Women’s Leadership in Humanitarian Settings in Central America

During the first-ever World Humanitarian Summit last year, the global humanitarian community was abuzz around Local Humanitarian Leadership (LHL). Concrete commitments were made and reflected in the Grand Bargain as well as in the Charter for Change, proposing initial steps at the global level for a shift in power, knowledge and resources towards local humanitarian actors.  There has never been a more appropriate time to look at women’s leadership in the humanitarian sector, particularly at the local level, as women’s leadership is also about transforming power structures and systems.We interviewed nine women leaders from Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, from civil society organizations members of the CRGR, feminists, academics, and humanitarian managers who have successfully led emergency response teams. Through interviews with these nine highly experienced leaders, we identified the daily challenges they face in the course of their work, and how humanitarian trainings could better cater to their leadership development needs. By highlighting the perspectives of these few women leaders in Central America, we wish to develop guidance on how women’s leadership can be made more visible in humanitarian workshops and training materials, and how to make the challenges women leaders face in the humanitarian sector better understood. Despite the small number of interviews and the qualitative nature of this report, the findings may also offer insights for learning in other areas of the globe, such as Asia

Afrontamiento, estrés y satisfacción laboral en trabajadores de una clínica privada de Lima Norte, 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la relación que existe entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, el estrés y la satisfacción en trabajadores de una clínica privada de Lima norte. El tipo de investigación es correlacional y de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 65 trabajadores de una clínica privada. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Estrés Laboral: Control-Exigencias y Apoyo Social (Job Content Questionnaire – JCQ) para evaluar el estrés, la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral (SL-SPC) de Sonia Palma y el Cuestionario Brief COPE de Carver, adaptado por Morán et al. (2010) para las estrategias de afrontamiento. Cabe resaltar que la mayoría de las correlaciones entre las tres variables no son estadísticamente significativas. Como principal conclusión se encontró que existe una correlación estadísticamente significativa, positiva y baja entre la variable estrés y satisfacción laboral, resultado que difiere notablemente de los hallados en trabajos previos. Se sugiere a futuros investigadores asociar las variables de estudio en muestras de trabajadores de otros centros de salud, empleando muestras más grandes, en distintas zonas geográficas y en condiciones de normalidad

Retrograde trafficking of β-dystroglycan from the plasma membrane to the nucleus

β-Dystroglycan (β-DG) is a transmembrane protein with critical roles in cell adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling and nuclear architecture. This functional diversity is attributed to the ability of β-DG to target to, and conform specific protein assemblies at the plasma membrane (PM) and nuclear envelope (NE). Although a classical NLS and importin α/β mediated nuclear import pathway has already been described for β-DG, the intracellular trafficking route by which β-DG reaches the nucleus is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that β-DG undergoes retrograde intracellular trafficking from the PM to the nucleus via the endosome-ER network. Furthermore, we provided evidence indicating that the translocon complex Sec61 mediates the release of β-DG from the ER membrane, making it accessible for importins and nuclear import. Finally, we show that phosphorylation of β-DG at Tyr890 is a key stimulus for β-DG nuclear translocation. Collectively our data describe the retrograde intracellular trafficking route that β-DG follows from PM to the nucleus. This dual role for a cell adhesion receptor permits the cell to functionally connect the PM with the nucleus and represents to our knowledge the first example of a cell adhesion receptor exhibiting retrograde nuclear trafficking and having dual roles in PM and NE

Surveillance for Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Children, US–Mexico Border, 2005–20081

We reviewed confirmed cases of pediatric invasive meningococcal disease in Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego County, California, USA, during 2005–2008. The overall incidence and fatality rate observed in Tijuana were similar to those found in the US, and serogroup distribution suggests that most cases in Tijuana are vaccine preventable

Olala music

OLALA MUSIC, es un proyecto de negocio que se inicia a raíz de la evolución que ha tenido la manera de entretenerse a través de la música y los diferentes géneros que esta ofrece, acompañado del avance tecnológico y nuevas plataformas digitales. La propuesta principal es la diversificación de contenido musical a través de una plataforma digital para disfrutar de su música favorita. Muchas personas han dejado el modo tradicional de escuchar música y optan por hacerlo mediante un servicio de streaming. Por ello, se vio factible un modelo de negocio como el que presentamos, que permitirá una rentabilidad idónea para los inversionistas. OLALA MUSIC, ofrecerá sus servicios de calidad a través de su aplicativo móvil. En ella, tres planes (básico, estándar y Premium) mediante los cuales se pueden suscribir y disfrutar del plan. El emprendimiento tendrá como público objetivo a hombres y mujeres de NSE B de 18 a 55 años, que se encuentran en los residiendo en Lima Metropolitana y que usan internet para entretenimiento. Tras realizar el análisis financiero de 5 años, OLALA MUSIC iniciará con una inversión total de S/134,822.00 con una VAN de S/ 1,454,147 y una TIR de 56.85%. Se espera que las ventas del 1er año lleguen a S/ 589,565. Asimismo, se proyectó un incremento de ventas de 10% en los años de evaluación del proyecto. De acuerdo con el análisis financiero se comprueba que el modelo de negocio presentado es rentable para los inversionistas.OLALA MUSIC, is a business project that began as a result of the evolution that the way of entertainment has had through music and the different genres it offers, accompanied by technological advancement and new digital platforms. The main proposal is the diversification of musical content through a digital platform to enjoy your favorite music. Many people have left the traditional way of listening to music and choose to do so through a streaming service. Therefore, a business model like the one we present was feasible, which will allow an ideal return for investors. OLALA MUSIC, will offer its quality services through its mobile application. In it, three plans (basic, standard and Premium) through which you can subscribe and enjoy the plan. The project will target men and women of NSE B between 18 and 55 years of age, who are living in Metropolitan Lima and who use the internet for entertainment. After conducting the 5-year financial analysis, OLALA MUSIC will start with a total investment of S / 134,822.00 with a NPV of S / 1,454,147 and an IRR of 56.85%. Sales for the 1st year are expected to reach S / 589,565. Likewise, a sales increase of 10% was projected in the years of evaluation of the project. According to the financial analysis, it is verified that the presented business model is profitable for investors.Trabajo de investigació

Surveillance for Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Children, US–Mexico Border, 2005–20081

We reviewed confirmed cases of pediatric invasive meningococcal disease in Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego County, California, USA, during 2005–2008. The overall incidence and fatality rate observed in Tijuana were similar to those found in the US, and serogroup distribution suggests that most cases in Tijuana are vaccine preventable

Moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer: Preferences amongst radiation oncologists from countries in Latin America and the Caribbean

Background: The safety and effectiveness of moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer were demonstrated by several trials. This study aimed to evaluate the current patterns of practice and prescription preference about moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy to assess possible aspects that affect the decision-making process regarding the use of fractionation in breast cancer patients in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We also aimed to identify factors that can restrain the utilization of moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer. Materials an methods: Radiation oncologists from LAC were invited to contribute to this study. A 38-question survey was used to evaluate their opinions. Results: A total of 173 radiation oncologists from 13 countries answered the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (84.9%) preferred moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy as their first choice in cases of whole breast irradiation. Whole breast plus regional nodal irradiation, post-mastectomy (chest wall and regional nodal irradiation) without reconstruction, and post-mastectomy (chest wall and regional node irradiation) with reconstruction hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy was preferred by 72.2% 71.1%, and 53.7% of respondents, respectively. Breast cancer stage, and flap-based breast reconstruction were the factors associated with absolute contraindications for the use of hypofractionated schedules. Conclusion: Even though moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer is considered a new standard to the vast majority of the patients, its unrestricted application in clinical practice across LAC still faces reluctance

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised