The Influence of Different Obturation Systems on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Roots. An in Vitro Study

This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots filled by different obturation systems. Material and methods: Ninety-six upper central incisors were used and decoronated, retaining 12 mm of the roots. On the basis of obturation systems, the roots were divided into 4 groups (n=24): Group1 (COGR): control group (unprepared, unfilled), Group 2 (AVGR): ActiV GP points/ActiV GP sealer, Group3 (GPGR): Gutta percha points/AH plus sealer, and Group4 (GAGR): Gutta percha points/ActiV GP sealer. The last three groups were obturated with the single cone technique. The roots were then stored in 100% relative humidity at 37 °C for 2 weeks. A vertical compressive force was exerted with a universal testing machine until a fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results: Mean (SD) failure loads for groups ranged from 920.51 ± 210.37 to 1113.44 ± 489.42 N. The fracture resistance between the different study groups indicated no statistical difference. Conclusions: ActiV GP system did not exert a significant effect on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth

The Use of Multimedia Material of Teaching Modern Mathematics

The world today is witnessing acceleration in all areas of science and knowledge, and the explosion of the third revolution, the so-called technological revolution. And the emergence of a new era the era of electronics and communications, led to obvious changes in all aspects of daily life. It will need to be on education systems to respond to these events, and attempt to put the principles and criteria for the selection of teaching methods appropriate for the renewal of education, and create a learning environment. The modern education must be compatible with changes that occur, where they can develop cognitive abilities and skills of the learner, which are difficult to develop by the traditional education system. This is what made us think in a new way of teaching mathematics to ninth grade in middle school in Iraq and the use of information technology and communications. The many students lack imagination, cognition, perception and analysis. The need working in this research on the use of information and communication technology through the design of the system contains the multimedia and interactive games designed to support the educational process and to overcome the difficulties faced by students. In addition to make mathematics from the world of rigid into a world full of movement and creativity. Where the design of this application by using a special methodology supports multimedia called Multimedia Designs and Planning Pyramid (MUDPY). That contributed to the provide requirements of the user (Teacher \ Student) very well, where they were to reach these results through data collection and process of the questionnaire to the user, after the tested the system and evaluated by the user (Teacher \ Student). This has given great support to this study and makes them take a new dimension in the educational process, where it has borne the idea of expanding this experience and use in other sciences

Magnetic Flow Meter Testing

With funding from the US Bureau of Reclamation, California – Great Basin Region (Region 10) and the California Department of Water Resources (Agreement No. 4600011908), the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Irrigation Training & Research Center (ITRC) conducted testing on 4-inch and 10-inch spool-type magnetic flow meters ( also known as mag meters and electromagnetic flow meters) from six manufacturers (12 meters total). The testing was performed to assess the effects of various hydraulic conditions on meter accuracy

Testing of Two 10-inch Insertion Propeller Flow Meters

With funding from the US Bureau of Reclamation, California – Great Basin Region (Region 10), the Cal Poly Irrigation Training & Research Center (ITRC) conducted flow measurement accuracy testing on two 10-inch insertion (strap-on saddle) McCrometer Water Specialties propeller flow meters. Both meters were new and recently purchased by Westlands Water District. One of the meters is shown in Figure 1. Testing was performed at the ITRC Water Resources Facility (WRF) using the ITRC volumetric tank as the standard flow rate measurement for all tests. The ITRC volumetric tank was calibrated with the NIST1-traceable ITRC gravimetric tank using a linear regression analysis

Case Study: Flow Measurement and Control in Walker River Irrigation District

Walker River Irrigation District (WRID) is located in Nevada around the community of Yerington and contains approximately 95,000 hectares (235,000 acres), 32,000 hectares (80,000 acres) of which are irrigated. The district operates a canal system centered around the three forks of the Walker River. Starting in 2009, the district has worked with the Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC) to modernize its system by improving the accuracy of the measured diversions from the Walker River and enhancing the real-time control capabilities of the water managers. A “package” was developed for the headworks of canals diverting water from the river, consisting of a combination of the following based on site conditions: a Replogle flume for flow measurement, a self-contained motorized slide gate(s) in a district-standard configuration, a remote terminal unit (RTU) for automatic control of the slide gate(s) and communication with the office base station in Yerington (SCADA), an ITRC flap gate and modifications to the existing spill structure, sediment control features, and off-grid solar power for the entire site. To date, variations of the package have been successfully applied at over ten sites throughout the district, with more sites in progress and planned for the future. Modifications to the initial package have been made over the last eight years to reflect advances in technology, challenges found at completed sites, as well as additional needs identified at the sites. The district plans on continuing the modernization based on the success of the program to date

Case Study: Modernization of the Walker River Irrigation District

The Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC) and Walker River Irrigation District (WRID) collaborated on the modernization of WRID with support from the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of Interior in Carson City, Nevada. This paper presents an update to the USCID case study that was presented in 2014 on the initial proposed plan for improving water gauges throughout WRID. There has been phased implementation of the initial proposed plan as well as modification and expansion of that plan. The initial scope of work for system improvements was developed by ITRC in 2009 following field investigations and engineering analyses of existing WRID infrastructure and operational procedures. The initial plan identified twenty primary sites for water gauge improvement and provided strategic engineering recommendations for new hardware, control equipment, and flow measurement devices for the sites, as well as water management strategies and integration of a new SCADA system for the entire district. Additionally, the plan prioritized the order of engineering implementation and automation recommendations and provided planning-level cost estimates. Over the following eight years, ITRC has assisted WRID in organizing implementation, including site-specific designs as well as updating hardware and control equipment recommendations to align with current technology. To date, twelve of the original twenty sites have been implemented. Twenty additional sites have been identified, fourteen of which have already been implemented. Additionally, up to six buffer reservoir sites located throughout the district are currently being developed

Magnetic Flow Meter Testing and the Effect of Upstream Chemical Injection on Meter Performance

With funding from the US Bureau of Reclamation, California – Great Basin Region (Region 10), the Cal Poly Irrigation Training & Research Center (ITRC) performed testing on magnetic flow meters to examine issues related to upstream chemical injection. Two sets of tests were completed: • Meter Accuracy Testing – This testing determined the flow measurement accuracy of ten (10×) meters. Previously, all the meters had been installed in irrigation pipelines immediately downstream of chemical injection and showed significant fluctuations in flow measurement readings. • Upstream Chemical Injection Testing – This testing quantified the variability of flow rate measurements at various rates of upstream chemical injection. The testing revealed that significant flow measurement fluctuations can occur when a chemical is being injected into irrigation water upstream of a magnetic flow meter. This is believed to occur due to non-uniform and rapidly changing fluid properties in the liquid flowing through the meter. While small injections at low to medium frequency resulted in minimal fluctuations, large, continuous injections resulted in significant (≥50%) fluctuations. In fully mixed solutions of chemicals and irrigation water, fluctuations were negligible. The magnetic flow meters that were tested are described in Table 1. The layout, procedures, and results of both tests are found in the body of this report

Testing of Two 10-inch Insertion Magnetic Flow Meters

With funding from the US Bureau of Reclamation, California – Great Basin Region (Region 10), the Cal Poly Irrigation Training & Research Center (ITRC) conducted flow measurement accuracy testing on two 10-inch insertion (saddle-mount) McCrometer Mc Mag3000 magnetic flow meters. The meters were two of 360 new meters that were purchased by Westlands Water District. One of the meters is shown in Figure 1. Testing was performed at the ITRC Water Resources Facility (WRF) using the ITRC gravimetric (weigh) tank as the standard flow rate measurement for all tests. The ITRC gravimetric tank has a NIST1-traceable uncertainty of ±0.1 percent (refer to ITRC Paper No. P 2020-0012 for further information)

Winegrape Vineyards and Winery Operations: Energy Efficiency/ Sustainability and Expansion

Southern California Edison (SCE) provides utility services to the greater southern California area. Vineyards and wineries exist throughout the region, and historical data suggests that that they largely do not utilize incentive programs offered by the utility. As the first phase in a larger study, the Irrigation Training & Research Center (ITRC), located at the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, completed a characterization of the vineyard and winery sector as it pertains to energy and water usage in SCE’s service area, including the following major tasks: Identification of vineyard and winery demographics in SCE’s service area. Identification of sustainability and expansion issues in the vineyard and winery industry in California as they pertain to energy and water usage, and investigation of the extent to which the issues impact the industry. This includes an estimation of energy and water usage by the wine industry. Identification of currently utilized, currently under-utilized, and potential measures used by the industry and incentives offered by the utility (SCE) for energy and water conservation