Current saturation and Coulomb interactions in organic single-crystal transistors

Electronic transport through rubrene single-crystal field effect transistors (FETs) is investigated experimentally in the high carrier density regime (n ~ 0.1 carrier/molecule). In this regime, we find that the current does not increase linearly with the density of charge carriers, and tends to saturate. At the same time, the activation energy for transport unexpectedly increases with increasing n. We perform a theoretical analysis in terms of a well-defined microscopic model for interacting Frohlich polarons, that quantitatively accounts for our experimental observations. This work is particularly significant for our understanding of electronic transport through organic FETs.Comment: Extended version with 1 additional figure and an appendix explaining the consistency of the theoretical calculatio

A review of building occupants adaptive behavior in buildings of China

In order to realize the sustainable development of society, building energy consumption has become a global concern. In buildings, occupants adaptive behaviors that means how to use the buildings have an very important influence on the building energy use. The researches of occupants adaptive behaviors have been carried out for more than 30 years in Europe, including England, Switzerland, Denmark and so on. In past 10 years, many Chinese scholars also started to study on this field. This paper reviewed the articles of occupants adaptive behaviors in china and summerized the current development situations then discussed the proper development direction in the future that can give some advises and references for the future study

Framingham Stroke Risk Profile and poor cognitive function: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between stroke risk and cognitive function has not previously been examined in a large community living sample other than the Framingham cohort. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between 10-year risk for incident stroke and cognitive function in a large population-based sample. METHODS: Participants were 7377 adults aged 50 years and over of the 2002 wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective cohort study. A modified version of the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (incorporating age, sex, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, diabetes, smoking status, cardiovascular disease, and atrial fibrillation) was used to assess 10-year risk of stroke. Linear regression models were used to determine the cross-sectional relationship of stroke risk to global cognitive function and performance in multiple cognitive domains. RESULTS: In unadjusted models 10 percentage point increments of 10-year stroke risk were associated with poor global cognitive function (-0.40 SD units, 95% CI -0.43 - -0.38), and lowered performance in all cognitive domains. After statistical adjustment for age, sex, testing interval and other correlates of cognitive function the association with stroke risk was attenuated though remained significant for global cognitive function (-0.06 SD units, 95% CI -0.09 - -0.03), immediate and delayed verbal memory, semantic verbal fluency and processing speed. CONCLUSION: In individuals free from a history of stroke or dementia, high subclinical cerebrovascular disease burden was associated with worse cognitive function in multiple domains.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

Transcriptome-wide high-throughput deep m6A-seq reveals unique differential m6A methylation patterns between three organs in Arabidopsis thaliana

Proportion of two types of m6A distributing feature in mRNA. (DOC 30 kb

Diagnosing the Ice Crystal Enhancement Factor in the Tropics

Recent modeling studies have revealed that ice crystal number concentration is one of the dominant factors in the effect of clouds on radiation. Since the ice crystal enhancement factor and ice nuclei concentration determine the concentration, they are both important in quantifying the contribution of increased ice nuclei to global warming. In this study, long-term cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations are compared with field observations to estimate the ice crystal enhancement factor in tropical and midlatitudinal clouds, respectively. It is found that the factor in tropical clouds is ~10 3-104 times larger than that of mid-latitudinal ones, which makes physical sense because entrainment and detrainment in the Tropics are much stronger than in middle latitudes. The effect of entrainment/detrainment on the enhancement factor, especially in tropical clouds, suggests that cloud microphysical parameterizations should be coupled with subgrid turbulence parameterizations within CRMs to obtain a more accurate depiction of cloud-radiative forcing

Antes del pensar : las aventuras del "ergo" desde Descartes hasta Heidegger

Desde Descartes hasta Husserl se desarrolla una figura de fundamentación filosófica que a partir del pensar autointuyente quiere alcanzar el ser mediante alguna conexión reflexiva o lógica, que en mi enunciado se simboliza con el "ergo". ¿Cómo lia de concebirse la conexión entre pensar y ser? Puede alcanzarse el ser cuando el punto de partida es el pensamiento? La forma de ver esa conexión es el hilo conductor de la filosofia moderna, y podría decirse que la modernidad filosófica acaba cuando se devuelve al ser la soberanía sobre el pensar (ontologización del neokantismo, reconducción de la fenomenología hacia el mundo de la vida). El punto decisivo en esta inflexión es la ontologia fundamental de Martin Heidegger. El camino que le precede está jalonado por Descartes, el idealismo alemán y la fenomenología

Synthesis and (spectro)electrochemistry of mixedvalent diferrocenyl–dihydrothiopyran derivatives

Three novel diferrocenyl complexes were prepared and characterised. 2,2-Diferrocenyl-4,5-dimethyl- 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran (1, sulphide) was accessible by the hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of diferrocenyl thioketone with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Stepwise oxidation of 1 gave the respective oxides 2,2- diferrocenyl-4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-1-oxide (2, sulfoxide) and 2,2-diferrocenyl-4,5- dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-1,1-dioxide (3, sulfone), respectively. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 in the solid state were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The oxidation of sulphide 1 to sulfone 3, plays only a minor role on the overall structure of the two compounds. Electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (= CV), square wave voltammetry (= SWV)) and spectroelectrochemical (in situ UV-Vis/NIR spectroscopy) studies were carried out. The CV and SWV measurements showed that an increase of the sulphur atom oxidation from −2 in 1 to +2 in 3 causes an anodic shift of the ferrocenylbased oxidation potentials of about 100 mV. The electrochemical oxidation of 1–3 generates mixedvalent cations 1+–3+. These monooxidised species display low-energy electronic absorption bands between 1000 and 3000 nm assigned to IVCT (= Inter-Valence Charge Transfer) electronic transitions. Accordingly, the mixed-valent cations 1+–3+ are classified as weakly coupled class II systems according to Robin and Day.Authors (K. K. and G. M.) thank the National Science Centre (Poland) for financial support (Project Maestro-3; Dec-2012/06/ A/ST5/00219) and R. C. thanks the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for support. The support from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) in the framework of the exchange program “Ostpartnerschaften” is highly appreciated

A Uniform CO Survey of the Molecular Clouds in Orion and Monoceros

We report the results of a new large scale survey of the Orion-Monoceros complex of molecular clouds made in the J = 1->0 line of CO with the Harvard-Smithsonian 1.2m millimetre-wave telescope. The survey consists of 52,288 uniformly spaced spectra that cover an area of 432 square degrees on the sky and is the most sensitive large-scale survey of the region to date. Distances to the constituent molecular clouds of the complex, estimated from an analysis of foreground and background stars, have provided information on the three dimensional structure of the entire complex.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 19 pages with 17 colour figures - 39 if you count the sub-figures separately. The figures here have been bit-mapped with some loss of quality and beauty. The paper version in A&A will be in greyscale with the on-line version in colour. In the meantime the colour version can be obtained by following links at http://www.star.bris.ac.uk/mrwm . The 9MB PostScript is recommended if you have appropriate bandwidth or otherwise the 2.3MB PDF is usabl