Coherent thermodynamical modelling of geomaterial reinforced by wires

The TexSol is a composite geomaterial : a sand matrix and a wire network reinforcement. For small strains a thermodynamical continuous model of the TexSol including the unilaterality of the wire network is postulated. This model is described by two potentials which depend on some internal variables and a state variable either strain or stress tensor (the choice of this last one gives two different ways of identification). The TexSol continuous model is implemented in a finite element code to recover the mechanical behaviour given by discrete elements numerical experiments

From discrete to continuous numerical identification of a geomaterial with an internal length

International audienceA geomaterial called TexSol and composed of sand and wires was investigated by numerical experiments in order to determine its geometrical and mechanical parameters, such as tortuousness of the wire, anisotropy and characteristic length. This stage is essential for studying a material with an obvious non-local behavior. Investigations by discrete elements highlighted that the characteristic length was dependant on the loading level. These simulations provided access to variables that standard physical experiments cannot provide. Some parameters of a continuous model of TexSol were identified through discrete numerical experiments using a classic procedure. The other parameters were determined by finite element method updating

Drug squads: units specialised in drug law enforcement in Europe.

Drug law enforcement activity targets the supply of drugs and is responsible for much of the key data that informs our understanding of drugs supply in Europe. This study looks, for the first time, at how drug law enforcement is organised in European countries. Table of contents: • Key findings • Introduction • Background, objectives and methods • Key figures and institutional affiliations • Mandates and supervision • Conclusions • References • Annex • Acknowledgement

A Patient\u27s Right Not to Hear: The Public Health Case for Challenging Pre-Abortion Ultrasound Description Mandates by Refocusing on the Listener

This Article argues for a reframing of the discourse surrounding abortion-specific informed consent laws, calling for scholars and practitioners to focus not solely on the physician’s right against compelled speech, but also a patient’s right not to listen. Although this right has not been firmly recognized by the courts, a growing body of case law and scholarly papers has begun to acknowledge the potential for this right. This Article begins by examining how bridging the First Amendment rights of doctors-as-speakers and patients-as-listeners within the context of the unique doctor-patient relationship may help to establish a patient’s right not to hear. The Article then applies the captive audience doctrine to the abortion context, describing how patients are held “captive” within the contexts of the doctor’s office and of the state’s legislation. The Article then explores why re-focusing the discourse from the physician’s speech rights to the patient’s rights is essential to upholding and advancing public health law, generally, and informed consent law, specifically. The Article concludes by describing how the sole focus on the physician’s right may, in fact, be harmful to public health law, as it would greatly restrict how states can regulate medicine. By re-focusing on the patient’s right to hear/not to hear, the law can better protect the state’s ability to regulate public health, while also promoting patient agency and a woman’s choice to access abortion care

L’écho panique dans l’œuvre de E.M. Forster

De sa première nouvelle, « The Story of a Panic » (1904), à A Passage to India (1924), E.M. Forster revisite le mythe d’Écho et de Narcisse, tel qu’il est raconté par Ovide au livre III des Métamorphoses, et le mythe d’Écho et de Pan, rapporté par Longus au livre III de Daphnis et Chloé. Souffrant de ne pouvoir exprimer librement leur désir, les protagonistes de Forster subissent le même sort que la nymphe malheureuse : la perte de la voix propre, le contact impossible avec l’objet aimé, l’occultation du corps, la souffrance liée au désir inassouvi, l’épreuve de la fragmentation panique. Pourtant, comme Écho, certains d’entre eux parviennent à inventer un langage qui se substitue au toucher interdit (des « paroles caressantes », « blandis dictis »), un langage qui se construit dans une relation étroite de dépendance avec la parole de l’autre comme structure fondamentale de réponse à un appel.From his earliest short story, “The Story of a Panic” (1904), to A Passage to India (1924), E.M. Forster revisits the myth of Echo and Narcissus, from Ovid’s Metamorphoses (book III), and the myth of Echo and Pan, from Longus’s Daphnis and Chloe (book III). Unable to express their desires freely, Forster’s protagonists experience the same plight as the unfortunate nymph: a suppressed voice, forbidden physical contact with the object of their love, the concealment of bodily passion, the pain of unfulfilled desire, panic fragmentation. But, like Echo, some of them succeed in devising a language to express their feelings in an indirect way, substituting caressing words (“blandis dictis”) to physical contact, a language based on a structure of call and response