Reformas y transformaciones de la negociacion colectiva en Francia.

La ley del 14 de junio 2013 en Francia ha puesto en marcha un cambio en la negociación colectiva para mejorar la organización de la empresa. El cambio consiste en fortalecer la negociación en la empresa con la finalidad de vincular los contenidos de la negociación con las condiciones específicas de cada empresa. Es decir, adaptar la negociación colectiva a las situaciones específicas de las empresas. Hasta ahora la tradición de intervención estatal francesa ha obstaculizado el desarrollo de la negociación colectiva, a pesar de que antes, en 1982 la ley Auroux intentara ya hacerlo. La reforma considera también la articulación de la negociación del nivel sectorial y la empresa. El objetivo prioritario de la reforma es preservar el empleo.La llei del 14 de juny 2013 a França ha posat en marxa un canvi en la negociació col·lectiva per millorar l'organització de l'empresa . El canvi consisteix a enfortir la negociació a l'empresa amb la finalitat de vincular els continguts de la negociació amb les condicions específiques de cada empresa . És a dir, adaptar la negociació col·lectiva a les situacions específiques de les empreses . Fins ara la tradició d'intervenció estatal francesa ha obstaculitzat el desenvolupament de la negociació col·lectiva , tot i que la llei Auroux intentés fer-ho l'any 1982. La reforma considera també l'articulació de la negociació del nivell sectorial i l'empresa . L'objectiu prioritari de la reforma és preservar l'ocupació.The law of June 14, 2013 in France has implemented a change in collective bargaining to improve the organization at the company level. The change is to strengthen the enterprise bargaining in order to link the contents of the negotiations with the specific conditions of each company. This reform tries to adapt collective bargaining to specific business situations. So far the French tradition of state intervention has hindered the development of collective bargaining, even though in 1982 the law Auroux tries and does it before. The reform also considers the articulation between levels, as it is sectorial and company level. The primary objective of the reform is to preserve jobs

A multi-group SEIRA model for the spread of COVID-19 among heterogeneous populations

The outbreak and propagation of COVID-19 have posed a considerable challenge to modern society. In particular, the different restrictive actions taken by governments to prevent the spread of the virus have changed the way humans interact and conceive interaction. Due to geographical, behavioral, or economic factors, different sub-groups among a population are more (or less) likely to interact, and thus to spread/acquire the virus. In this work, we present a general multi-group SEIRA model for representing the spread of COVID-19 among a heterogeneous population and test it in a numerical case of study. By highlighting its applicability and the ease with which its general formulation can be adapted to particular studies, we expect our model to lead us to a better understanding of the evolution of this pandemic and to better public-health policies to control it

A Maxwell-elasto-brittle rheology for sea ice modelling

International audienceA new rheological model is developed that builds on an elasto-brittle (EB) framework used for sea ice and rock mechanics, with the intent of representing both the small elastic deformations associated with fracturing processes and the larger deformations occurring along the faults/leads once the material is highly damaged and fragmented. A viscous-like relaxation term is added to the linear-elastic constitutive relationship together with an effective viscosity that evolves according to the local level of damage of the material, like its elastic modulus. The coupling between the level of damage and both mechanical parameters is such that within an undamaged ice cover the viscosity is infinitely large and deformations are strictly elastic, while along highly damaged zones the elastic modulus vanishes and most of the stress is dissipated through permanent deformations. A healing mechanism is also introduced, counterbalancing the effects of damaging over large time scales. In this new model, named Maxwell-EB after the Maxwell rheology, the irreversible and reversible deformations are solved for simultaneously, hence drift velocities are defined naturally. First idealized simulations without advection show that the model reproduces the main characteristics of sea ice mechanics and deformation: strain localization, anisotropy, intermittency and associated scaling laws

Reformas y transformaciones de la negociación colectiva en Francia

La llei del 14 de juny 2013 a França ha posat en marxa un canvi en la negociació col·lectiva per millorar l'organització de l'empresa . El canvi consisteix a enfortir la negociació a l'empresa amb la finalitat de vincular els continguts de la negociació amb les condicions específiques de cada empresa . És a dir , adaptar la negociació col·lectiva a les situacions específiques de les empreses . Fins ara la tradició d'intervenció estatal francesa ha obstaculitzat el desenvolupament de la negociació col·lectiva , tot i que la llei Auroux intentés fer-ho l'any 1982. La reforma considera també l'articulació de la negociació del nivell sectorial i l'empresa . L'objectiu prioritari de la reforma és preservar l'ocupació.The law of June 14, 2013 in France has implemented a change in collective bargaining to improve the organization at the company level. The change is to strengthen the enterprise bargaining in order to link the contents of the negotiations with the specific conditions of each company. This reform tries to adapt collective bargaining to specific business situations. So far the French tradition of state intervention has hindered the development of collective bargaining, even though in 1982 the law Auroux tries and does it before. The reform also considers the articulation between levels, as it is sectorial and company level. The primary objective of the reform is to preserve jobs.La ley del 14 de junio 2013 en Francia ha puesto en marcha un cambio en la negociación colectiva para mejorar  la organización de la empresa. El cambio consiste en fortalecer la negociación en la empresa con la finalidad de vincular los contenidos de la negociación con las condiciones específicas de cada empresa. Es decir, adaptar la negociación colectiva a las situaciones específicas de las empresas. Hasta ahora la tradición de intervención estatal francesa ha obstaculizado el desarrollo de la negociación colectiva, a pesar de que antes, en 1982 la ley Auroux intentara ya hacerlo.  La reforma considera también la articulación de la negociación del nivel sectorial y la empresa. El objetivo prioritario de la reforma es preservar el empleo

Emergence of Coherent Long Wavelength Oscillations After a Quench: Application to QCD

To model the dynamics of the chiral order parameter in a far from equilibrium phase transition, we consider quenching in the O(4) linear sigma model. We argue, and present numerical evidence, that in the period immediately following the quench long wavelength modes of the pion field are amplified. This results in large regions of coherent pion oscillations, and could lead to dramatic phenomenological consequences in heavy ion collisions.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures included (uuencoded and compressed); uses phyzzx; PUPT-1389, IASSNS-HEP-93/1

Estudio normativo del test de inteligencia no verbal Toni 2 en una muestra de escolares de 5 y 6 años de la provincia de Santiago, Chile

73 p.A continuación, se presenta un resumen del trabajo desarrollado en esta investigación, el proceso de creación de normas locales del Test de Inteligencia No Verbal, segunda edición, TONI 2. El estudio se inicia con una introducción al tema donde se plantea la justificación de la investigación; posteriormente continúa con el marco teórico que la sustenta, el que se centra fundamentalmente en el desarrollo del concepto de inteligencia y su relación con las variables demográficas analizadas en esta investigación. Se aborda además el tema de la medición de habilidades intelectuales, el concepto de inteligencia no verbal, las características más relevantes de los tests de inteligencia no verbal, la presentación del TONI 2, incluyendo un análisis de sus tareas y bases teóricas así como el aporte de datos de validez y confiabilidad del instrumento. Posteriormente, se realiza un paralelo comparativo entre el TONI y otros instrumentos de evaluación no verbal y se plantea el problema que motiva esta investigación. Luego, se definen los objetivos del trabajo y se desarrollan los aspectos metodológicos del mismo, con la descripción de los procedimientos de muestreo y aplicación del instrumento, así como el análisis de los datos y los estadígrafos usados. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones, los comentarios y las proyecciones del estudio./ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to study the psychometric properties of the Test of Non Verbal Intelligence (TONI). First, an introduction to the topic of this project is included. The theoretical underpinnings of the projects are discussed next. The theoretical review includes a revision of the concept of intelligence and its relation to the variables of the study. Other related topics are discussed, including the assessment of intellectual abilities, the concept of non verbal intelligence, and the properties of test for the assessment of non verbal intelligence. Next, the TONI is described extensively. A comparison between the TONI and other test of non verbal intelligence is also included. The proposal of the study is included following the previous review, as well as the aims of the work. According to data, the TONI is a valid and reliable test that can be used confidently in our country. However, some caution is needed because the sample included in the study is restricted to the metropolitan area of Chile

Search for fingerprints of disoriented chiral condensates in cosmic ray showers

Although the generation of disoriented chiral condensates (DCCs), where the order parameter for chiral symmetry breaking is misaligned with respect to the vacuum direction in isospin state, is quite natural in the theory of strong interactions, they have so far eluded experiments in accelerators and cosmic rays. If DCCs are formed in high-energy nuclear collisions, the relevant outcome are very large event-by-event fluctuations in the neutral-to-charged pion fraction. In this note we search for fingerprints of DCC formation in observables of ultra-high energy cosmic ray showers. We present simulation results for the depth of the maximum ($X_{max}$) and number of muons on the ground, evaluating their sensitivity to the neutral-to-charged pion fraction asymmetry produced in the primary interaction.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Can Gluons Trace Baryon Number?

QCD as a gauge non-Abelian theory imposes severe constraints on the structure of the baryon wave function. We point out that, contrary to a widely accepted belief, the traces of baryon number in a high-energy process can reside in a non-perturbative configuration of gluon fields, rather than in the valence quarks. We argue that this conjecture can be tested experimentally, since it can lead to substantial baryon asymmetry in the central rapidity region of ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, figures available upon reques

L'interclustering : innover par la diversification. Le cas du pôle de compétitivité Aerospace Valley en Aquitaine

International audienceAt the regional level, as in Aquitaine region, or at national and European levels, interclustering offers new opportunities to collaborate between clusters/clusters and their respective members. The interclustering steps identified in the literature start usually by exchanging best practices between members and cluster leaders to move towards the setting up collaborative innovation projects with a cross-sectoral dimension. In the case of major clusters, the abundance of technologies identified in the perimeter can limit the impact in its institutional scope. Technological diversification then appears as a new opportunity to foster cross-fertilization between market applications and complementary themes. The number of projects since 2010 in connection with Aerospace Valley competitiveness cluster seems to confirm our assumptions.A l'échelle régionale, comme en Aquitaine, ou au niveau national et européen, l'interclustering offre de nouvelles opportunités de collaborations aux pôles de compétitivité et aux clusters et à leurs adhérents respectifs. Les étapes identifiées dans la littérature à propos de l'interclustering débutent le plus souvent par l'échange de bonnes pratiques entre membres et animateurs de clusters pour tendre vers le montage de projets collaboratifs d'innovation avec une dimension trans-sectorielle. Dans le cas des pôles de compétitivité majeurs, l'abondance des technologies identifiées au sein du périmètre peut limiter l'impact à l'intérieur de son champ d'action institutionnel. La diversification technologique parait alors comme une nouvelle opportunité pour susciter la fertilisation croisée entre des applications marché et des thématiques complémentaires. Le nombre de projets réalisés depuis 2010 en lien avec pôle Aerospace Valley semble confirmer nos hypothèses en ce sens

Mini-clusters

Experimental results of mini-clusters observed in Chacaltaya emulsion chamber no.19 are summarized. The study was made on 54 single core shower upper and 91 shower clusters of E(gamma) 10 TeV from 30 families which are visible energy greater than 80 TeV and penetrate through both upper and lower detectors of the two-story chamber. The association of hadrons in mini-cluster is made clear from their penetrative nature and microscopic observation of shower continuation in lower chamber. Small P sub t (gamma) of hadrons in mini-clusters remained in puzzle