analysis of the process. The research conducted was multidisciplinary and broadly classified into three parts. The first part of the work was to understand the effect of mixed activators on phase deterioration of AAMs. The second part of the work was to understand the effect of FA-slag ratio and Na2O content on reaction products. Specifically focused to understand the changes in 27Al and 23Na environment before and after efflorescence exposure. The third part of the research work discusses the effect of FA-slag ratio and Na2O content on the reaction products under leaching exposure. The outcomes of this research have contributed to the knowledge of efflorescence and leaching behaviour of alkali-activated materials. The parametric formulations of precursors and activators discussed in this work can be optimised to develop stable AAMs under various conditions

Detection and tracking of moving object using modified background subtraction and Kalman filter

Moving object detection and tracking (MODT) is the major challenging issue in computer vision, which plays a vital role in many applications like robotics, surveillance, navigation systems, militaries, environmental monitoring etc. There are several existing techniques, which has been used to detect and track the moving object in Surveillance system. Therefore it is necessary to develop new algorithm or modified algorithm which is robust to work in both day and night time. In this paper, modified BGS technique is proposed. The video is first converted to number of frames, then these frame are applied to modified background subtraction technique with adaptive threshold which gives detected object. Kalman filter technique is used for tracking the detected object. The experimental results shows this proposed method can efficiently and correctly detect and track the moving objects with less processing time which is compared with existing techniques

Solvent-exposed tryptophans probe the dynamics at protein surfaces

The dynamics of single tryptophan (W) side chain of protease subtilisin Carlsberg (SC) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were used for probing the surface of these proteins. The W side chains are exposed to the solvent, as shown by the extent of quenching of their fluorescence by KI. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements showed that the rotational motion of W is completely unhindered in the case of SC and partially hindered in the case of MBP. The rotational correlation time (Φ) associated with the fast local motion of W did not scale linearly with the bulk solvent viscosity (η) in glycerol-water mixtures. In contrast, Φ values of either W side chains in the denatured proteins or the free W scaled almost linearly with η, as expected by the Stokes-Einstein relationship. These results were interpreted as indicating specific partitioning of water at the surface of the proteins in glycerol-water mixtures

Mechanical Stress Downregulates MHC Class I Expression on Human Cancer Cell Membrane

In our body, cells are continuously exposed to physical forces that can regulate different cell functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death. In this work, we employed two different strategies to mechanically stress cancer cells. The cancer and healthy cell populations were treated either with mechanical stress delivered by a micropump (fabricated by deep X-ray nanolithography) or by ultrasound wave stimuli. A specific down-regulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules expression on cancer cell membrane compared to different kinds of healthy cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic and lymphocyte cells) was observed, stimulating the cells with forces in the range of nano-newton, and pressures between 1 and 10 bar (1 bar = 100.000 Pascal), depending on the devices used. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy analysis, after mechanical treatment, in the range between 700-1800 cm(-1), indicated a relative concentration variation of MHC class I. PCA analysis was also performed to distinguish control and stressed cells within different cell lines. These mechanical induced phenotypic changes increase the tumor immunogenicity, as revealed by the related increased susceptibility to Natural Killer (NK) cells cytotoxic recognition

Noise and Vibration Reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors –A Review

A detailed study of the mechanics of vibration and acoustic noise in permanent magnet synchronous motors due to electromagnetic origins. This paper reviews the various noise and vibrations reduction strategies from classical to state of art techniques. The recent research in development of wavelet controller, starting from brief review and the analytical analysis of acoustic noise and vibrations in Permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented. Application of wavelet transforms in the area of denoising and filtering is also explored.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.32

EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE FORMULATED L2 BASED HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINE

Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) caused cervical cancer the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the most common cancer in developing countries like India. Though, currently type specific prophylactic vaccine have been developed, there is a need for cross protective virus neutralizing vaccine. In this study we have tried to show the multi-epitope vaccine and check the final Alum adjuvant formulated vaccine antibody titer.Methods: Our study was targeted to analyses the in vivo vaccine efficacy of the aluminum adjuvant formulated recombinant multi epitope antigen with two different grades of aluminum phosphate (pH 5.5 & 6.4). Neutralizing antibody titters against the major neutralizing epitope 17-36 aa region of the N-terminal domain.Results: The results of this study showed that the final aluminium adjuvant recombinant L2 based multi-epitope vaccine produced antibody against 17-36 peptide one of the proven major virus neutralizing epitope.Conclusion: L2 based multi-epitope recombinant antigen formulated with aluminium adjuvant can be an low cost, broadly protective HPV vaccine.Keywords: Human papilloma virus L2, Multi-epitope recombinant vaccine, Aluminum adjuvant.Â

A rare case of acquired hemophilia A in myelodysplastic syndrome

2018 clinical vignette posterhttps://digitalcommons.library.uab.edu/uabh-rd-all/1030/thumbnail.jp