Une innovation en contentieux administratif français: la protection des libertés fondamentales par la procédure du référé-liberté

Une innovation en contentieux administratif français: la protection des libertés fondamentales par la procédure du référé-libert

América latina: el estado de las ciencias sociales.

En esta ponencia se introducen temas que son relevantes a la sociología especialmente aplicada en América Latina. También se observa un auge de temas culturales, unas mutaciones de violencia en sus diferentes formas, un gran desarrollo de flujos y redes tradicionales. Además el autor trata de enfatizar en los diferentes movimientos como: la globalización, identidad en América latina, migraciones transnacionales, socialismo del siglo XXI (con Chávez) y por último el movimiento de los Latinos en EE.UU

Solving the stationary Liouville equation via a boundary element method

Intensity distributions of linear wave fields are, in the high frequency limit, often approximated in terms of flow or transport equations in phase space. Common techniques for solving the flow equations for both time dependent and stationary problems are ray tracing or level set methods. In the context of predicting the vibro-acoustic response of complex engineering structures, reduced ray tracing methods such as Statistical Energy Analysis or variants thereof have found widespread applications. Starting directly from the stationary Liouville equation, we develop a boundary element method for solving the transport equations for complex multi-component structures. The method, which is an improved version of the Dynamical Energy Analysis technique introduced recently by the authors, interpolates between standard statistical energy analysis and full ray tracing, containing both of these methods as limiting cases. We demonstrate that the method can be used to efficiently deal with complex large scale problems giving good approximations of the energy distribution when compared to exact solutions of the underlying wave equation

Du social au territorial, du territorial au social : l'Etat, l'industrie de la chaussure et les districts en France au XXème siècle.

Communication présentée au XVème Congrès International d'Histoire Economique à Utrecht (Pays-Bas) le 5 août 2009.La problématique des districts industriels (expression prise ici au sens large) a surgi au cœur des sciences humaines et sociales lorsque la crise économique des années 1970, et les décennies de dépression consécutives, ont fait vaciller le modèle du gigantisme industriel fordien. Les pouvoirs publics des pays développés et, pour ce qui nous intéresse, les français, ont cherché des alternatives et des remèdes à travers un intérêt renouvelé porté aux PME et aux territoires industrialisés dédiés à des productions spécifiques. Dans la longue durée, cette dimension n'est pas nouvelle, puisqu'elle vient s'inscrire dans l'histoire du rôle mobilisateur auquel s'astreint l'Etat durant le XXe siècle en matière économique et sociale. La question posée ici est celle des voies suivies par l'action publique en matière de mobilisation des ressources ; l'approche se fera à travers l'exemple d'une industrie, celle de la chaussure, qui a connu de manière plus ou moins parallèle ou successive, c'est selon, le développement de deux types de configurations : des concentrations géographiques de PME (Fougères, Romans, Limoges, Cholet, etc.), des concentrations usinières et en groupes (les Chaussures André, etc.). Nous montrerons que l'Etat dans sa recherche d'institutions partenaires, pour assurer sa prise sur l'économie, s'avère dans l'obligation impérative de prendre en compte les reconfigurations du système productif, sans forcément y réussir

Relaxation Tribometry: A Generic Method to Identify the Nature of Contact Forces

Recent years have witnessed the development of so-called relaxation tribometers, the free oscillation of which is altered by the presence of frictional stresses within the contact. So far, analysis of such oscillations has been restricted to the shape of their decaying envelope, to identify in particular solid or viscous friction components. Here, we present a more general expression of the forces possibly acting within the contact , and retain six possible, physically relevant terms. Two of them, which had never been proposed in the context of relaxation tribometry, only affect the oscillation frequency, not the amplitude of the signal. We demonstrate that each of those six terms has a unique signature in the time-evolution of the oscillation, which allows efficient identification of their respective weights in any experimental signal. We illustrate our methodology on a PDMS sphere/glass plate torsional contact

Detection of deterministic transient signals in white Gaussian noise by statistical analysis of similarity matrix coefficients

International audienceOver the past decades, recurrence plot analysis has become a popular tool for analyzing dynamical systems. As recurrence plots show different patterns that depend on the state of the system (random, deterministic, chaotic), several approaches have been proposed in the literature to quantify and distinguish between these different states. Most of existing methods rely on metrics called recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), to decide whether the time series is random or deterministic. In this presentation, we propose a new detection scheme that only relies on the analysis of the statistical distribution of the similarity matrix coefficients, to decide whether the measured signal is a white Gaussian noise or a deterministic transient. Our hypothesis is that if the measured time series is a white Gaussian noise, then the similarity matrix coefficients will follow a certain distribution, whereas if the measured time series contains a deterministic transient, the similarity matrix coefficients will follow another distribution.First, we make some analytical development to derive the mathematical expressions of the expected distribution for the similarity matrix coefficients, when the input signal is a white Gaussian noise. Then, we compare this analytic distribution with the empirical distribution obtained for a given unknown measured signal. This comparison is equivalent to a goodness-of-fit test and is achieved using divergence measures. Finally, the value of this divergence measure is compared to a detection threshold in order to decide whether the analytical and empirical distributions look alike or not, and so if the measured signal is a noise only or deterministic.The performances of the proposed detector are assessed by use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Deterministic signals to be detected are pure cosine and impulses. Influences of parameters like the embedding m, the similarity measure and the divergence measure on the performances are discussed. Finally, the proposed detector is compared with that of the energy detector and the matched filter detector, which are commonly used is signal processing. Results of this performance analysis shows that the proposed detector outperforms the energy detector, giving a probability of detection 10% to 50% higher, and has a similar performance to that of a matched-filter detector

Contamination levels of human pharmaceutical compounds in French surface and drinking water.

International audienceThe occurrence of 20 human pharmaceutical compounds and metabolites from 10 representative therapeutic classes was analysed from resource and drinking water in two catchment basins located in north-west France. 98 samples were analysed from 63 stations (surface water and drinking water produced from surface water). Of the 20 human pharmaceutical compounds selected, 16 were quantified in both the surface water and drinking water, with 22% of the values above the limit of quantification for surface water and 14% for drinking water). Psychostimulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, iodinated contrast media and anxiolytic drugs were the main therapeutic classes of human pharmaceutical compounds detected in the surface water and drinking water. The results for surface water were close to results from previous studies in spite of differences in prescription rates of human pharmaceutical compounds in different countries. The removal rate of human pharmaceutical compounds at 11 water treatment units was also determined. Only caffeine proved to be resistant to drinking water treatment processes (with a minimum rate of 5%). Other human pharmaceutical compounds seemed to be removed more efficiently (average elimination rate of over 50%) by adsorption onto activated carbon and oxidation/disinfection with ozone or chlorine (not taking account of the disinfection by-products). These results add to the increasing evidence of the occurrence of human pharmaceutical compounds in drinking water that may represent a threat to human beings exposed to a cocktail of human pharmaceutical compounds and related metabolites and by-products in drinking water

Direct numerical simulation of the dynamics of sliding rough surfaces

The noise generated by the friction of two rough surfaces under weak contact pressure is usually called roughness noise. The underlying vibration which produces the noise stems from numerous instantaneous shocks (in the microsecond range) between surface micro-asperities. The numerical simulation of this problem using classical mechanics requires a fine discretization in both space and time. This is why the finite element method takes much CPU time. In this study, we propose an alternative numerical approach which is based on a truncated modal decomposition of the vibration, a central difference integration scheme and two algorithms for contact: The penalty algorithm and the Lagrange multiplier algorithm. Not only does it reproduce the empirical laws of vibration level versus roughness and sliding speed found experimentally but it also provides the statistical properties of local events which are not accessible by experiment. The CPU time reduction is typically a factor of 10.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures, accepted versio

Whistle source levels of free-ranging beluga whales in Saguenay-St. Lawrence marine park

International audienceWild beluga whistle source levels (SLs) are estimated from 52 three-dimensional (3D) localized calls using a 4-hydrophone array. The probability distribution functions of the root-mean-square (rms) SL in the time domain, and the peak, the strongest 3-dB, and 10-dB SLs from the spectrogram, were non-Gaussian. The average rms SL was 143.8 +- 6.7 dB re 1microPa at 1m. SL spectral metrics were, respectively, 145.8 +- 8 dB, 143.2 +-7.1 dB, and 138.5 +-6.9 dB re 1 microPa. 1microPa / Hz at 1m