Analysis of interaction of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Pseudomonas stutzeri and Ttrichoderma harzianum with oxidoreductases

The research was conducted within the framework of the project B21UZB-018 (MRB-2021-554) financially supported by Belarusian Republican Foundation of Basic Investigations.The purpose of this work is to obtain silver nanoparticles (NPs) using Pseudomonas stutzeri and Trichoderma harzianum and analyze the effect on the activity of cholesterol oxidases and glucose oxidases. As a result of the experiments, it was shown that NPs in various concentrations have both stimulating and depressing effects on the activity of these enzymes

Cosmic Ray Investigation in the Stratosphere and Space: Results from Instruments on Russian Satellites and Balloons

Selected activities aimed to investigate cosmic ray fluxes and to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms behind, over a long-time period using space research tools in the former USSR/Russia and Slovakia, are reviewed, and some of the results obtained are presented. As the selection is connected with the institutes where the authors are working, it represents only a partial review of this wide topic

TEC evidence for near-equatorial energy deposition by 30-keV electrons in the topside ionosphere

Observations of energetic electrons (10 - 300 keV) by NOAA/POES and DMSP satellites at heights <1000 km during the period from 1999 to 2010 allowed finding abnormal intense fluxes of ~10^6 - 10^7 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 for quasi-trapped electrons appearing within the forbidden zone of low latitudes over the African, Indo-China, and Pacific regions. Extreme fluxes appeared often in the early morning and persisted for several hours during the maximum and recovery phase of geomagnetic storms. We analyzed nine storm-time events when extreme electron fluxes first appeared in the Eastern Hemisphere, then drifted further eastward toward the South-Atlantic Anomaly. Using the electron spectra, we estimated the possible ionization effect produced by quasi-trapped electrons in the topside ionosphere. The estimated ionization was found to be large enough to satisfy observed storm-time increases in the ionospheric total electron content determined for the same spatial and temporal ranges from global ionospheric maps. Additionally, extreme fluxes of quasi-trapped electrons were accompanied by the significant elevation of the low-latitude F-layer obtained from COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 radio occultation measurements. We suggest that the storm-time ExB drift of energetic electrons from the inner radiation belt is an important driver of positive ionospheric storms within low-latitude and equatorial regions.Comment: 44 pages, 15 figures, JGR-accepted on 5 July 201

Energetic particle influence on the Earth's atmosphere

This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere/mesosphere through the stratosphere and troposphere, to the surface. The paper summarizes the different sources and energies of particles, principally galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and energetic electron precipitation (EEP). All the proposed mechanisms by which EPP can affect the atmosphere are discussed, including chemical changes in the upper atmosphere and lower thermosphere, chemistry-dynamics feedbacks, the global electric circuit and cloud formation. The role of energetic particles in Earth’s atmosphere is a multi-disciplinary problem that requires expertise from a range of scientific backgrounds. To assist with this synergy, summary tables are provided, which are intended to evaluate the level of current knowledge of the effects of energetic particles on processes in the entire atmosphere

The use of transdermal therapeutic systems for chemical pleurodesis in a patient with prolonged air leakage after lung resection for cancer

This clinical observation demonstrates a method of a motivated use of a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) based on fentanyl for chemical pleurodesis in a patient with prolonged air leakage after lung resection for cancer. The most common complication after elective lung resections is an alveolar-pleural fistula or prolonged air leakage. This clinical phenomenon occurs as a result of communication between the alveoli of the lung parenchyma distal to the segmental bronchus and the pleural cavity. In most cases, air leakage through the drains is eliminated spontaneously, but the frequency of prolonged pneumostasis absence in the postoperative period can reach 25 %, which has a negative effect on the outcomes of surgical interventions due to the development of pneumonia and empyema. Long-term drainage of the pleural cavity does not always end with aerostasis and requires repeated invasive interventions. One of the ways to achieve the tightness of the lung tissue involves various methods of chemical pleurodesis, which is a surgical manipulation – the introduction of a sclerosing chemical substance into the pleural cavity by spraying medical talc through a trocar or a injecting tetracycline solution into the pleural drains. The chemical causes aseptic inflammation and adhesions between the visceral and parietal pleura, followed by obliteration of the pleural cavity. The sclerosant introduction is accompanied by severe pain that can provoke respiratory and/or hemodynamic deficits, up to apnea and life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances. Pain relief during chemical pleurodesis is obviously an important factor in the prevention of a number of complications in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer. Bolus intravenous injections of narcotic analgesics lead to an analgesic effect, but a short-term one due to the absence of a depot in the body and a sharp drop in the drug concentration in the blood serum. Unfortunately, this method of introducing narcotic drugs can cause various complications in weakened and elderly cancer patients, such as respiratory depression and cardiac arrest. The TTS action is characterized with continuous dosing and the creation of a constant concentration of the narcotic drug over a certain period of time. This method provides a multilevel and systematic approach to pain relief, reduces toxicity and minimizes the inhibition of the central mechanisms of external respiration regulation without causing respiratory and cardiac disorders in patients who underwent lung resection

Sequential bronchoplastic lobectomies in complex treatment for synchronous bilateral multiple primary non-small cell lung cancer: a rare clinical case

Today, lung cancer (LC) occupies a special place in the oncological general morbidity among the male population both in Russia and in foreign countries. Despite modern diagnostic capabilities provided for modern physicians, steadily frequent cases of triggering and exclusion are more common in patients older than 60–65 years. Surgery is the main treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but as the disease progresses, unfortunately, its effectiveness decreases. The strategy of diagnosing and treating patients with one NSCLC has been developed and worked out for a long time and does not cause any difficulties, but in the presence of two or more tumors, especially when they are located in both lungs, the correct choice of therapy is determined by many additional factors. This article describes the rare use of extended bronchoplastic upper lobectomy as a surgical component of the complex treatment of a patient with bilateral synchronous NSCLC. Based on our own observational data, it can be claimed that the use of modern therapeutic principles in combination with surgical intervention allows achieving satisfactory long-term results in the treatment of patients with primary multiple NSCLC.The interest of the presented observation is based on the fact that it contains a description of a rare and unique application of sequential extended bronchoplastic upper lobectomy as a surgical component of the complex treatment of a patient with bilateral synchronous NSCLC, which we have not found analogues in the literature. We have shown that the consistent use of modern therapeutic modalities makes it possible to achieve satisfactory long-term results in the treatment of a locally advanced disease

Lung cancers biomarkers

More than 1.8 million of new cases of lung cancer (LC) are registered each year worldwide. LC is the leading cause of cancer death in both developing and developed countries, and the 5 years survival rate is as low as 19 %. Many factors explain such unsatisfactory outcomes, including the LC diagnosis at an advanced stage, when the currently available treatments can rarely provide cure. Biomarkers are used to assess the development risks, screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis, and to personalize the LC treatment. Clinical use of biomarkers is essential for the identification of a high-risk group for screening for LC and differentiating early LC from benign pulmonary lesions. Current trends in the development of LC biomarkers involve the integration of molecular biomarkers with clinical and radiological characteristics using artificial intelligence for the development of imaging biomarkers, and using highly sensitive technologies such as next-generation sequencing for molecular research. LC biomarkers are now at all stages of development, from discovery to clinical trials requiring high-quality clinical validation. Reliable biomarkers are especially needed to differentiate malignant and benign lesions in the lung tissue and to identify those at greatest risk of developing lung cancer. Scientific advances in understanding LC have led to the development of biomarkers that demonstrate sufficient accuracy in clinical validation studies. Promising trends in the development of LC biomarkers include highly sensitive and increasingly accessible NGS and radiomics technologies, along with the use of easily collected biomaterials, which in combination with other tumor characteristics contribute to the development of biomarkers for assessing the LC development risks, diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis and personalized therapy. This review focuses on the development, current application, and future trends in the use of LC biomarkers

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ НЕОАДЬЮВАНТНОЙ ХИМИОТЕРАПИИ НЕМЕЛКОКЛЕТОЧНОГО РАКА ЛЕГКОГО (НМРЛ)

The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC still remains unclear. It may be useful in the treatment of resectable NSCLC like in other solid tumors. Only prospective studies will answer this question. Determination of optimal candidates for comparative studies of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy in practice is a challenge. The best approach for patients with I and II stages of NSCLC is to provide combined treatment including surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, and for patients with borderline resectable tumors with stages IIB, IIIA, but with minimal or without involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes is to provide neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For today, traditional ways of improving chemotherapy of NSCLC are exhausted, however, in connection with the development of recombinant cytokines (available for Phase I clinical trials), it opened real possibilities for clinical research on the development and evaluation of methods of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy of NSCLC.Роль неоадьювантной ХТ НМРЛ   до настоящего времени остается  неопределенной.  Подобно другим солидным опухолям она может оказаться полезной, в лечении ограниченно операбельного  НМРЛ, в результате  воздействия  которой поддающегося  радикальному  ХЛ, без положительных надежд в отношении улучшения выживаемости, сравнительно с адьювантной ХТ. Только проспективные исследования  дадут ответ на этот вопрос. Тем не менее,  определение  оптимальных кандидатур для сравнительных исследований  предоперационной  и послеоперационной ХТ на практике является непростой задачей.  Оптимальный подход заключается в том, чтобы пациентам с I и II ст.  НМРЛ проводилось комбинированное лечение, включающее операцию и адьювантную ХТ, а больным с так называемым ограниченно операбельным опухолевым процессом  IIВ-IIIА ст., но минимальным или сомнительным вовлечением медиастинальных лимфатических узлов неоадъювантную  ХТ. Следует признать очевидный факт, что на данный момент традиционные пути совершенствования  ХТ НМРЛ  в значительной мере исчерпаны, однако, в связи с разработкой  доступных для фазы клинических испытаний рекомбинантных цитокинов, открылись реальные возможности для проведения  клинических исследований  по разработке  и оценке эффективности методик неоадьювантной химиоиммунотерапии НМРЛ