Hvilke pedagogiske repertoar er nødvendig å kunnskape om for å utvide rommet for annerledeshet i utdanningssystemet?

Jeg har vært sammen med barn som er annerledes hele mitt yrkes aktive liv. Mine år med stadig innblikk i andre måter å være på i verden gjør at jeg ikke lenger finner det tilstrekkelig å fortsette reproduksjonen av forståelsen av/for/med annerledes barn. Jeg har vært interessert i å finne flere mulige teoretiske innganger til mitt prosjekt slik at jeg kan få repertoar å tenke-føle-skrive annerledeshet forskjellig. I oppgaven viser jeg til ny kunnskapsproduksjon rundt hvem barn som er annerledes er og hvordan de oppfatter seg selv. Videreutviklingene av utdanningsløpet som dagens barn blir møtt med gjøres gjennom politiske føringer og styrende dokumenter. Jeg kjenner på et ubehag og uforståelighet overfor politiske system og de ulike utdanningsinstitusjonene jeg har jobbet og jobber ved. I oppgaven ønsker jeg å peke på og plassere noe av den uroen jeg kjenner på, dette gjør jeg ved å se nærmere på politiske dokumenter og muligheten de gir for å romme alle barn. Jeg har også valgt å bruke deler av pensumlitteraturen ved barnehagelærerutdanningen i Norge som data. Det gjør jeg for å kunne si noe om hva som ‘kunnskapes om’ i forhold til annerledeshet. For å få frem hvorfor disse rommene er så viktig at opprettholdes, strekkes og (igjen)skapes går jeg i dybden på autismespekterforstyrrelser og skriver ut egen levd praksis med barn som er annerledes og våre/deres møter med utdanningssystemet. De autoetnografiske historiene jeg forteller har på mange måter ledet meg til å skrive denne oppgaven og vist meg veien til undersøkelsene jeg gjør. Denne oppgaven kan derfor leses som en undersøkelse av rommene for å være annerledes i (utdanning)systemet fra styrende dokumenter til praksis, og hvordan profesjonsutøveren kan settes i stand til å ivareta rommene for annerledes barn.I have been with children who are different throughout my working life. My years of constant insight into other ways of being in the world mean that I no longer find it sufficient to continue the reproduction of the understanding of / for / with different children. I have been interested in finding several possible theoretical inputs to my project so that I can make a repertoire of thinking-feeling-writing about different in different ways. In the thesis I refer to new production of knowledge about children that are different and how they perceive themselves. The further development of the educational course today's children are met with is done through political guidelines and governing documents. I feel a discomfort and incomprehensibility towards political systems at the various educational institutions I have worked at. In the thesis I want to point out and place some of the unrest I feel. I do this by looking more closely at political documents and the opportunity they provide to accommodate all children. I have also chosen to use parts of the curriculum literature in the Kindergarten Teacher Education in Norway as data. I do this so that I will be able to say something about what the curriculum are “knowledging about” in relation to difference. To explain why it is so important that these rooms are maintained, stretched and - again - created, I go in depth on autism spectrum disorders and write my own lived practice with children who are different and our/their encounters with the education system. The autoethnographic stories I tell have in many ways led me to write this thesis, whilst at the same time, they have also shown me the way to the research I do. This assignment can therefore be read as an examination of the rooms to be different in the (education) system from governing documents - to practice, and how the professional can be enabled to take care of the rooms for children that are different.publishedVersio

A Prospective 30-Year Follow-Up of ADHD Associated With Perinatal Risks

OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal follow-up of ADHD suggests a poorer outcome in those affected. Studies extending to 30 years however are rare. We investigated the adult outcome of ADHD associated with perinatal risks (PRs), treated non-pharmacologically. METHOD: A study group of 122 participants (86 men, 36 women) with PR-associated ADHD was followed-up from birth and compared with a control group also prospectively studied. RESULTS: The study group showed more cognitive, motor perception, and learning impairments as well as psychiatric problems at ages 5, 9, and 16. At age 30, the study group reported less education, more involuntary job dismissals and more alcohol abuse. Self-reported ADHD symptoms were still prevalent in adulthood. CONCLUSION: ADHD symptoms persist and impair the long-term educational, occupational, and psychiatric outcome. ADHD in participants with PR appears to follow a course seen in studies of unselected ADHD.Peer reviewe

Diferencias entre medidas de protección y medidas cautelares de los artículos 75 y 243 del reglamento penitenciario español

 The object of this essay is to differentiate the protection measures adopted in the disciplinary procedure of those others that also could be adopted in other suppositions. The first measures are regulated in the art. 243 RP. The second measures, according to the article 75 RP only the Director of the Prison may adopt these measures to contain the convicts who might alter the daily coexistence and the safety in the prisions. These measures are going to be viewed by the article 243 RP, from the restrictions of the article 75 RP. Both possess a common nature and an instrumental only aim. The only difference between both legal articles is, in the first case of article 243 RP, the measures are adopted inside the punishment procedure. In the case of article 75 RP is really a key to protect the inmates safety of the attacks or to be protected from themselves. Nevertheless, the same guarantees do not exist when the restrictions are applied according to art. 75 RP. Restrictions that, in the event of 75.1 RP, have the same instrumental nature that protect with the measures of the art.243 RP. It is necessary to modify the juridical procedure of the art. 75 RP providing it with a few minimal guarantees according to the rules of proportionality and of juridical safety, and to control all of these circunstances by the penitentiary surveillance magistrate. El objeto de este trabajo es la diferenciación entre las medidas de protección adoptadas en el seno del procedimiento disciplinario de aquellas otras medidas que pueden adoptarse en otros supuestos. Las primeras se encuentran reguladas en el artículo 243 RP. Las segundas medidas, de acuerdo con el artículo 75 RP, solo podrán ser ordenadas por el Director de la prisión para impedir que los internos puedan alterar la seguridad y el buen orden de los establecimientos. Las medidas cautelares del artículo 243 RP y las limitaciones regimentales del artículo 75 RP poseen una naturaleza común en tanto que ambas figuras tienen una misma finalidad instrumental. La única diferencia entre ambas estaría en que las medidas cautelares del artículo 243 RP adoptan esa finalidad instrumental en el seno de un procedimiento sancionador, con todas aquellas garantías procedimentales que asisten al interno imputado. Sin embargo, estas mismas garantías no existen cuando se aplican las limitaciones regimentales del artículo 75 RP. Por todo ello es necesario modificar el régimen jurídico del art. 75 RP dotándolo de unas mínimas garantías acordes con los principios de seguridad jurídica y su obligado control por parte del Juez de Vigilancia Penitenciaria.The object of this essay is to differentiate the protection measures adopted in the disciplinary procedure of those others that also could be adopted in other suppositions. The first measures are regulated in the art. 243 RP. The second measures, according to the article 75 RP only the Director of the Prison may adopt these measures to contain the convicts who might alter the daily coexistence and the safety in the prisions. These measures are going to be viewed by the article 243 RP, from the restrictions of the article 75 RP. Both possess a common nature and an instrumental only aim. The only difference between both legal articles is, in the first case of article 243 RP, the measures are adopted inside the punishment procedure. In the case of article 75 RP is really a key to protect the inmates safety of the attacks or to be protected from themselves. Nevertheless, the same guarantees do not exist when the restrictions are applied according to art. 75 RP. Restrictions that, in the event of 75.1 RP, have the same instrumental nature that protect with the measures of the art.243 RP. It is necessary to modify the juridical procedure of the art. 75 RP providing it with a few minimal guarantees according to the rules of proportionality and of juridical safety, and to control all of these circunstances by the penitentiary surveillance magistrate

Adult neurobehavioral outcome of hyperbilirubinemia in full term neonates – a 30 year prospective follow-up study

Peer reviewe

ALS in Finland Major Genetic Variants and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With and Without the C9o7f72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion

Background and Objectives To analyze the frequencies of major genetic variants and the clinical features in Finnish patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with or without the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. Methods A cohort of patients with motor neuron disease was recruited between 1993 and 2020 at the Helsinki University Hospital and 2 second-degree outpatient clinics in Helsinki. Finnish ancestry patients with ALS fulfilled the diagnosis according to the revised El Escorial criteria and the Awaji-criteria. Two categories of familial ALS (FALS) were used. A patient was defined FALS-A if at least 1 first- or second-degree family member had ALS, and FALS-NP, if family members had additional neurologic or psychiatric endophenotypes. Results Of the 815 patients, 25% had FALS-A and 45% FALS-NP. C9orf72 expansion (C9pos) was found in 256 (31%) of all patients, in 58% of FALS-A category, in 48% of FALS-NP category, and in 23 or 17% of sporadic cases using the FALS-A or FALS-NP definition. C9pos or SOD1 p.D91A homozygosity was found in 328 (40%) of the 815 patients. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics between C9pos and patients with unknown cause of ALS (Unk). We found that the age at onset was significantly earlier and survival markedly shorter in the C9pos vs Unk patients with ALS. The shortest survival was found in bulbar-onset male C9pos patients, whereas the longest survival was found in Unk limb-onset males. Older age at onset associated consistently with shorter survival in C9pos and Unk patients in both limb-onset and bulbaronset groups. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of bulbar-onset and limbonset patients in C9pos and Unk groups. ALS-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was more common in C9pos (17%) than in Unk (4%) patients, and of all patients with ALS-FTD, 70% were C9pos. Discussion These results provide further evidence for the short survival of C9orf72-associated ALS. A prominent role of the C9orf72 and SOD1 variants was found in the Finnish population. An unusually high frequency of C9pos was also found among patients with sporadic ALS. The enrichment of these 2 variants likely contributes to the high incidence of ALS in Finland.Peer reviewe

Treatment Adherence as Predictor of Outcome in Concentrated Exposure Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Background: The treatment of choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is exposure and response prevention (EX/RP). Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment adherence predicts treatment outcome for patients with OCD, but there is little knowledge on its role in concentrated exposure treatment for OCD. Method: In the present study, 42 patients received EX/RP treatment using the Bergen 4-day format. Adherence was measured with the Exposure and Response Prevention Adherence Scale (PEAS, rated both by patients and therapists) after the second and third day. Treatment outcome (symptoms of OCD, depression, anxiety, work- and social functioning, and well-being) was assessed at 3-month follow-up. Results: At follow-up, 71.4% were in remission. High adherence was reported (mean score of 6 on a 1–7 scale). The combination of patient- and therapist rated adherence was significantly associated with treatment outcome whilst controlling for age, sex, and pre-treatment scores. Patients with higher degree of adherence reported less symptoms, higher functioning, and more well-being at follow-up. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that adherence in concentrated exposure treatment is significantly associated with a wide range of treatment outcomes for OCD.publishedVersio

Does Concentrated Exposure Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Improve Insomnia Symptoms? Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Insomnia is a substantial problem in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There is, however, a lack of studies investigating changes in concurrent symptoms of insomnia in OCD after concentrated treatment. A recent randomized controlled trial randomized participants to the Bergen 4-day treatment (B4DT, n = 16), or 12 weeks of unguided self-help (SH, n = 16), or waitlist (WL, n = 16). Patients from the SH- and WL-group who wanted further treatment after the 12 weeks were then offered the B4DT (total of 42 patients treated with the B4DT). There were no significant differences in symptoms of insomnia between the conditions at post-treatment, but a significant moderate improvement at 3-month follow-up for patients who received the B4DT. Insomnia was not associated with OCD-treatment outcome, and change in symptoms of insomnia was mainly related to changes in depressive symptoms. The main conclusion is that concentrated exposure treatment is effective irrespective of comorbid insomnia, and that insomnia problems are moderately reduced following treatment.publishedVersio

Impact of the bacterial nasopharyngeal microbiota on the severity of genus enterovirus lower respiratory tract infection in children: A case-control study

Introduction: Rhinoviruses (RV) and enteroviruses (EV) are among the main causative etiologies of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children. The clinical spectrum of RV/EV infection is wide, which could be explained by diverse environmental, pathogen-, and host-related factors. Little is known about the nasopharyngeal microbiota as a risk factor or disease modifier for RV/EV infection in pediatric patients. This study describes distinct nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles according to RV/EV LRTI status in children. Methods: Cross-sectional case-control study, conducted at Hospital Sant de Déu (Barcelona, Spain) from 2017 to 2020. Three groups of children <5 years were included: healthy controls without viral detection (Group A), mild or asymptomatic controls with RV/EV infection (Group B), and cases with severe RV/EV infection admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (Group C). Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from participants for viral DNA/RNA detection by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction and bacterial microbiota characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: A total of 104 subjects were recruited (A = 17, B = 34, C = 53). Children's nasopharyngeal microbiota composition varied according to their RV/EV infection status. Richness and diversity were decreased among children with severe infection. Nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles enriched in genus Dolosigranulum were related to respiratory health, while genus Haemophilus was specifically predominant in children with severe RV/EV LRTI. Children with mild or asymptomatic RV/EV infection showed an intermediate profile. Conclusions: These results suggest a close relationship between the nasopharyngeal microbiota and different clinical presentations of RV/EV infection.This project is supported by the Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III (Grant id. PI17/349). Cofunded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund “A way to make Europe”/“Investing in your future.”S