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Simulation de la fonte printanière au bassin des Eaux Volées, forêt Montmorency, Québec

Les auteurs présentent une étude sur la simulation de la période de fonte de la neige au bassin des Eaux Volées (forêt Montmorency) par le modèle SSARR. Si la reconstitution des débits moyens de la fonte printanière est acceptable, la sous-estimation des débits journaliers de pointe et la fonte rapide des années 1972, 1974, 1976, 1978 et 1980 ont poussé les auteurs à faire l'analyse des composantes hydro-climatiques reliées à ces événements. Cet examen a clairement établi que: 1) dans des conditions de temps relativement dégagé, la méthode de degré-jour utilisée évalue d'une façon acceptable l'écoulement ainsi que les débits de pointe journaliers; 2) Dans des conditions de type de temps cyclonique du sud, les effets combinés de la température et des précipitations accompagnés de flux de chaleur advective transportée par la masse d'air humide expliquent les coefficients de ruissellement élevés, la sous-estimation des débits de pointe et l'apparition des débits extrêmes. L'importance du flux thermique advective a été souligné et discuté.The snowmelt simulation periods in the Eaux Volées watershed are well computed when using the SSARR model, but the daily runoff simulations do not fall within an acceptable range. Analysis of related hydro-climatic components was necessary to explain the underestimates of daily peak flows and early snowmelt for the years 1972,1974,1976,1978 and 1980. The test has clearly established that: 1) under clear sky conditions the daily snowmelt and the peak flow simulations work well when using the degree-day method; 2) under overcast conditions the combined effects of rain, temperature, wind and advected warm air from southern cyclonic conditions account for the underestimated peak flows and the high runoff coefficients. The importance of the advective heat transfer is underlined in relation to flow forecasting

Wage losses in the year after breast cancer: Extent and determinants among Canadian women

This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below. © The Author 2008.Background - Wage losses after breast cancer may result in considerable financial burden. Their assessment is made more urgent because more women now participate in the workforce and because breast cancer is managed using multiple treatment modalities that could lead to long work absences. We evaluated wage losses, their determinants, and the associations between wage losses and changes for the worse in the family's financial situation among Canadian women over the first 12 months after diagnosis of early breast cancer. Methods - We conducted a prospective cohort study among women with breast cancer from eight hospitals throughout the province of Quebec. Information that permitted the calculation of wage losses and information on potential determinants of wage losses were collected by three pretested telephone interviews conducted over the year following the start of treatment. Information on medical characteristics was obtained from medical records. The main outcome was the proportion of annual wages lost because of breast cancer. Multivariable analysis of variance using the general linear model was used to identify personal, medical, and employment characteristics associated with the proportion of wages lost. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results - Among 962 eligible breast cancer patients, 800 completed all three interviews. Of these, 459 had a paying job during the month before diagnosis. On average, these working women lost 27% of their projected usual annual wages (median = 19%) after compensation received had been taken into account. Multivariable analysis showed that a higher percentage of lost wages was statistically significantly associated with a lower level of education (Ptrend = .0018), living 50 km or more from the hospital where surgery was performed (P = .070), lower social support (P = .012), having invasive disease (P = .086), receipt of chemotherapy (P < .001), self-employment (P < .001), shorter tenure in the job (Ptrend < .001), and part-time work (P < .001). Conclusion - Wage losses and their effects on financial situation constitute an important adverse consequence of breast cancer in Canada.The Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and Fondation de l’Université Laval

Cardiac protective effects of Moringa oleifera seeds in spontaneous hypertensive rats

BACKGROUND Hypertension is characterized by a maintained high blood pressure leading to cardiac complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis and an increased risk of heart failure and myocardial infarction. This study investigated the cardiac effects of oral administration of Moringa oleifera (MOI) seed powder in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS SHR received food containing MOI seed powder (750mg/d, 8 weeks) or normal food. In vivo measurement of hemodynamic parameters by telemetry and cardiac structure and function analysis by echocardiography were performed. Histological studies were performed to determine fibrosis and protein expression. RESULTS MOI treatment did not modify blood pressure in SHR but reduced nocturnal heart rate and improved cardiac diastolic function (reduction of isovolumetric relaxation time and deceleration time of the E wave, increase of ejection volume and cardiac output compared to nontreated SHR). Left ventricular anterior wall thickness, interseptal thickness on diastole, and relative wall thickness were reduced after MOI treatment. Furthermore, we found a significant reduction of fibrosis in the left ventricle of MOI-treated SHR. This antihypertrophic and antifibrotic effect of MOI was associated with increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and δ, reduced cardiac triglyceride level, and enhanced plasmatic prostacyclins. CONCLUSIONS Our data show a beneficial effect of MOI on the cardiac structure and function in SHR associated with an upregulation of PPAR-α and δ signaling. This study thus provides scientific rational support for the empirical use of MOI in the traditional Malagasy medicine against cardiac diseases associated with blood pressure overload

The shifting nature of women’s experiences and perceptions of ductal carcinoma in situ

Aim: This paper is a report of a descriptive qualitative study of the evolution of women’s perceptions and experiences of ductal carcinoma in situ from the period near to diagnosis to one year later. Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ is a non-invasive breast condition where cancer cells are detected but confined to the ducts of the breast. With treatment, the condition has a positive prognosis but ironically patients undergo treatment similar to that for invasive breast cancer. There is a lack of longitudinal qualitative research studying women’s experiences of ductal carcinoma in situ, especially amongst newly diagnosed patients and how experiences change over time. Methods: Forty-five women took part in an initial interview following a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ and twenty-seven took part in a follow-up interview 9-13 months later. Data were collected between January 2007 and October 2008. Transcripts were analysed using a hybrid approach to thematic analysis. Findings: Women’s early perceptions of ductal carcinoma in situ merged and sometimes conflicted with their lay beliefs of breast cancer. Perceptions and experiences of the condition shifted over time. These overriding aspects were evident within four themes identified across the interviews: 1) perceptions of DCIS versus breast cancer, 2) from paradox to acceptance, 3) personal impact, and 4) support and interactions with others. Conclusion: This study represents one of the few longitudinal qualitative studies with newly diagnosed patients, capturing women’s initial and shifting experiences and perceptions of the condition. The issues identified need to be recognised in clinical practice and supported appropriately

Alien Registration- Lauzier, Joseph (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/28339/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Lauzier, Joseph (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/28339/thumbnail.jp