« L’édilité, moteur du changement social et culturel ? »

Le 22 octobre 2010, Juliette Aubrun, Jean-Charles Geslot et Caroline Varlet, avec le soutien du Centre d’histoire culturelle des sociétés contemporaines (université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines) et du Centre de recherche en histoire (EHESS), ont organisé une journée d’étude consacrée à « l’édilité, moteur du changement social et culturel ? ».Il s’agissait de s’interroger sur le rôle effectif joué par les édiles dans la modernisation de leurs communes, par le biais de leurs interve..

Spectral- and size-resolved mass absorption efficiency of mineral dust aerosols in the shortwave spectrum: a simulation chamber study

This paper presents new laboratory measurements of the mass absorption efficiency (MAE) between 375 and 850 nm for 12 individual samples of mineral dust from different source areas worldwide and in two size classes: PM10:6 (mass fraction of particles of aerodynamic diameter lower than 10.6 \u3bcm) and PM2:5 (mass fraction of particles of aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 \u3bcm). The experiments were performed in the CESAM simulation chamber using mineral dust generated from natural parent soils and included optical and gravimetric analyses. The results show that the MAE values are lower for the PM10:6 mass fraction (range 37\u2013135x10-3 m2 g-1 at 375 nm) than for the PM2:5 (range 95\u2013711x10-3 m2 g-1 at 375 nm) and decrease with increasing wavelength as lambda-AAE, where the \uc5ngstr\uf6m absorption exponent (AAE) averages between 3.3 and 3.5, regardless of size. The size independence of AAE suggests that, for a given size distribution, the oxide fraction, which could ease the application and the validation of climate models that now start to include the representation of the dust composition, as well as for remote sensing of dust absorption in the UV\u2013vis spectral region

Sleep deprivation, pain and prematurity: a review study

The aim was to describe current reports in the scientific literature on sleep in the intensive care environment and sleep deprivation associated with painful experiences in premature infant. A systematic search was conducted for studies on sleep, pain, premature birth and care of the newborn. Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, VHL and SciELO databases were consulted. The association between sleep deprivation and pain generates effects that are observed in the brain and the behavioral and physiological activity of preterm infants. Polysomnography in intensive care units and pain management in neonates allow comparison with the first year of life and term infants. We have found few references and evidence that neonatal care programs can influence sleep development and reduce the negative impact of the environment. This evidence is discussed from the perspective of how hospital intervention can improve the development of premature infants

CO2 wettability of seal and reservoir rocks and the implications for carbon geo-sequestration

We review the literature data published on the topic of CO2 wettability of storage and seal rocks. We first introduce the concept of wettability and explain why it is important in the context of carbon geo-sequestration (CGS) projects, and review how it is measured. This is done to raise awareness of this parameter in the CGS community, which, as we show later on in this text, may have a dramatic impact on structural and residual trapping of CO2. These two trapping mechanisms would be severely and negatively affected in case of CO2-wet storage and/or seal rock. Overall, at the current state of the art, a substantial amount of work has been completed, and we find that: 1. Sandstone and limestone, plus pure minerals such as quartz, calcite, feldspar, and mica are strongly water wet in a CO2-water system. 2. Oil-wet limestone, oil-wet quartz, or coal is intermediate wet or CO2 wet in a CO2-water system. 3. The contact angle alone is insufficient for predicting capillary pressures in reservoir or seal rocks. 4. The current contact angle data have a large uncertainty. 5. Solid theoretical understanding on a molecular level of rock-CO2-brine interactions is currently limited. 6. In an ideal scenario, all seal and storage rocks in CGS formations are tested for their CO2 wettability. 7. Achieving representative subsurface conditions (especially in terms of the rock surface) in the laboratory is of key importance but also very challenging

La fabrique matérielle et symbolique de la ville : le cas de Villeurbanne de 1900 à 1950

My thesis, entitled “The material and symbolic urban fabric : the case of the city of Villeurbanne from 1900 to 1950” aims to analyse the mechanisms of urban fabric in order to highlight the role of political actors and the influence of urban experiences that lie outside of the municipality, thanks to which urban projects have been developed and spread in order to adapt Villeurbanne to an urban model. The late nineteenth century was a period of identity tensions in Villeurbanne in reaction to the project of annexation of the city by his powerful neighbour, Lyon. Municipal Council spread identity discourses in order to distinguish Villeurbanne and Lyon, and to mobilise inhabitants and convince politicians to reject the annexation. Jules Grandclément, socialist mayor from 1908 to 1922, rationalized the municipal management and introduced innovations to reform the city befor 1914. World War I disrupted the municipal level, but stimulated municipal intervention in urban planification. During the preparation of urban plan, municipal councillors represented Villeurbanne, not as a simple suburb, but as a city, and they organized exchanges of urban kowledges with other municipalities and especially with municipal experts of Lyon. Mayor Lazare Goujon (1924-1935) was directly related to the continuity of the initiatives of his predecessor. He innovated by introducing an ambitious urban policy that modified the urban morphology giving to Vileurbanne its urban attributes. The audience of urban transformations was such that Villeurbanne was represented as an example of modern city during the 1930s. Upon arrival at the head of the municipality in 1935, the Communists denounced the expensive urban policy of its predecessor, and they implemented a local policy in the context of the Popular Front. The political color of the municipality during the inter-war period was erased during the World War II in favor of the ideology of the Petain’s government. The real estate market slowed since the 1930s and stopped during World War II, but was reactivated by the State housing policy in 1950s. This State intervention in the field of urban planning expertise created conflicts but mostly generated a gap between the material and symbolic fabric of the city at the local level .Ma thèse-CIFRE intitulée La fabrique matérielle et symbolique de la ville : le cas de Villeurbanne de 1900 à 1950 porte sur l’analyse des mécanismes de la fabrique urbaine, tant matérielle que symbolique, dans le but de saisir les jeux d’acteurs et l’influence d’expériences urbaines extérieures à la municipalité, grâce auxquels des projets urbains ont pu être élaborés ou médiatisés dans le but de se conformer à un modèle d’urbanité. La fin du XIXe siècle correspond à une période de crispation identitaire à Villeurbanne en raison de la tentative d’annexion lyonnaise. La commune est dès lors mise en récit dans une logique de différenciation par rapport à Lyon afin de convaincre les décideurs politiques de rejeter l’annexion. Cette dernière a pour effet de rapprocher les édiles des communes potentiellement annexées et son échec se traduit par un développement de l’intercommunalité. Jules Grandclément, maire socialiste de 1908 à 1922, entreprend de rationnaliser la gestion municipale et il introduit des innovations urbaines dans une logique réformatrice avant 1914. La Première Guerre mondiale désorganise l’échelon municipal mais elle stimule un renforcement de l’interventionnisme municipal durant le conflit dont hérite la commune en 1919. Une pensée de Villeurbanne telle une ville et non plus une commune de banlieue, émerge alors chez les édiles, soit au moment de l’élaboration du plan d’aménagement, d’embellissement et d’extension. Des échanges de savoirs urbains s’organisent avec d’autres municipalités et plus particulièrement avec des experts lyonnais. Le maire Lazare Goujon (1924-1935) s’inscrit directement dans la continuité des initiatives de son prédécesseur. Il innove en mettant en place une politique urbaine ambitieuse qui modifie la morphologie urbaine en parant dès lors la commune de ses attributs urbains. L’audience des transformations urbaines à Villeurbanne est telle que celle-ci est représentée comme un exemple de cité moderne durant les années 1930. Dès leur arrivée à la tête de la municipalité en 1935, les communistes dénoncent la politique urbaine dispendieuse de leur prédécesseur, et ils mettent en place une politique locale s’inscrivant dans le cadre du Front populaire. La coloration politique de la commune durant l’entre-deux-guerres est effacée durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale au profit de l’idéologie du gouvernement de Pétain. Le marché immobilier, fortement ralenti depuis les années 1930 et bloqué durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, est réactivé par la politique étatique du logement. Cette intervention de l’Etat dans le domaine de l’urbanisme engendre des conflits d’expertise mais elle crée surtout un décalage entre la fabrique matérielle et symbolique de la ville à l’échelon local

La cité moderne de Villeurbanne : objet et sujet d’étude durant l’entre-deux-guerres

International audienc

Elaboration d'un CD-ROM sur les lésions macroscopiques du cheval

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF