Modeling Roman Rural Landscapes

The Department of Classical Archeology at the University of Vienna is currently investigating settlement processes and material culture in rural areas of the Roman province of Noricum by means of noninvasive survey methods. The aim is to create a new and widely accessible digital data base for different, tangible forms of rural settlement activities in the investigation area. For this purpose, individual settlements in Upper Austria were chosen as representative research areas: the surrounding area of Lauriacum / Enns as the economic hinterland of a legion camp, the hinterland of Ovilavis / Wels as a rural area around a civil-urban center, as well as sites in the Vöckla valley as a representative of the remote periphery

Archäologischer Survey in Markgrafneusiedl/NÖ

Official report about archaeological investigations regarding the presence and absence of archaeological finds and structures through intensive systematic archaeological survey

1,2,6-thiadiazinones as novel narrow spectrum calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) inhibitors

We demonstrate for the first time that 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one (TDZ) can function as a chemotype for the design of ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors. Using insights from a co-crystal structure of a 3,5-bis(arylamino)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one bound to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), several analogues were identified with micromolar activity through targeted displacement of bound water molecules in the active site. Since the TDZ analogues showed reduced promiscuity compared to their 2,4-dianilinopyrimidine counter parts, they represent starting points for development of highly selective kinase inhibitors

Intra-household use and acceptability of Ready-to-Use-Supplementary-Foods distributed in Niger between July and December 2010.

Few studies have looked at consumption of Ready-to-Use-Supplementary-Foods (RUSFs) during a nutritional emergency. Here, we describe the use and acceptability of RUSF within households in four districts of the region of Maradi, Niger during large scale preventive distributions with RUSF in 2010 targeted at children 6-35months of age. Our study comprised both quantitative and qualitative components to collect detailed information and to allow in-depth interviews. We performed a cross-sectional survey in 16 villages between two monthly distributions of RUSF (October-November 2010). All households with at least one child who received RUSF were included and a total of 1842 caregivers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Focus groups and individual interviews of 128 caregivers were conducted in eight of the selected villages. On average, 24.7% of households reported any sharing of RUSF within the household. Sharing practices outside the household remained rare. Most of the sharing reported occurred among children under 5years of age living in the household. On average, 91% of caregivers in all districts rated the child's appreciation of the products as good or very good. Program planning may need to explicitly accounting for the sharing of products among children under 5 within household

The Map is Not the Territory: How South Africa Followed the Anti-Corruption Roadmap and Got Lost Along the Way

This paper charts the development of the anti-corruption roadmap and considers whether it has been effective in South Africa. Part I begins with an overview of the FCPA, the first and most influential anticorruption law. Part II reviews the multilateral treaties and conventions that proliferated in the 1990s and early 2000s and that outline the contemporary anticorruption roadmap. Part III focuses on the efforts of South Africa to follow the roadmap, and reviews the laws and institutions it established after acceding to the instruments and treaties described in Part II. Part IV looks at what happened next, summarizing four major corruption scandals that have occurred in South Africa in recent years. Part V considers those scandals through the lens of the laws and institutions designed to prevent them, and discusses why they failed to do so. This paper does not answer the question of why corruption is so hard to eradicate. Its more modest ambition is to show that laws and institutions, standing alone, are not enough

The Map is Not the Territory: How South Africa Followed the Anti-Corruption Roadmap and Got Lost Along the Way

This paper charts the development of the anti-corruption roadmap and considers whether it has been effective in South Africa. Part I begins with an overview of the FCPA, the first and most influential anticorruption law. Part II reviews the multilateral treaties and conventions that proliferated in the 1990s and early 2000s and that outline the contemporary anticorruption roadmap. Part III focuses on the efforts of South Africa to follow the roadmap, and reviews the laws and institutions it established after acceding to the instruments and treaties described in Part II. Part IV looks at what happened next, summarizing four major corruption scandals that have occurred in South Africa in recent years. Part V considers those scandals through the lens of the laws and institutions designed to prevent them, and discusses why they failed to do so. This paper does not answer the question of why corruption is so hard to eradicate. Its more modest ambition is to show that laws and institutions, standing alone, are not enough

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi pre-colonisation for improving the growth and health of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)

Pre-colonisation of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) before trans-planting has been proposed as a method for protecting crops against biotic and abiotic stresses and/or increasing plant productivity. Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) production systems make AMF pre-inoculation at the weaning stage relatively straightforward for in vitro and runner-derived plantlets. Strawberry plugs were pre-inoculated with different AMF species to study (1) whether AMF could pre-colonise different strawberry cultivars under high moisture and soil-less substrate during the weaning process, (2) whether AMF could survive the required artificial freezing cold storage of strawberry plugs for several months, and (3) whether AMF could enhance plant tolerance against Verticillium dahliae, Phytophthora fragariae and P. cactorum. In addition, (4) AMF was inoculated at planting to study whether AMF could increase strawberry growth and yield when cultivated in coir, and (5) a simple in vitro autotrophic system was also designed to investigate strawberry-AMF-pathogen interactions under controlled conditions. The study demonstrated that the soil-less substrates tested and high moisture conditions during tipping did not prevent different AMF from colonising roots of strawberry plugs. Pre-inoculated AMF species could also survive cold storage at -2°C with strawberry plugs for several months. However, AMF pre-colonisation and/or AMF inoculation at planting did not increase plant tolerance against root pathogens. It was demonstrated that AMF inoculation in coir did not significantly increase plant growth and yield. Finally, micropropagated strawberry were successfully infected by P. fragariae in vitro with the corresponding disease symptoms, while V. dahlia and AMF could germinate but did not colonise the strawberry roots in the autotrophic culture system. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first research focusing on the AMF-strawberry interaction as a model system to study the possibility to pre-colonise strawberry plug materials to increase plant productivity and tolerance against major strawberry root diseases