1. Wochenbericht M93

6.2. – 10.2.2013 [METEOR M93 06.02.2013 - 10.03.2013 Östlicher Südpazifik

"Økosystemtilnærming og vurdering av samlet belastning ved åpning av nye områder for petroleumsvirksomhet."

Hovedproblemstillingen i denne oppgaven er hvilken betydning prinsippet om økosystemtilnærming og samlet belastning i naturmangfoldloven 10 vil ha i forbindelse med saksbehandlingen og den skjønnsmessige vurderingen av om nye områder skal åpnes for petroleumsvirksomhet etter petroleumsloven § 3-1

2. Wochenbericht M93

FS Meteor Fahrt 93 Wochenbericht 2 (11.02-17.02. 2013

Mortensrud kirke - et samarbeidsprosjekt?

Avhandlingen er en bygningshistorisk studie av Mortensrud kirke i bydel 9, Søndre Nordstrand i Oslo. Kirken er bygget av Jensen & Skodvin Arkitektkontor AS og ble vigslet i april 2002. Kirken har vakt mye oppmerksomhet både nasjonalt og internasjonalt og har allerede funnet sin plass i norsk arkitekturhistorisk litteratur på grunn av sin spesielle arkitektur og landskapsbehandling. Den blir betegnet som både nyskapende og tradisjonell. Kirken har en uvanlig planleggings- og prosjekteringsprosess. Det er denne prosessen og betydningen den har hatt for det arkitektoniske uttrykket det handler om i denne undersøkelsen. Dette har sin bakgrunn i nyere arkitekturhistorisk forskning som har begynt å interessere seg for ”hvordan” arkitektur skapes og hvilke aktører og beslutninger som er avgjørende for resultatet. Ved å se nærmere på historien rundt Mortensrud kirke ble det åpenbart at det var mye å hente ved å vinkle en studie mot prosessen. Ved å rekapitulere historien fra den frivillige menighetskomiteen ble stiftet i 1986 til kirken ble vigslet i 2002, har vi kunnet avdekke et komplisert og spennende samarbeid. Dette har vært mulig på grunn av tilgang til et omfattende arkivmateriale og intervjuer med nøkkelpersoner. En sterk og engasjert ung menighet fikk, på grunn av forskjellige omstendigheter, anledning til å forfølge sine visjoner. En uklarhet om EØS-reglene, da det skulle lyses ut arkitektkonkurranse om anlegget, førte til at det ikke ble noen konkurranse. Man måtte finne arkitekt på annen måte, og valgte å bruke Kirkelig Kulturverksted som rekrutteringsinstans. Dette skyldtes menighetens nære forbindelse til Kulturverkstedet, og tilliten til Kulturverkstedets evne til teambygging. Arkitekten ble valgt på grunnlag av intervju og tidligere verksliste, som viste en holdning til natur og omgivelser som kunne være svaret på kirketomtens utfordringer. Det viste seg å være et vellykket valg, Jan Olav Jensen er dristig og nytenkende, samtidig som han er lyttende og samarbeidsvillig. Det ble et nært og intenst samarbeid spesielt mellom menigheten, arkitekten og Kirkelig Kulturverksted. Men også andre personer og instanser har vært involvert. Det har vært uenighet og diskusjoner underveis, men dette har bidratt til å føre prosjektet fremover i stedet for å hemme det. Selv om menigheten i utgangspunktet nok hadde andre forestillinger om hvordan kirken skulle se ut, vant arkitekten frem med sitt grunnkonsept i form, materialer og landskapsbehandling. Han måtte gi etter for krav om endringer underveis, som har hatt betydning for det arkitektoniske men ikke rokket ved grunnkonsepet. Denne avhandlingen viser at Mortensrud kirke er resultat av et vellykket samarbeidsprosjekt

The electrical properties of pure and doped nanocyrstalline cerium oxide

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).by Erin Baker Lavik.M.S

The influence of long-term awareness of hyperlipidemia and of 3 years of dietary counseling on depression, anxiety, and quality of life

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the long- term effects of participation in a cardiovascular screening program and of dietary counseling on self-reported psychosocial outcomes and health concerns. Methods: High-risk subjects (n=563) with hyperlipidemia from the Oslo Diet and Antismoking Study (1972–1977) were reexamined after 25 years and randomly assigned to a new 3-year prospective 2×2 factorial placebo- controlled study in 1997 of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or dietary counseling. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Life Satisfaction Index (LSI), and a new questionnaire on health concerns and behavior in response to risk information were collected at the 25-year follow-up. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and LSI were evaluated at the end of the 3-year Diet and Omega-3 Intervention Trial on atherosclerosis (DOIT) in 505 subjects. Results: Twenty-five years after the screening program, HADS-anxiety was similar to the Norwegian norms (3.3 vs. 3.5), while HADS-depression was significantly lower (3.6 vs. 4.1, Pb.01). Patients reported that 25 years of awareness of hyperlipidemia had influenced health concerns through a moderate change in diet habits, some restriction in life conduct, but an improvement of the total life situation. After a novel 3-year intervention in DOIT, there was no difference between the dietary counseling and control group with regard to anxiety, depression, or life satisfaction, but HADS-anxiety increased significantly (4.0 vs. 3.3, Pb.001) in both groups. Conclusion: Compared to the general population, screening-positive subjects did not have increased mental distress 25 years after screening, and beneficial health behavior persisted. Dietary counseling did not affect psychosocial outcomes

The formation of a subsurface anticyclonic eddy in the Peru-Chile Undercurrent and its impact on the near-coastal salinity, oxygen and nutrient distributions

The formation of a subsurface anticyclonic eddy in the Peru-Chile Undercurrent (PCUC) in January and February 2013 is investigated using a multi-platform four-dimensional observational approach. Research vessel, multiple glider and mooring-based measurements were conducted in the Peruvian upwelling regime near 12°30'S. The dataset consists of > 10000 glider profiles and repeated vessel-based hydrography and velocity transects. It allows a detailed description of the eddy formation and its impact on the near-coastal salinity, oxygen and nutrient distributions. In early January, a strong PCUC with maximum poleward velocities of ∼ 0.25 m/s at 100 to 200 m depth was observed. Starting on January 20 a subsurface anticyclonic eddy developed in the PCUC downstream of a topographic bend, suggesting flow separation as the eddy formation mechanism. The eddy core waters exhibited oxygen concentrations < 1μmol/kg, an elevated nitrogen-deficit of ∼ 17μmol/l and potential vorticity close to zero, which seemed to originate from the bottom boundary layer of the continental slope. The eddy-induced across-shelf velocities resulted in an elevated exchange of water masses between the upper continental slope and the open ocean. Small scale salinity and oxygen structures were formed by along-isopycnal stirring and indications of eddy-driven oxygen ventilation of the upper oxygen minimum zone were observed. It is concluded that mesoscale stirring of solutes and the offshore transport of eddy core properties could provide an important coastal open-ocean exchange mechanism with potentially large implications for nutrient budgets and biogeochemical cycling in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru

Extensive nitrogen loss from permeable sediments off North-West Africa

The upwelling area off North-West Africa is characterized by high export production, high nitrate and low oxygen concentration in bottom waters. The underlying sediment consists of sands that cover most of the continental shelf. Due to their permeability sands allow for fast advective pore water transport and can exhibit high rates of nitrogen (N) loss via denitrification as reported for anthropogenically eutrophied regions. However, N loss from sands underlying naturally eutrophied waters is not well studied, and in particular, N loss from the North-West African shelf is poorly constrained. During two research cruises in April/May 2010/2011, sediment was sampled along the North-West African shelf and volumetric denitrification rates were measured in sediment layers down to 8 cm depth using slurry incubations with 15N-labeled nitrate. Areal N loss was calculated by integrating volumetric rates down to the nitrate penetration depth derived from pore water profiles. Areal N loss was neither correlated with water depth nor with bottom water concentrations of nitrate and oxygen but was strongly dependent on sediment grain size and permeability. The derived empirical relation between benthic N loss and grains size suggests that pore water advection is an important regulating parameter for benthic denitrification in sands and further allowed extrapolating rates to an area of 53,000 km2 using detailed sediment maps. Denitrification from this region amounts to 995 kt yr-1 (average 3.6 mmol m-2 d-1) which is 4 times higher than previous estimates based on diffusive pore water transport. Sandy sediments cover 50-60% of the continental shelf and thus may contribute significantly to the global benthic N loss

Responses of the coastal bacterial community to viral infection of the algae <i>Phaeocystis globosa</i>

The release of organic material upon algal cell lyses has a key role in structuring bacterial communities and affects the cycling of biolimiting elements in the marine environment. Here we show that already before cell lysis the leakage or excretion of organic matter by infected yet intact algal cells shaped North Sea bacterial community composition and enhanced bacterial substrate assimilation. Infected algal cultures of Phaeocystis globosa grown in coastal North Sea water contained gamma-and alphaproteobacterial phylotypes that were distinct from those in the non-infected control cultures 5 h after infection. The gammaproteobacterial population at this time mainly consisted of Alteromonas sp. cells that were attached to the infected but still intact host cells. Nano-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) showed similar to 20% transfer of organic matter derived from the infected C-13- and N-15-labelled P. globosa cells to Alteromonas sp. cells. Subsequent, viral lysis of P. globosa resulted in the formation of aggregates that were densely colonised by bacteria. Aggregate dissolution was observed after 2 days, which we attribute to bacteriophage-induced lysis of the attached bacteria. Isotope mass spectrometry analysis showed that 40% of the particulate C-13-organic carbon from the infected P. globosa culture was remineralized to dissolved inorganic carbon after 7 days. These findings reveal a novel role of viruses in the leakage or excretion of algal biomass upon infection, which provides an additional ecological niche for specific bacterial populations and potentially redirects carbon availability