Rates of referable eye disease in the Scottish National Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programme

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An Investigation of Teacher/Pupils Ratios on the Internal Efficiency Indicators of Mvomero District and Morogoro Municipality

This study investigated the Teacher/Pupils Ratios on the Internal Efficiency Indicators of Mvomero District and Morogoro Municipal. Five objectives were set; the Teacher Pupils Ratio for remote and peripheral schools compared to urban schools against internal efficiency parameters such as, the dropout rate, the transition rate, the pass rate, and the repetition rates. Methodologically both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for data collection and analysis. Focused group discussions (FGD), semi–structured interviews, questionnaires and unpublished documentary reviews were used as instruments for data collection. The results of this study show that there are wide TPR between Morogoro urban 1:48 and Mvomero district 1:58; concerning dropout rates there are differences between Morogoro Municipality and Mvomero district schools. In terms of repetition rate the findings indicate that there is difference of 15 per cent between Morogoro urban with an average of 37 per cent in Mvomero district schools with an average of 22 per cent for Morogoro municipality schools. The transition rate shows that there is a lower transition rate in Mvomero district schools of 62 per cent compared to Morogoro Municipality of 82 per cent. The pass rate in Mvomero district schools was 74 per cent compared to Morogoro urban schools of 96 per cent. The remotely located schools in Mvomero are not attractive to teachers because they lack essential services as indicated in the text. It is recommended that the Government provide hardship allowances or the schools advertise the vacancies so that those who apply are those prepared to live and work in the remote and peripheral locations

Emergency Fish Restoration Project; Final Report 2002.

Lake Roosevelt is a 151-mile impoundment created by the construction of Grand Coulee Dam during the early 1940's. The construction of the dam permanently and forever blocked the once abundant anadromous fish runs to the upper Columbia Basin. Since the construction of Grand Coulee Dam in 1943 and Chief Joseph Dam in 1956 this area is known as the blocked area. The blocked area is totally dependant upon resident fish species to provide a subsistence, recreational and sport fishery. The sport fishery of lake Roosevelt is varied but consists mostly of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) Small mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) and white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Currently, Bonneville Power Administration funds and administers two trout/kokanee hatcheries on Lake Roosevelt. The Spokane Tribe of Indians operates one hatchery, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife the other. In addition to planting fish directly into Lake Roosevelt, these two hatcheries also supply fish to a net pen operation that also plants the lake. The net pen project is administered by Bonneville Power funded personnel but is dependant upon volunteer labor for daily feeding and monitoring operations. This project has demonstrated great success and is endorsed by the Colville Confederated Tribes, the Spokane Tribe of Indians, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, local sportsmen associations, and the Lake Roosevelt Forum. The Lake Roosevelt/Grand Coulee Dam area is widely known and its diverse fishery is targeted by large numbers of anglers annually to catch rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, small mouth bass and walleye. These anglers contribute a great deal to the local economy by fuel, grocery, license, tackle and motel purchases. Because such a large portion of the local economy is dependant upon the Lake Roosevelt fishery and tourism, any unusual operation of the Lake Roosevelt system may have a substantial impact to the economy. During the past several years the Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement project has been collecting data pertaining to fish entraining out of the lake through Grand Coulee Dam. During 1996 and 1997 the lake was deeply drawn down to accommodate the limited available water during a drought year and for the highly unusual draw-down of Lake Roosevelt during the critical Northwest power shortage. The goal of the project is to enhance the resident rainbow trout fishery in Lake Roosevelt lost as a result of the unusual operation of Grand Coulee dam during the drought/power shortage

Longitudinal Analysis of Adiponectin through 20-Year Type 1 Diabetes Duration

Little information exists on the trajectory and determinants of adiponectin, a possible insulin sensitizer and marker for inflammation and endothelial function, across the duration of type 1 diabetes. The Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study followed an incident cohort ≤30 years of age when diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during 1987–1992 up to 20-year duration. Adiponectin was concurrently and retrospectively (from samples frozen at −80°C) measured for those participating in a 20-year exam (n=304), during 2007–2011. Adiponectin levels were higher in females, declined through adolescence, and increased with age thereafter. Lower levels were associated with greater body weight and waist circumference and with higher insulin dose, especially at longer diabetes durations. Higher levels were associated with higher HbA1c and, at longer durations, with higher albumin-creatinine ratio. Adiponectin levels showed consistency within individuals that was not explained by these factors. We conclude that markers for insulin resistance are associated with lower adiponectin, and markers for potential microvascular complications are associated with higher adiponectin. The previously reported relationship with HbA1c remains largely unexplained. Additional individual specific factors likely also influence adiponectin level. The relationship between adiponectin and urinary protein excretion may enable identification of those predisposed to kidney disease earlier in type 1 diabetes

Formar a cuidadores profesionales para que sepan informar sobre los cambios cognitivos en personas con discapacidad intelectual

By age 60, 60% of adults with Down syndrome (DS) have dementia. Detecting dementia in persons with intellectual disability (ID) can be challenging because their underlying cognitive impairment can confound presentation of dementia symptoms and because adults with ID may have difficulty reporting symptoms. The National Task Group Early Detection Screen for Dementia (NTG-EDSD) was developed to aid detection of report of cognitive impairment in adults with ID. We implemented an educational curriculum using the NTG-EDSD and evaluated the impact of the intervention on professional caregivers’ self-assessed capacity to identify persons with ID and dementia. We held five in-person training sessions for professional caregivers of persons with ID, partnering with various managed care organizations and social services agencies. We assessed knowledge and attitudes at baseline; immediately after training; and 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after training. A total of 154 direct care workers, case managers, health-care providers, and other social services staff attended the trainings. Satisfaction with the NTG-EDSD training was high; 94% of attendees agreed or strongly agreed that they could use the NTG-EDSD with their clients. After training, attendees reported a marked increase in confidence in their ability to track various health circumstances and detect functional decline in their clients, although some gains were not sustained over time: a booster trainings may be necessary.A los 60 años, el 60% de los adultos con síndrome de Down (SD) muestran signos de demencia propia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Detectarla puede resultar problemático porque el deterioro cognitivo subyacente puede ser confundido con la propia discapacidad intelectual (DI) y porque los adultos con discapacidad intelectual pueden tener dificultades para informar de los síntomas. Para ayudar a detectarla y poder informar oportunamente, se desarrolló el instrumento National Task Group Early Detection Screen for Dementia (NTG-EDSD) (del que hay una versión en español). Organizamos sesiones de formación para cuidadores y profesionales de la atención con el fin de que se familiaricen en el uso de este instrumento, y así identifiquen a tiempo los signos de deterioro cognitivo y funcional, a partir de una línea de base. Los participantes en estas sesiones mostraron su satisfacción con el programa que les permitió mejorar su capacidad de seguimiento y detección de los diversos síntomas, si bien admitieron que su capacidad podía disminuir con el tiempo y mostraron la necesidad de recibir sesiones de refuerzo