Effects of Copper Sulfate on Benthic Algae; A Laboratory Experiment

Copper sulfate is applied in inland waters as a management tool to control phytoplankton and the snails associated with the condition of schistiosome dermatitis. Application rates to control algae and snails range from 1.0 mg/l to 25.0 mg/l of copper sulfate, respectively. Previous studies have focused on a variety of aspects of this practice, however, few have determined the effects of copper sulfate treatments on benthic algae. Therefore, a short-term laboratory experiment was executed. Algal communities were established in laboratory microcosms using sediment and water collected from Muskegon Lake, Michigan. Microcosms were assigned to one of four treatments: control 0, 1.0 mg/l, 10.0 mg/l, or 25 mg/l of copper sulfate. After 48-hours, chlorophyll a, total dissolved copper, cell density, and community structure were determined. Chlorophyll a declined significantly due to copper, however, algal densities did not. The differences in measured responses may be due to sediment adsorption or duration of the experiment

Characterization of the Temporomandibular Joint of Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis).

The structure-function relationship of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of southern sea otter has largely not been described. This study aims to describe the histological, biochemical, and biomechanical features of the TMJ disk in the southern sea otter. The TMJ disks from fresh cadaver heads of southern sea otter adult males (n = 8) and females (n = 8) acquired from strandings were examined. Following macroscopical evaluation, the TMJs were investigated for their histological, mechanical, and biochemical properties. We found that the sea otter TMJ disks are, in general, similar to other carnivores. Macroscopically, the TMJ disk was highly congruent, and the mandibular head was encased tightly by the mandibular fossa with a thin disk separating the joint into two compartments. Histologically, the articular surfaces were lined with dense fibrous connective tissue that gradually transitioned into one to two cell thick layer of hyaline-like cartilage. The disk fibers were aligned primarily in the rostrocaudal direction and had occasional lacuna with chondrocyte-like cells. The disk was composed primarily of collagen type 1. Biochemical analysis indicates sulfated glycosaminoglycan content lower than other mammals, but significantly higher in male sea otters than female sea otters. Finally, mechanical analysis demonstrated a disk that was not only stronger and stiffer in the rostrocaudal direction than the mediolateral direction but also significantly stronger and stiffer in females than males. We conclude that the congruent design of the TMJ, thin disk, biochemical content, and mechanical properties all reflect a structure-function relationship within the TMJ disk that is likely designed for the sea otter's hard diet and continuous food intake

Anatomía, Fisiología y Patología del Big Data. Reflexiones informático-clínicas en tres tomos

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer un análisis sobre los principios, funcionamiento y desafíos futuros del Big Data, desde la perspectiva de la Minería de Datos, haciendo una descripción informático-clínica en tres tomos. El Tomo I versará sobre la anatomía del Big Data, en tren de buscar una forma de diseccionarlo en sus conceptos fundamentales. Por su parte, el Tomo II será una descripción de su fisiología, para poder descubrir su funcionamiento a la luz de las tareas de la Minería de Datos. Finalmente, el Tomo III pondrá la lupa sobre las patologías del Big Data, entendiéndolas como nuevos desafíos a ser superados con las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información

Nella gloriosissima esaltazione dell'illustrissimo, e reverendissimo sig. co. canonico Lodovico Calini al vescovado di Crema Sonetto in cui s'allude alla scala, e bandiera stemma gentilizio dell'illustriss. casa / [Alessio Leale]

In Brescia : dalle stampe di Giacomo Turlino, 1731 1 foglio ; 54 cm Note Nome dell'A. in calce Fregi e iniziale xilogr

Taller-tutorial: Recolección, procesamiento y análisis de datos en Twitter

Las redes sociales son un medio importante para procesar información. Twitter, es una de las más poderosas para compartir, amplificar y sondear opiniones. En su política de privacidad puede leerse: “Lo que se publica en Twitter puede verse en todo el mundo de manera instantánea. ¡Eres lo que tuiteas!”. Esta frase promueve la idea de que cada tuit tiene el objetivo implícito de ser un “grito al mundo”. Motivado por estas posibilidades, la presente propuesta de Tutorial-Taller está orientado especialmente a los investigadores en las Ciencias Sociales que consideren necesarios la recopilación y el análisis de los datos provenientes de Twitter.Facultad de Informátic

Comparison between thermophilic and mesophilic aerobic biological treatment of a synthetic organic waste

Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting microbial activity and consequently is of great importance in a biological waste treatment system. Extensive research has been carried out to determine the effects of temperature on biological reactions in the temperature range of 20° to 35° Centigrade. It is generally agreed that the reaction rate increases by a factor of two to three for each ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature within this range. There has, however, been very little research to determine temperature effects in the range of 35° to 60° Centigrade. Therefore it was deemed necessary to determine the effect of temperature on aerobic biological treatment of an organic waste in the temperature range of 20° to 60° Centigrade. The impetus motivating this research is the need for a treatment process capable of immediate treatment of high temperature wastes such as some canning wastes and pulp and paper wastes, without prior cooling. At present the thermal energy from high temperature wastes is dissipated by use of cooling towers or other cooling devices. If it is possible to use the thermal energy to increase the decomposition rates in a treatment process, then of course it is desirable to do so. To evaluate the feasibility of high temperature treatment it was imperative to devise a method or means by which to compare the organic removal rates and treatment efficiencies at the various temperatures. To make these comparisons it was necessary to determine at the various temperatures the maximum rate of oxygen demand, the efficiency of organic removal, the quantity and forms of nitrogen being discharged in the effluent, the net solids produced, and the settling characteristics of the sludge. To compare treatment efficiencies at the various temperatures the following tests and determinations were performed: 1. Suspended Solids 2. Chemical Oxygen Demand 3. Nitrogen 4. Oxygen Upptake 5. Type of Growth 6. Settling Characteristics The conclusions drawn from these tests results are as follows: 1. The biochemical activity rate as measured by oxygen uptake increased from 20° to 45°C. The rate dropped rapidly as the temperature was increased above 45°C. 2. The COD removal efficiency was above 90% for the entire range. 3. The net solids production decreased as temperature was increased from 25° to 50°C. 4. Clarification is difficult at temperatures above 35°C. 5. Nitrification does not take place above 40°C. 6. The purification rate can be increased tremendously by increasing the temperature from 20°C to 45°C. 7. High temperature treatment appears to be readily adaptable to dispersed growth systems. However, thermophilic treatment does not appear to be applicable to treatment systems which require solids removal because of the poor settling characteristics

Effectiveness of Telecoaching and Music Therapy in Neurological Disorders: A Narrative Review and Proposal for a New Interventional Approach

Neurological disorders represent a significant challenge for healthcare systems, necessitating innovative and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches. These disorders often lead to difficulties in various aspects of daily life, including physical functioning, mental health, and quality of life (QoL). Telecoaching (TC) and Music Therapy (MT) are two emerging modalities that may provide valuable support for individuals with these conditions. This narrative review aims to analyse recent studies investigating the efficacy of TC and MT in this population. A total of 23 studies were included in this narrative review. These studies indicate that TC positively affects physical functioning and adherence to intervention programs, with participants reporting improvements in gait and balance, as well as a reduction in postural instability and fall rates. Similarly, MT has shown promising outcomes in decreasing anxiety and sleep disorders while enhancing cognitive and emotional well-being. Integrating TC and MT into treatment approaches offers a promising alternative for improving QoL and overall well-being. However, further research is needed to consolidate the evidence and optimize the implementation of these interventions in clinical practice. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and comparative evaluations to further clarify the role of TC and MT in the treatment of neurological disorders, as well as their long-term effects

Impact of High-Dose Sodium Supplementation Intake on Hydration Status

New sports supplements with high amounts of sodium have started showing up on the market; thus, research examining how large-dose sodium intake affects cycling performance is necessary. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a high dose of sodium on hydration measures during a 2-hour cycling bout in a hot (30°C) and humid (60% relative humidity) environment. METHODS: Nine recreationally active participants (6 males, 3 females; age = 22.22 ± 1.99yrs; weight = 79.93 ± 18.78 kg) completed 2-hours of cycling in an environmental chamber on two separate occasions with at least one week between trials. Participants were instructed to maintain their heart rate (HR) between 55-65% of their heart rate reserve (HRR). Participants were randomly given a large-dose sodium supplement (810mg sodium/serving) before one trial. After mixing the supplement in 532ml of water, participants drank 266ml 1 hour pre-trial; consuming the remainder within the first hour of cycling. Pre- and post-cycling urine samples and body mass measurements were collected to determine acute hydration status. Any urine following the pre- sample was collected in a urine volume container. Fluid intake was recorded every 30 minutes during cycling. At 120-minutes, participants completed a 2.5-minute cooldown and were instructed to remove wet clothing and towel off excess sweat before body mass was measured. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze differences between condition and time. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) were calculated for all data. Significance level was set at p\u3c05. RESULTS: For all time points and between conditions, there were no significant differences found for urine specifc gravity (Usg) or body mass pre- to post-cycling (p\u3e0.05). Pre-cycling averages for Usg were 1.018 ± 0.009 (supplement group) and 1.013±0.004 (control). Post-cycling averages for Usg were 1.019 ± 0.009 (supplement group) and 1.024 ± 0.029 (control). CONCLUSION: Large doses of sodium do not appear to significantly impact hydration status, as compared to the non-supplement trial. Although not significant, participants in the control group appeared to undergo further dehydration while the supplement group appears to maintain their hydration status, as evidenced by the minimal change in Usg pre-post

Impact of High-Dose Sodium Supplementation on Cardiovascular and Thermoregulatory Responses

Proper sodium intake can help maintain plasma sodium levels, prevent plasma volume reduction, and improve performance, but specific guidelines on high dosages remain unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a large dose sodium supplement before submaximal cycling on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses in a hot and humid environment. METHODS: Nine participants (6 males, 3 females; age = 22.22 ± 1.99 yrs; weight=79.93 ± 18.78 kg) completed both trials. Using a randomized, crossover design, participants consumed no supplement (control) at one trial and one with a large-dose sodium supplement (experimental, 810mg sodium/serving). After mixing the supplement in 532ml of water, participants drank 266ml 1 hour before the trial; consuming the rest within the first hour of cycling. During each visit, subjects cycled for 2-hours, maintaining their heart rate (HR) between 55-65% of their heart rate reserve in an environmental chamber set to 38°C and 60% relative humidity. Pre-, every 30-minutes during, and post-exercise, HR (bpm), blood pressure (mean arterial pressure [MAP]), and core temperature (Tc; °C). Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze differences between condition and time. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) were calculated for all data. Significance level was set at p\u3c05. RESULTS: Between conditions, there were no significant differences found (p\u3e0.05) for any variables. No significant differences for any time point occurred for Tc. For time, pre-HR was significantly lower than all time-points during exercise (p\u3c0.001). Pre-MAP was significantly lower than 30- (p=0.001), 60- (p=0.022), 90- (p=0.007), and 120-min (p=0.020) MAP. Pre-exercise average MAP in the supplement group was 88.65±6.27 and 88.17±4.94 in the control. 30-minutes into cycling, average MAP in the supplement group was 105.11 ± 8.84 vs. 101.7 ± 7.62 mmHg (control); 60min: experimental: 97.67 ± 5.91, control: 102.67 ± 10.17; 90min: experimental: 102.44 ± 11.04, control: 101.14 ± 8.43; and 120min: experimental: 98.68 ± 9.78, control: 100.17 ± 8.18 mmHg. CONCLUSION: A large dose sodium supplement consumed 1 hour before and during the first hour of exercise, does not negatively effect cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses in recreationally trained adults

Predicting crop phenology: A simple logistic regression model approach

Crop yield prediction plays a central role in the agricultural planning and decision-making processes. In this paper, we analyze the phenology as a crucial aspect of this topic. We propose a simple model to predict phenology groups on maize and wheat crops at the field-level in Argentina. Our model uses logistic regression and includes photoperiod as an explanatory variable, which is very simple to calculate taking into account latitude and date as input. A large number of data records are used to obtain accurate results. Our model has been tested with over 77% accuracy for both crops. It was also benchmarked with Random Forest, which gives comparable results. However, our study shows that a very simple approach could be used with logistic regression, with very little loss of performance. Our model obtains phenology groups and also performs well with certain critical phenology stages for both crops. Our study aims to provide a simple and effective method for predicting phenology, which can be an aid to crop prediction and for farmers to make accurate decisions. Our work emphasizes the simplicity of the model, the use of a large number of data records, and the inclusion of the photoperiod as an input variable