Rationing tests for drug-resistant tuberculosis - who are we prepared to miss?

BACKGROUND: Early identification of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) increases the likelihood of treatment success and interrupts transmission. Resource-constrained settings use risk profiling to ration the use of drug susceptibility testing (DST). Nevertheless, no studies have yet quantified how many patients with DR-TB this strategy will miss. METHODS: A total of 1,545 subjects, who presented to Lima health centres with possible TB symptoms, completed a clinic-epidemiological questionnaire and provided sputum samples for TB culture and DST. The proportion of drug resistance in this population was calculated and the data was analysed to demonstrate the effect of rationing tests to patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) risk factors on the number of tests needed and corresponding proportion of missed patients with DR-TB. RESULTS: Overall, 147/1,545 (9.5%) subjects had culture-positive TB, of which 32 (21.8%) had DR-TB (MDR, 13.6%; isoniazid mono-resistant, 7.5%; rifampicin mono-resistant, 0.7%). A total of 553 subjects (35.8%) reported one or more MDR-TB risk factors; of these, 506 (91.5%; 95% CI, 88.9-93.7%) did not have TB, 32/553 (5.8%; 95% CI, 3.4-8.1%) had drug-susceptible TB, and only 15/553 (2.7%; 95% CI, 1.5-4.4%) had DR-TB. Rationing DST to those with an MDR-TB risk factor would have missed more than half of the DR-TB population (17/32, 53.2%; 95% CI, 34.7-70.9). CONCLUSIONS: Rationing DST based on known MDR-TB risk factors misses an unacceptable proportion of patients with drug-resistance in settings with ongoing DR-TB transmission. Investment in diagnostic services to allow universal DST for people with presumptive TB should be a high priority

Juan Benet y el “Afuera”: una lectura blanchotiana

The aim of this article is to analyze Juan Benet’s work, in particular his novel Un viaje de invierno, under the perspective of the Blanchotian literary space and the Foucaultian thinking of the outside also developed from Maurice Blanchot’s theoretical proposals. This will be supported by some of Benet’s essays: “El ángel del Señor abandona aTobías”; “Un extempore”; “Op. Posth.”; and “Un ensayo: La deuda de la novela hacia el poema religioso de la antigüedad”. My main interest is to dissociate hermeneutics of Benet’s work from historical, political, and social aprioris which condition the perspectives of analysis and to propose a new exegetical approach centered on the reflection about the literary fact itself, about its close connection with death, and about the impossibility to experience the event itself unless it is as an absence, as a trace or footprint, all in all, about the uselessness of any memory or testimony.El propósito de este artículo es analizar la obra de Juan Benet, concretamente su novela Un viaje de invierno, bajo la perspectiva del espacio literario blanchotiano y el pensamiento del Afuera foucaltiano desarrollado a partir de los presupuestos teóricos de Maurice Blanchot. Nos apoyaremos, para tal tarea, en los siguientes ensayos de Benet: “Elángel del Señor abandona a Tobías”; “Un extempore”; “Op. Posth” y “Un ensayo: La deuda de la novela hacia el poemareligioso de la antigüedad”. La propuesta es desvincular la hermenéutica en torno a la obra benetiana de los presupuestos histórico-político-sociales que condicionan su perspectiva de análisis y elaborar una nueva aproximación exegética centrada en la reflexión acerca del propio hecho literario, de su estrecha relación con la muerte, de la imposibilidad de experimentar lo acontecimental salvo como ausencia, como rastro o huella y de la inutilidad de toda memoria o testimonio

La formación de niños productores de microrrelatos en Inglés a partir de la lectura en voz alta de textos narrativos

RESUMEN: Esta investigación narra del impacto de la lectura en voz alta de textos narrativos en la formación de niños productores de microrrelatos en inglés, durante su primer y segundo año de primaria en una institución privada bilingüe en Colombia. El proceso se realizó bajo el enfoque de la Investigación Acción Educativa y se sirvió de los productos escritos de los niños, el diario pedagógico de la investigadora y una encuesta realizada a los participantes. La investigación sugiere que la lectura en voz alta, en efecto, constituye el detonante para la escritura de microrrelatos y que, además, acerca al niño a las formalidades del código escrito.ABSTRACT: This research tells about the impact of reading narrative texts aloud in the nurture of children who write their own short stories in English, during their first and second grade in a private bilingual school in Colombia. The process was lead under the method action research in education and was enriched by children’s short stories, teacher’s log book and a survey participants took. The research suggests that reading aloud, in fact, triggers short stories writing, and furthermore, it familiarizes the child with the technical aspects of the written language

La responsabilidad social en Colombia, la evaluación de un estudio de caso en los Montes de María

Se puso en práctica el modelo de evaluación para la responsabilidad social GRI en el proyecto del acueducto de El Salado en los Montes de María, esto con el fin de analizar el proyecto en su teoría y lograr evaluar la responsabilidad social con ayuda de la Fundación Semana.The evaluation model for social responsibility GRI was implemented in the project of the aqueduct of El Salado in the Montes de María, in order to analyze the project in its theory and to achieve social responsibility evaluation all of this with the collaboration of Fundación Semana.Comunicador (a) SocialPregrad

La evolución en España de la regla de exclusión de la prueba obtenida de forma ilícita

El presente trabajo aborda un análisis sobre la evolución que ha tenido lugar en España sobre la regla de exclusión de las pruebas que han sido obtenidas ilícitamente, con el objetivo de conocer el tratamiento en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. Primero, se llevará a cabo una pequeña introducción sobre cuál es el objetivo de la actividad probatoria y como se ha establecido esta regla de exclusión probatoria en España. A continuación, hablaremos de los ámbitos de aplicación de esta regla y por último, trataremos las distintas teorías que han tenido lugar en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. <br /

Measurement of the top quark-pair production cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at \sqrt{s}=7\TeV

A measurement of the production cross-section for top quark pairs(\ttbar) in $pp$ collisions at \sqrt{s}=7 \TeV is presented using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in two different topologies: single lepton (electron $e$ or muon $\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least four jets, and dilepton ($ee$, $\mu\mu$ or $e\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets. In a data sample of 2.9 pb-1, 37 candidate events are observed in the single-lepton topology and 9 events in the dilepton topology. The corresponding expected backgrounds from non-\ttbar Standard Model processes are estimated using data-driven methods and determined to be $12.2 \pm 3.9$ events and $2.5 \pm 0.6$ events, respectively. The kinematic properties of the selected events are consistent with SM \ttbar production. The inclusive top quark pair production cross-section is measured to be \sigmattbar=145 \pm 31 ^{+42}_{-27} pb where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The measurement agrees with perturbative QCD calculations.Comment: 30 pages plus author list (50 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, CERN-PH number and final journal adde

Inclusive search for same-sign dilepton signatures in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

An inclusive search is presented for new physics in events with two isolated leptons (e or mu) having the same electric charge. The data are selected from events collected from p p collisions at root s = 7 TeV by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb(-1). The spectra in dilepton invariant mass, missing transverse momentum and jet multiplicity are presented and compared to Standard Model predictions. In this event sample, no evidence is found for contributions beyond those of the Standard Model. Limits are set on the cross-section in a fiducial region for new sources of same-sign high-mass dilepton events in the ee, e mu and mu mu channels. Four models predicting same-sign dilepton signals are constrained: two descriptions of Majorana neutrinos, a cascade topology similar to supersymmetry or universal extra dimensions, and fourth generation d-type quarks. Assuming a new physics scale of 1 TeV, Majorana neutrinos produced by an effective operator V with masses below 460 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. A lower limit of 290 GeV is set at 95% confidence level on the mass of fourth generation d-type quarks

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurement of inclusive two-particle angular correlations in pp collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

We present a measurement of two-particle angular correlations in proton- proton collisions at s√=900 GeV and 7 TeV. The collision events were collected during 2009 and 2010 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using a single-arm minimum bias trigger. Correlations are measured for charged particles produced in the kinematic range of transverse momentum p T  > 100 MeV and pseudorapidity |η| < 2.5. A complex structure in pseudorapidity and azimuth is observed at both collision energies. Results are compared to pythia 8 and herwig++ as well as to the AMBT2B, DW and Perugia 2011 tunes of pythia 6. The data are not satisfactorily described by any of these models