On the existence of the true value of a probability. Part 2: The representation theorem and the ergodic theory

Some authors, basing their ideas on the exchangeability property, on the postulates of the representation theorem and on its interpretation in the ambit of ergodic theory, believed to find a counterexample to the subjectivist model through the theoretical justification of the existence of an objective probability. As a proof of the inconsistency of this reasoning, the representation theorem allows to assert that the convergence of the relative frequency on a “true value” of the probability is only a metaphysical illusion motivated by an asymptotic behaviour of the personal assessments of initial probabilities, leading to intersubjective assignment. With regard to the ergodic theory, its assimilation to the propensity model allows the demonstration of its metaphysical character and the resulting subjectivity in the assignment f probabilities.

On the existence of the true value of a probability. Part I: Determinism versus aleatorism

Objetivist models are based on the deterministic hypothesis that postulates the existence of probability, which is cognoscible only in an asymptotic manner. On the other hand, subjectivist models consider the aleatoristic hypothesis according to which there is no truth about probability. However, both hypotheses may only be compared through stochastic models, which are not strictly falsifiable. Therefore, neither the hypothesis stating the existence of a true value regarding the probability of occurrence of an event nor de Finetti´s postulate which sustains that “probability does not exist” are strictly verifiable.

On the existence of the true value of a probability. Part 1: Determinism versus aleatorism

Objetivist models are based on the deterministic hypothesis that postulates the existence of probability, which is cognoscible only in an asymptotic manner. On the other hand, subjectivist models consider the aleatoristic hypothesis according to which there is no truth about probability. However, both hypotheses may only be compared through stochastic models, which are not strictly falsifiable. Therefore, neither the hypothesis stating the existence of a true value regarding the probability of occurrence of an event nor de Finetti's postulate which sustains that probability does not exist are strictly verifiable

On the existence of the true value of a probability. Part 2: The representation theorem and the ergodic theory

Some authors, basing their ideas on the exchangeability property, on the postulates of the representation theorem and on its interpretation in the ambit of ergodic theory, believed to find a counterexample to the subjectivist model through the theoretical justification of the existence of an objective probability. As a proof of the inconsistency of this reasoning, the representation theorem allows to assert that the convergence of the relative frequency on a true value of the probability is only a metaphysical illusion motivated by an asymptotic behaviour of the personal assessments of initial probabilities, leading to intersubjective assignment. With regard to the ergodic theory, its assimilation to the propensity model allows the demonstration of its metaphysical character and the resulting subjectivity in the assignment of probabilities

Studio batimorfologico e sismostratigrafico di un settore sommerso tra Lipari e Salina

Il Canale di Lipari-Salina, nell'arcipelago eoliano, è un’area di raccolta di sedimento vulcanoclastico posta in posizione prossimale rispetto ai fianchi sommersi delle due isole. L’analisi di dati batimetrici multibeam e sismici ad alta risoluzione ha permesso di analizzarne le caratteristiche batimorfologiche e stratigrafiche e di fare alcune considerazioni sulla sua formazione

A toolkit for workspaces' participatory design : towards smart housing

LAUREA MAGISTRALEIl fenomeno dell’urbanizzazione è cresciuto modo esponenziale nell'ultimo secolo, e sta portando la popolazione a vivere principalmente nelle grandi città; in molti casi, queste ultime sono cresciute ad un ritmo conseguente, non controllate dalle autorità amministrative. L'attenzione si sta ora spostando verso una ricerca di qualità della vita urbana, attraverso politiche che mirano a promuovere pratiche di crescita sostenibile e circolare, dal punto di vista lavorativo e abitativo. Questa introduzione si pone come cornice dentro al quale si sviluppa questa tesi, che si propone di delineare un toolkit di progettazione partecipata per gestire gli spazi di lavoro, in un'ottica di interventi di smart housing, partendo da due diversi presupposti: la mancanza di alloggi a prezzi accessibili sta diventando un fenomeno sempre più critico, interessando in molti casi anche la classe media della popolazione. In secondo luogo, l'attuale ambiente di lavoro sta cambiando profondamente, soprattutto grazie ai miglioramenti tecnologici in grado di modificare aspetti intrinseci della nostra società, dal punto di vista non solo economico ma anche culturale: lo spazio privato sta infatti subendo molte trasformazioni, inglobando al suo interno varie funzioni, diventando talvolta esso stesso spazio di lavoro. Questo toolkit (dentro al quale il processo di progettazione gioca un ruolo di primaria importanza) si propone di inserirsi nel quadro del FIA2, fondo immobiliare promosso dall'istituto finanziario italiano Cassa Depositi e Prestiti; questo fondo rappresenta una grande opportunità non solo per poter contestualizzare in maniera concreta questo lavoro, ma anche per dare continuità alla grande ricerca metodologica espressa negli anni per lo sviluppo dei progetti abitativi finanziati dalla FIA, fondo estinto nel 2009. Il lavoro si ispira a un progetto di progettazione partecipata concepito per ridefinire gli spazi di lavoro della sede centrale di Telethon, importante organizzazione no profit, e realizzato durante un'esperienza lavorativa personale. Questo progetto verrà ampiamente analizzato, e infine incorporato con aspetti e caratteristiche dei modelli adottati per la progettazione degli interventi finanziati dalla FIA, progetti che saranno anch'essi presentati e analizzati. Questa tesi utilizza più fonti: verranno presentati casi studio recenti, nonché esempi di trasformazioni virtuose per dare nuova vita all'ambiente costruito circostante. Verrà inoltre presentato il punto di vista di un professionista del settore per validare ulteriormente il lavoro. Saranno inoltre esposte e analizzate caratteristiche di mostre, tra cui la Biennale di Venezia e New Urban Body, a Torino. Il risultato ricercato è quindi un kit di strumenti di progettazione che può essere utile non solo all'architetto progettista come utile strumento di supporto alla progettazione, ma anche ai futuri utenti che potranno costruire uno spazio di lavoro su misura, e infine al settore pubblico, interessato a una progressiva riduzione dei tempi di percorrenza da casa al posto di lavoro, e una conseguente diminuzione dell'inquinamento urbano.Urbanization is a development process that has increased exponentially over the last century, which is leading the world population to live mainly in the big cities; in many cases, these have grown at a consequent pace, however uncontrolled by the administrative authorities. The focus is now moving towards a search for the quality of urban life, through policies that aim to promote sustainable and circular growth practices, from the working and living point of view. This poses as the framework in which this thesis is developed, which aims to outline a participatory design toolkit to manage workspaces towards smart housing interventions , starting from two different assumptions: lack of affordable housing is becoming an increasingly critical phenomenon when looking at metropolis, in some cases also affecting the middle class of the population. Secondly, the current working environment is profoundly changing especially thanks to technological improvements modifying inherent aspects of our society from an economic and cultural point of view: the private space is in fact undergoing a lot of transformation, incorporating various functions within it, sometimes becoming workspace itself. This toolkit (where the design process plays a role of primary importance) aims to fit within the framework of the FIA2, a real estate fund promoted by the Italian financial institution Cassa Depositi e Prestiti; this fund is a great opportunity not only to give a strong and concrete baseline to the work, but also to give continuity to the great methodological research expressed over the years for the development of the housing projects financed by the FIA, fund ended in 2009. The work is inspired by a participatory design project conceived to redefine the workspaces of Telethon headquarters, a non-profit organization, and carried out during a personal job experience. This project will be thus extensively analyzed, and ultimately incorporated with aspects and characteristics of the models adopted for the design of the interventions financed by the FIA, projects that will be presented and analyzed as well. This thesis uses multiple sources: recent case studies will be presented, as well as examples of virtuous transformation to give new life to the surrounding built environment. The point of view of a professional in the sector will also be presented to further validate the work. Exhibitions will be also shown, including the Venice Biennale and New Urban Body, in Turin, along with architecturally and typically innovative buildings. The researched result is therefore a design toolkit that can be useful not only to the architect as a useful design support tool, but also to future users who will be able to conceive a custom-made workspace, and finally to the public sector, interested in a progressive reduction of commuting times from home to work and a consequent decrease in urban pollution

Deep seismic sounding in southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan

A CO-CRUST seismic refraction survey was done in July 1977 in southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan to determine the structure of the Churchill-Superior boundary. Data from two reversed refraction profiles, one north/south in the Superior Province and one east/west across the boundary of the Superior and Churchill Provinces were obtained. Preliminary interpretation of the data by Green et al. (1980) suggested that the crust beneath the north/south profile is similar to previously published crustal models for the Superior Province, while that of the east/west is typical of Churchillian crust of eastern Alberta and Saskatchewan. In this thesis, with the aid of such data processing and interpretation methods as bandpass and polarisation filtering. Herglotz inversion, ray tracing and WKBJ synthetic seismograph modelling, a detailed analysis and interpretation of the data was performed. The results indicate that for the north-south profile, the crust is divided into four laterally homogeneous layers, with velocity gradients both within and between layers. The crust under the east-west profile contains fault structures, layers of decreasing velocity and lateral velocity changes. From this study, the boundary is a region of finite lateral extent, marked by upper crustal discontinuities and lower crustal velocity changes