4-H Forestry: Using Nature-Based Programming to Enhance Positive Youth Development Outcomes

Concerned with the ongoing youth mental crisis in the United States, researchers intentionally planned for positive youth development (PYD) practices in nature. Educators, appreciating the critical importance of youth developing relationships and a sense of belonging, may regard this model as a powerful tool to enhance existing programs. Both youth and parents report this as a high quality PYD program, resulting in thriving youth. Youth participants feel welcome, supportively challenged, and passionate about the topic; resulting in a growth mindset, hopeful purpose, and openness to challenge and discovery. The program inspired an affinity for nature inboth youth participants and associated adults. 97% of youth and 95% of adult caregivers report being inspired to spend more time in nature as a result of the program. The program also inspired increased youth interest in science college and career opportunities

Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Factors Impacting Health-Related Quality of Life for Emerging Adults with Chronic Pain as They Transition to Adulthood

Approximately 5% to 30% of adolescents and emerging adults are living with chronic pain as they navigate the transition from pediatric- to adult-focused health care. However, there is a paucity of research investigating the health care transition experience for emerging adults with chronic pain. The current study aimed to utilize structural equation modeling in a sample of community-recruited emerging adults with chronic pain to: 1) assess a hypothesized measurement model and validate pertinent measures in this understudied population; and 2) assess a hypothesized structural model based in the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory. Findings provide preliminary validation of measures of health literacy, psychological functioning, pain self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life that could be used to identify emerging adults with chronic pain who may be at risk for poorer health outcomes. Additionally, findings highlight the need for longitudinal research studies from preparation in adolescence through integration into adult health care, as well as development of reliable and valid self-management and transition readiness measures, in order to expand the current body of health care transition research and inform the development of tailored interventions to promote more successful health care transition

Impact of Perceived Health Competence and Current Living Situation on the Quality of Life of Emerging Adults with Chronic Health Conditions

As emerging adults with chronic health conditions navigate the process of assuming greater responsibility regarding their own healthcare during this transitional period of life, they may encounter increased stress, which is known to exacerbate the symptoms and worsen the prognosis of their conditions. The results of the current study add to emerging evidence in the literature that health competence is positively associated with quality of life, particularly for individuals with chronic health conditions. Higher quality of life is associated with better health outcomes, highlighting the importance of interventions aimed to promote quality of life. Future research should focus on the development of targeted interventions for emerging adults with chronic health conditions that involve both parents and healthcare providers and promote health competence with the goal of increasing independent self-management, enhancing coping skills, helping with adjustments to living with chronic health conditions in adulthood, and improving overall quality of life

Marine Strategy Framework Directive - Task Group 11 Report Underwater Noise and Other Forms of Energy

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) (MSFD) requires that the European Commis-sion (by 15 July 2010) should lay down criteria and methodological standards to allow consistency in approach in evaluating the extent to which Good Environmental Status (GES) is being achieved. ICES and JRC were contracted to provide scientific support for the Commission in meeting this obligation. A total of 10 reports have been prepared relating to the descriptors of GES listed in Annex I of the Directive. Eight reports have been prepared by groups of independent experts coordinated by JRC and ICES in response to this contract. In addition, reports for two descriptors (Contaminants in fish and other seafood and Marine Litter) were written by expert groups coordinated by DG SANCO and IFREMER respectively. A Task Group was established for each of the qualitative Descriptors. Each Task Group consisted of selected experts providing experience related to the four marine regions (the Baltic Sea, the North-east Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea) and an appropriate scope of relevant scien-tific expertise. Observers from the Regional Seas Conventions were also invited to each Task Group to help ensure the inclusion of relevant work by those Conventions. This is the report of Task Group 11 Underwater noise and other forms of energy.JRC.DDG.H.5-Rural, water and ecosystem resource

The ENIGMA Stroke Recovery Working Group: Big data neuroimaging to study brain–behavior relationships after stroke

The goal of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Stroke Recovery working group is to understand brain and behavior relationships using well‐powered meta‐ and mega‐analytic approaches. ENIGMA Stroke Recovery has data from over 2,100 stroke patients collected across 39 research studies and 10 countries around the world, comprising the largest multisite retrospective stroke data collaboration to date. This article outlines the efforts taken by the ENIGMA Stroke Recovery working group to develop neuroinformatics protocols and methods to manage multisite stroke brain magnetic resonance imaging, behavioral and demographics data. Specifically, the processes for scalable data intake and preprocessing, multisite data harmonization, and large‐scale stroke lesion analysis are described, and challenges unique to this type of big data collaboration in stroke research are discussed. Finally, future directions and limitations, as well as recommendations for improved data harmonization through prospective data collection and data management, are provided

Probing Star Formation at Low Metallicity: The Radio Emission of Super Star Clusters in SBS0335-052

We present high-resolution radio continuum observations of the nascent starburst in the metal-poor galaxy SBS 0335-052. These radio data were taken with the Very Large Array and include observations at 0.7cm, 1.3cm, 2cm, 3.6cm, and 6cm. These observations enable us to probe the thermal radio nebulae associated with the extremely young star-forming regions in this galaxy. Two discrete and luminous star-forming regions are detected in the south of the galaxy that appear to be associated with massive star clusters previously identified at optical wavelengths. However, the remaining optically-identified massive star clusters are not clearly associated with radio emission (either thermal or non-thermal) down to the sensitivity limits of these radio data. The spectral energy distributions of the two radio-detected clusters are consistent with being purely thermal, and the entire region has an inferred ionizing flux of ~1.2 x 10^ 53 s^-1, which is equivalent to ~12,000 "typical" O-type stars (type O7.5 V). The observations presented here have resolved out a significant contribution from diffuse non-thermal emission detected previously, implying a previous episode of significant star formation. The current star formation rate (SFR) for this southern region alone is ~1.3 M_sun yr^-1, or ~ 23M_sun yr^-1 kpc^-2. This SFR derived from thermal radio emission also suggests that previous optical recombination line studies are not detecting a significant fraction of the current star formation in SBS 0335-052. From model fits to the radio spectral energy distribution, we infer a global mean density in the two youngest clusters of n_e > 10^3-10^4 cm^-3. In addition, a comparison between the compact and diffuse radio emission indicates that up to ~50% of the ionizing flux could be leaking out of the compact HII regions.Comment: accepted AJ, 14 pages, 5 figure

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Metformin Irrespective of Diabetes Status

Rationale: The diabetes drug metformin is under investigation in cardiovascular disease but the molecular mechanisms underlying possible benefits are poorly understood. Objective: Here we have studied anti-inflammatory effects of the drug and their relationship to anti-hyperglycaemic properties. Methods and Results: In primary hepatocytes from healthy animals, metformin and the IKKβ inhibitor BI605906 both inhibited TNFα-dependent IκB degradation and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-1b, and CXCL1/2. Metformin suppressed IKKα/β activation, an effect which could be separated from some metabolic actions, in that BI605906 did not mimic effects of metformin on lipogenic gene expression, glucose production and AMPK activation. Equally AMPK was not required either for mitochondrial suppression of IκB degradation. Consistent with discrete anti-inflammatory actions, in macrophages metformin specifically blunted secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, without inhibiting M1/M2 differentiation or activation. In a large treatment naïve diabetes population cohort, we observed differences in the systemic inflammation marker, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), following incident treatment with either metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy. Compared to sulfonylurea exposure, metformin reduced the mean log-transformed NLR after 8-16 months by 0.09 units (95% CI=0.02-0.17, p=0.013), and increased the likelihood that NLR would be lower than baseline after 8-16 months (OR 1.83, 95% CI=1.22-2.75, p=0.00364). Following up these findings in a double blind placebo controlled trial in nondiabetic heart failure (trial registration: NCT00473876), metformin suppressed plasma cytokines including the ageing-associated cytokine CCL11. Conclusions: We conclude that anti-inflammatory properties of metformin are exerted irrespective of diabetes status. This may accelerate investigation of drug utility in non-diabetic cardiovascular disease groups