Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of the Procedure-specific Risks of Thrombosis and Bleeding in General Abdominal, Colorectal, Upper Gastrointestinal, and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery

\ua9 2024 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.Objective: To provide procedure-specific estimates of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding after abdominal surgery. Background: The use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis represents a trade-off that depends on VTE and bleeding risks that vary between procedures; their magnitude remains uncertain. Methods: We identified observational studies reporting procedure-specific risks of symptomatic VTE or major bleeding after abdominal surgery, adjusted the reported estimates for thromboprophylaxis and length of follow-up, and estimated cumulative incidence at 4 weeks postsurgery, stratified by VTE risk groups, and rated evidence certainty. Results: After eligibility screening, 285 studies (8,048,635 patients) reporting on 40 general abdominal, 36 colorectal, 15 upper gastrointestinal, and 24 hepatopancreatobiliary surgery procedures proved eligible. Evidence certainty proved generally moderate or low for VTE and low or very low for bleeding requiring reintervention. The risk of VTE varied substantially among procedures: in general abdominal surgery from a median of <0.1% in laparoscopic cholecystectomy to a median of 3.7% in open small bowel resection, in colorectal from 0.3% in minimally invasive sigmoid colectomy to 10.0% in emergency open total proctocolectomy, and in upper gastrointestinal/hepatopancreatobiliary from 0.2% in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy to 6.8% in open distal pancreatectomy for cancer. Conclusions: VTE thromboprophylaxis provides net benefit through VTE reduction with a small increase in bleeding in some procedures (eg, open colectomy and open pancreaticoduodenectomy), whereas the opposite is true in others (eg, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and elective groin hernia repairs). In many procedures, thromboembolism and bleeding risks are similar, and decisions depend on individual risk prediction and values and preferences regarding VTE and bleeding

The first workshop towards the control of cestode zoonoses in Asia and Africa

Abstract The first workshop towards the control of cestode zoonoses in Asia and Africa was held in Asahikawa Medical University, Japan on 15 and 16 Feb 2011. This meeting was fully supported by the Asian Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Promotion Programs sponsored by the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education Japan (MEXT) for 3 years from 2010 to Akira Ito. A total of 24 researchers from 9 countries joined together and discussed the present situation and problems towards the control of cestode zoonoses. As the meeting was simultaneously for the establishment of joint international, either bilateral or multilateral collaboration projects, the main purposes were directed to 1) how to detect taeniasis/cysticercosis infected patients, 2) how to differentiate Taenia solium from two other human Taenia species, T. saginata and T. asiatica, 3) how to evaluate T. asiatica based on the evidence of hybrid and hybrid-derived adult tapeworms from Thailand and China, 4) how to evaluate T. solium and T. hyaenae and other Taenia species from the wild animals in Ethiopia, and 5) how to detect echinococcosis patients and 6) how to differentiate Echinococcus species worldwide. Such important topics are summarized in this meeting report

Timing of Major Postoperative Bleeding Among Patients Undergoing Surgery.

IMPORTANCE: Although major bleeding is among the most common and prognostically important perioperative complications, the relative timing of bleeding events is not well established. This information is critical for preventing bleeding complications and for informing the timing of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the timing of postoperative bleeding among patients undergoing surgery for up to 30 days after surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. Patients aged 45 years or older who underwent inpatient noncardiac surgery were recruited in 14 countries between 2007 and 2013, with follow-up until December 2014. Data analysis was performed from June to July 2023. EXPOSURE: Noncardiac surgery requiring overnight hospital admission. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome (postoperative major bleeding) was a composite of the timing of the following bleeding outcomes: (1) bleeding leading to transfusion, (2) bleeding leading to a postoperative hemoglobin level less than 7 g/dL, (3) bleeding leading to death, and (4) bleeding associated with reintervention. Each of the components of the composite primary outcome (1-4) and bleeding independently associated with mortality after noncardiac surgery, which was defined as a composite of outcomes 1 to 3, were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Among 39 813 patients (median [IQR] age, 63.0 [54.8-72.5] years; 19 793 women [49.7%]), there were 5340 major bleeding events (primary outcome) in 4638 patients (11.6%) within the first 30 days after surgery. Of these events, 42.7% (95% CI, 40.9%-44.6%) occurred within 24 hours after surgery, 77.7% (95% CI, 75.8%-79.5%) by postoperative day 7, 88.3% (95% CI, 86.5%-90.2%) by postoperative day 14, and 94.6% (95% CI, 92.7%-96.5%) by postoperative day 21. Within 48 hours of surgery, 56.2% of major bleeding events, 56.2% of bleeding leading to transfusion, 56.1% of bleeding independently associated with mortality after noncardiac surgery, 51.8% of bleeding associated with hemoglobin less than 7 g/dL, and 51.8% of bleeding associated with reintervention had occurred. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, of the major postoperative bleeding events in the first 30 days, more than three-quarters occurred during the first postoperative week. These findings are useful for researchers for the planning future clinical research and for clinicians in prevention of bleeding-related surgical complications and in decision-making regarding starting of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis after surgery

Cryptic diversity in hymenolepidid tapeworms infecting humans.

CC BY-NC-NDAn adult hymenolepidid tapeworm was recovered from a 52-year-old Tibetan woman during a routine epidemiological survey for human taeniasis/cysticercosis in Sichuan, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 showed that the human isolate is distinct from Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis nana, the common parasites causing human hymenolepiasis. Proglottids of the human isolate were unfortunately unsuitable for morphological identification. However, the resultant phylogeny demonstrated the human isolate to be a sister species to Hymenolepis hibernia from Apodemus mice in Eurasia. The present data clearly indicate that hymenolepidid tapeworms causing human infections are not restricted to only H. diminuta and H. nana

Cryptic diversity in hymenolepidid tapeworms infecting humans

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ap--/python-seabreeze: v2.5.0

<h2>What's Changed</h2> <ul> <li>fix build with cython 3.0 by @ap-- in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/210</li> <li>zenodo batch by @ap-- in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/212</li> <li>Drop Python 3.7 by @ap-- in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/219</li> <li>SR2 support by @ap-- in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/220</li> </ul> <p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/compare/v2.4.0...v2.5.0</p&gt

ap--/python-seabreeze: v2.6.0

<h2>What's Changed</h2> <ul> <li>thermo_electric feature to the list of feature classes in NIRQUEST512 by @magnium in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/223</li> <li>Add SR6 support by @knaugh in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/230</li> </ul> <h2>New Contributors</h2> <ul> <li>@magnium made their first contribution in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/223</li> <li>@knaugh made their first contribution in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/230</li> </ul> <p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/compare/v2.5.0...v2.6.0</p&gt

ap--/python-seabreeze: v2.9.0

<h2>What's Changed</h2> <ul> <li>Add network support for HDX by @hperrey in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/243</li> <li><code>seabreeze.use</code> can now be called after all imports</li> </ul> <h2>New Contributors</h2> <ul> <li>@hperrey made their first contribution in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/243</li> </ul> <p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/compare/v2.8.0...v2.9.0</p&gt

ap--/python-seabreeze: v2.8.0

<h2>What's Changed</h2> <ul> <li>Basic HR2 support by @gabrielbenedikt in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/242</li> <li>Support for HR4 by @MicheleCotrufo in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/244</li> </ul> <h2>New Contributors</h2> <ul> <li>@gabrielbenedikt made their first contribution in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/242</li> <li>@MicheleCotrufo made their first contribution in https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/pull/244</li> </ul> <p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: https://github.com/ap--/python-seabreeze/compare/v2.7.0...v2.8.0</p&gt