Voluntary disclosure of Value Chain in Financial Reports of Companies Brazilian Capital Open

Managing the value chain with the aim to achieve competitive advantage in relation to their competitors and in order to reduce costs has become increasingly important for business organizations. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether Brazilian organisations listed on Sao Paulo´s Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) publish information relating to value chain management in their financial reports. In addition, this research aims to investigate the potential relationtionship between evidentiation of this information and two independent variables, gross margin and number of pages. Content Analysis was adopted in the management report and report notes of the year 2011. The analysis was based on the strategic cost management framework developed by Wrubel et al. (2010). The sample selected includes the ten largest non financial organizations, according to their total assets. Despite the fact that publishing the value chain management is not compulsory, it was observed that the businesses studied present on average 30 sentences regarding the topic in their reports. The category internal and external value chain activities represents 54.58% of the total sentences found. It has been found that there is a significant positive correlation between the amount of sentences disclosed and page number of reports, however, it was found that the same does not occur when attempted to correlate the gross margin. As a consequence, the hypothesis that gross margin could be a motivation for higher volume of information regarding value chain was not confirmed

Pre-operative sera levels of CEA and CA19-9 and tissular distribution of tumor marker CA19-9 in colorectal carcinoma: correlation with morphological features of neoplasia

OBJETIVO: Comparar os níveis séricos de CA19-9 e CEA e a expressão tecidual do CA19-9 e relacioná-los com os aspectos morfológicos do carcinoma colorretal. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco pacientes com carcinoma colorretal foram operados com coleta de CEA e CA19-9 séricos pré-operatórios. Valores séricos de CEA = 5,0ng/mL e de CA19-9 = 37UI/mL foram considerados aumentados. A avaliação da imunoexpressão do CA19-9 no tecido neoplásico foi realizada por meio de estudo imunoistoquímico com anticorpo monoclonal anti-CA19-9. A intensidade de expressão do CA19-9 no tecido neoplásico foi semiquantificada em leve(+/+++), moderada(++/+++), intensa(+++/+++) e ausente. RESULTADOS: Os valores do CA19-9 sérico foram progressivamente maiores conforme o aumento da expressão do CA19-9 no tecido neoplásico, porém sem significância (p=0,06). O aumento do nível sérico do CA19-9 foi acompanhado de elevação significante (p<0,001) do nível sérico do CEA. O nível sérico do CA19-9, a imunoexpressão tecidual do CA19-9 e o nível sérico do CEA não apresentaram associação significante com características morfológicas do carcinoma colorretal. CONCLUSÃO: As expressões sérica e tissular do CA19-9 demonstraram relação diretamente proporcional entre si, enquanto que os aspectos morfológicos da neoplasia não tiveram influência no CEA e CA19-9 séricos ou na imunoexpressão do CA19-9 tissular.OBJECTIVE: To compare sera levels of CEA and CA19-9 and tissular expression of the CA19-9 and to correlate these with morphological features of the colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: Forty five patients with colorectal carcinoma underwent surgical treatment following measurement of pre-operative levels of CA19-9 and CEA. Sera levels of CEA = 5.0ng/ml and CA19-9 = 37UI were deemed high values. Evaluation of CA19-9 immunoexpression in neoplastic tissue was carried through by means of immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody anti-CA19-9. The intensity of expression of CA19-9 in neoplastic areas was semi-quantified in each area of tumor differentiation into mild(+/+++), moderate(++/+++), intense(+++/+++) or absent. RESULTS: Sera CA19-9 values were progressively higher in the presence of elevated CA19-9 immunoexpression in colorectal carcinoma tissue, although not significant (p=0.06). Increased sera CA19-9 levels were found to be associated with significantly elevated (p<0.001) sera CEA levels. Levels of sera CA19-9, tissular immunoexpression of CA19-9 and sera levels of CEA presented no significant association with morphological features of the colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Sera and tissular levels of the CA19-9 marker exhibited, each other, a directly proportional relationship. The morphological features of the neoplasia had no influence on sera CEA or CA19-9 levels or tissular immunoexpression of CA19-9

Effects of a 10 km race on physiological and immunological responses

Introduction: The number of 10 km running races has been increasing in Brazil and the number of finishers almost triplicated in the last decade. However, there is limited amount of data showing the relationship between this event and the immune system response. Aim: Investigate the effects of a 10 km running race on physiological and immunological response in healthy well trained male volunteers. Methods: Fourteen male participants (32,21 ± 10,24 years old, 78,80 ± 9,30 kg) took part in this study. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), visual analog scale (VAS), heart rate (HR) and blood samples were taken before, immediately and 24 hours after the race. Lactate, glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as leukocyte number and subpopulation of T cell (CD4+ and CD8+) were analyzed. Results: Participants completed this race in 49,85 ± 7,04 min. There was a significant increase post-race compared to pre-race for HR (67 ± 9 to 159 ± 21 bpm), RPE (6 ± 0 to 15 ± 2) and lactate (3.6 to 6.6 mmol/dL). Glucose levels did not present any significant changes. CK level did not change immediately after the race, but was higher (131,21 ± 62,50 to 286,85 ± 234,35 U/L ) at the 24 h post-race time point. CRP was lower at 24 h (8,37 ± 2,23 to 4,50 ± 2,28 mg/dL). VAS values changed from 0 (before) to 5,64 ± 2,20 (immediately after) to 2,21 ± 2,86 (24 hours). The number of circulating leukocyte (5,83 ± 0,89 to 9,15 ± 1,77 103/µL), neutrophil (2,96 ± 0,49 to 4,34 ± 0,73 103/µL), lymphocyte (2,21 ± 0,57 to 3,92 ± 1,27 103/µL), monocyte (0,46 ± 0,10 to 0,64 ± 0,23 103/µL) and basophil (0,05 ± 0,02 to 0,09 ± 0,03 103/µL) increased significantly immediately after the race, returning to the basal level in 24 h. There was no difference in circulating eosinophils number. The absolute number of CD4+ (828,5 ± 215,8 to 1063,2 ± 235,3 cell/µL) and CD8+ (766,92 ± 347,79 to 1470,30 ± 782,90 cell/µL) also increased immediately after the race returning to basal in 24 h. Significant reduction of the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulation ratio (1,21 ± 0,45 to 0,85 ± 0,33 cell/µL) was observed post-race returning to basal level at 24 h post-race. Results are presented as mean ± SD. (p\u3c0,0001). Conclusion: These results suggest that a 10 km running race is an intense physical activity and induces physiological changes. In addition, intense running provokes a significantly, although transient, modulation of the immune system, specifically of leukocyte sub-population

Expression of ck-19, galectin-3 and hbme-1 in the differentiation of thyroid lesions: systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis

Background: To distinguish between malignant and benign lesions of the thyroid gland histological demonstration is often required since the fine-needle aspiration biopsy method applied pre-operatively has some limitations. in an attempt to improve diagnostic accuracy, markers using immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques have been studied, mainly cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 (HBME-1). However, current results remain controversial. the aim of the present article was to establish the diagnostic accuracy of CK-19, Gal-3 and HBME-1 markers, as well as their associations, in the differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid lesions.Methods: A systematic review of published articles on MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library was performed. After establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 66 articles were selected. the technique of meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy was employed and global values of sensitivity, specificity, area under the summary ROC curve, and diagnostic odds ratio (dOR) were calculated.Results: for the immunohistochemistry technique, the positivity of CK-19 for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid lesions demonstrated global sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 73%; for Gal-3, sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 81%; and for HBME-1, sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 83%. the association of the three markers determined sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 97%, and diagnostic odds ratio of 95.1. Similar results were also found for the immunocytochemistry assay.Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the three immunomarkers studied are accurate in pre- and postoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Nevertheless, the search for other molecular markers must continue in order to enhance this diagnostic accuracy since the results found still show a persistency of false-negative and false-positive tests.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fac Med ABC, Dept Biochem, Santo Andre, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biochem, São Paulo, BrazilFac Med ABC, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Santo Andre, BrazilFac Med ABC, Med Sch Students, Santo Andre, BrazilFac Med ABC, Dept Hematol & Oncol, Santo Andre, BrazilAlbert Einstein Jewish Hosp, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biochem, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

A Contribuição dos Museus para a Institucionalização e Difusão da Paleontologia.

Since the calls “cabinets of curiosities", the essence of natural history was consolidating itself with the birth of the museums and the development of the Museums of Natural History. This consolidation was reached through following activities: expeditions, field trips, collection classification works, catalogues of diffusion of scientific knowledge, educativ activities and expositions. The present paper intends to discuss the importance of the museal institutions for the studies of Paleontology; since the museums of Natural History had exerted a pioneering paper in the institutionalization of certain areas of knowledge, as Palaeontology, Anthropology and Experimental Physiology, in Brazil. The Paleontological studies in museums had collaborated in the specialization and modernization of the appearance of "new museum idea". As this new concept the museum is a space of diffusion of scientific knowledge, represented as an object that reflects the identity of the society without an obligator linking with physical constructions. However, the Brazilian museums have been sufficientlyobsolete, with problems that involve acquisition and maintenance of collections to production of temporary or permanent exhibitions. When the Brazilian institutions of natural history are analyzed they are not organized on the new museum conception and the digital age as the North American and European ones. Despite the difficulties found by the Museums since its birth as Institution in the 18th century, the contemporary development of Museology and Palaeontology as Science had contributed for the consolidation and institutionalization of both, helping the diffusion of scientific knowledge

Transcendental Ground, Difference and Time Revolution: Kant, Deleuze’s Enemy and Ally

The aims of this paper is to discuss the main points in which Deleuze sees Kant's thought as an enemy and an ally, especially in the problem of difference. The purpose of this article is to discuss the main points in which Deleuze sees Kant's thought as an enemy and an ally, especially in the problem of difference. The approach will be concentrated in the work Difference and Repetition, which houses the main discussions to develop the question of how Deleuze takes Kantian philosophy as an enemy, but which must be explored until the moment in which it finds itself strange. This is a procedure typical of the Deleuzian method of “subverting” the thoughts of philosophers that are taken, in the first place, as philosophies to be explored to the maximum extent. In this case, the subversion of Kantianism consists in assuming it as the inaugurator of the thought of representation in modernity with the creation of the ground in the transcendental; to expose the insufficiency of this thought when thematizing difference; and explore the reversal of time promoted by Kant, as one of the greatest contributions to the problem of difference in thought.O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os principais pontos em que Deleuze encara o pensamento de Kant como inimigo e aliado, especialmente no problema da diferença. A abordagem estará concentrada na obra Diferença e repetição, que abriga as discussões principais discussões para desenvolver a questão de como Deleuze toma a filosofia kantiana como inimiga, mas que deve ser explorada até o momento no qual ela se vê estranha a si mesma. Trata-se de um procedimento próprio do método deleuziano de “subverter” os pensamentos de filósofos que são tomados, em primeiro lugar, como filosofias a serem exploradas ao limite máximo. Nesse caso, a subversão do kantismo consiste em assumi-lo como o inaugurador do pensamento da representação na modernidade com a criação do fundamento no transcendental; expor a insuficiência desse pensamento ao tematizar a diferença; e explorar a reversão do tempo promovida por Kant, como uma das maiores contribuições para o problema da diferença no pensamento

Estética e dessubjetivação em Deleuze

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the problem of aesthetics in Deleuze from the concept of desubjectivation. The starting point of the work is the hypothesis that the question of aesthetics may be one of the main ways to guide a reading of Deleuzian thought, above all, with regard to a new way of thinking independently of subjective rationality. The verification of this hypothesis will go through four necessary and decisive moments: 1) the approach of the concept of difference in itself that will provide us with the indispensable basis to think the question of aesthetics in the key of sensation. 2) The appropriation of the concept of repetition in dialogue with pre-subjective syntheses in time and in the unconscious. Along with the difference, this powerful and important Deleuzian concept of repetition aims to release the thought of its traditional bond or obstacle, a kind of impediment that runs through perhaps the entire history of Western philosophy from modernity to today, which is the representation. 3) The analysis of the notion of transcendental empiricism, whose bases are no longer subordinated to the subject and object coordinates, as a legitimate and unprecedented proposal by Deleuze for a sensitive thought. 4) Finally, the path through the relationship between body and language in order to investigate to what extent the problem of aesthetics in Deleuze is produced more as a “practice”, which is freed from the (theological) system of judgment, is capable of giving rise to new modes of existence.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the problem of aesthetics in Deleuze from the concept of desubjectivation. The starting point of the work is the hypothesis that the question of aesthetics may be one of the main ways to guide a reading of Deleuzian thought, above all, with regard to a new way of thinking independently of subjective rationality. The verification of this hypothesis will go through four necessary and decisive moments: 1) the approach of the concept of difference in itself that will provide us with the indispensable basis to think the question of aesthetics in the key of sensation. 2) The appropriation of the concept of repetition in dialogue with pre-subjective syntheses in time and in the unconscious. Along with the difference, this powerful and important Deleuzian concept of repetition aims to release the thought of its traditional bond or obstacle, a kind of impediment that runs through perhaps the entire history of Western philosophy from modernity to today, which is the representation. 3) The analysis of the notion of transcendental empiricism, whose bases are no longer subordinated to the subject and object coordinates, as a legitimate and unprecedented proposal by Deleuze for a sensitive thought. 4) Finally, the path through the relationship between body and language in order to investigate to what extent the problem of aesthetics in Deleuze is produced more as a “practice”, which is freed from the (theological) system of judgment, is capable of giving rise to new modes of existence.O objetivo desta tese é investigar o problema da estética em Deleuze a partir do conceito de dessubjetivação. O ponto de partida do trabalho é a hipótese de que a questão da estética pode ser um dos principais caminhos a guiar uma leitura do pensamento deleuziano, sobretudo, no que diz respeito a uma nova maneira de pensar independente da racionalidade subjetiva. A verificação dessa hipótese percorrerá quatro momentos necessários e decisivos: 1) a abordagem do conceito de diferença em si mesma que nos fornecerá a base indispensável para pensar a questão da estética na chave da sensação. 2) A apropriação do conceito de repetição em diálogo com as sínteses pré-subjetivas no tempo e no inconsciente. Junto com a diferença, esse poderoso e importante conceito deleuziano de repetição pretende liberar o pensamento de sua tradicional amarra ou obstáculo, espécie de impedimento que atravessa talvez toda a história da filosofia ocidental desde a modernidade até hoje, que é a representação. 3) A análise da noção de empirismo transcendental, cujas bases não estão mais subordinadas às coordenadas sujeito e objeto, como uma legítima e inédita proposta de Deleuze de um pensamento sensível. 4) Finalmente, o percurso pela relação corpo e linguagem a fim de investigar em que medida o problema da estética em Deleuze se produz mais como uma “prática”, a qual livre do sistema (teológico) do juízo, é capaz de suscitar novos modos de existência.O objetivo desta tese é investigar o problema da estética em Deleuze a partir do conceito de dessubjetivação. O ponto de partida do trabalho é a hipótese de que a questão da estética pode ser um dos principais caminhos a guiar uma leitura do pensamento deleuziano, sobretudo, no que diz respeito a uma nova maneira de pensar independente da racionalidade subjetiva. A verificação dessa hipótese percorrerá quatro momentos necessários e decisivos: 1) a abordagem do conceito de diferença em si mesma que nos fornecerá a base indispensável para pensar a questão da estética na chave da sensação. 2) A apropriação do conceito de repetição em diálogo com as sínteses pré-subjetivas no tempo e no inconsciente. Junto com a diferença, esse poderoso e importante conceito deleuziano de repetição pretende liberar o pensamento de sua tradicional amarra ou obstáculo, espécie de impedimento que atravessa talvez toda a história da filosofia ocidental desde a modernidade até hoje, que é a representação. 3) A análise da noção de empirismo transcendental, cujas bases não estão mais subordinadas às coordenadas sujeito e objeto, como uma legítima e inédita proposta de Deleuze de um pensamento sensível. 4) Finalmente, o percurso pela relação corpo e linguagem a fim de investigar em que medida o problema da estética em Deleuze se produz mais como uma “prática”, a qual livre do sistema (teológico) do juízo, é capaz de suscitar novos modos de existência.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

“Meu primeiro manifesto político foi um romance”: reflexões sobre a obra O Estrangeiro de Plínio Salgado

Plínio Salgado é conhecido como líder e mentor do movimento integralista, todavia, a sua atuação literária teve grande destaque no cenário cultural brasileiro e português. Na sua ampla produção, merece menção o romance O estrangeiro (1926), no qual destaca a figura do imigrante no desenvolvimento da nação e aprofunda a crítica à sociedade de então, refletindo sobre o modelo nacionalista a ser empregado no Brasil. Esta pesquisa buscará analisar esta obra em interfase com as propostas dos eugenistas paulistas sobre a questão da imigração.Plinio Salgado is known as a leader and mentor of the “integralismo”, however, its performance had great literary prominence in the Brazilian and Portuguese cultural. In his extensive production, deserves mention romance O estrangeiro (1926), in which stands the figure of the immigrant in the nation's development and deepens the critique of society then pondering the nationalist model to be used in Brazil. This research will try to analyze this work in interphases with the proposals of the eugenicists on the issue of immigration

Deleuze e duas apropriações do dionisíaco nietzschiano para um pensamento sem sujeito

O objetivo deste artigo é destacar e discutir dois momentos nos quais Deleuze se apropria da noção nietzschiana de dionisíaco, para compor o programa de um pensamento sem imagem em oposição ao pensamento da representação. A primeira apropriação diz respeito à questão de um novo discurso filosófico em prol de individuações e singularidades anteriores à “forma sujeito”. A segunda apropriação corresponde à defesa de um pensamento imanente, que ocorre na superfície e não recorre a modelos bem centrados. Trata-se de verificar em quais pontos a influência de Nietzsche foi decisiva para Deleuze compor um novo pensamento em Diferença e repetição, conferindo destaque a noções de individuação, singularidade, diferença e arte.

Por uma crítica do juízo: nomadismo, anarquia e catástrofe em Diferença e repetição

O objetivo deste artigo é debater como desenvolve o seu conceito de diferença, na obra Diferença e repetição, propondo reverter a submissão da diferença à identidade na analogia do juízo, que possui duas funções: distribuir os seres e os sujeitos e hierarquizá-los de acordo com as regras do fundamento. Para tanto, o filósofo confrontou as posições de sedentarismo e hierarquia do pensamento da representação, em nome de um modo de se dispor anárquico e nômade, ou seja, abolindo a noção de hierarquia e reformulado a perspectiva do limite. A hipótese a ser investigada é a seguinte: em que medida o conceito de diferença em si mesma, de acordo com o seu aspecto catastrófico que provoca um abismamento no solo do fundamento, reverte a sua posição ante à analogia do juízo e oferece um novo modo de pensar criticamente, conferindo novas características ao domínio da ontologia. Abstract The aims this paper is to discuss how he develops his concept of difference, in the work Difference and repetition, proposing to reverse the submission of difference to identity in the analogy of judgment, which has two functions: to distribute beings and subjects and to rank them accordingly with the ground rules. In modernity, Kant’s philosophy consolidated a thought that used legal metaphors to institute a "Tribunal of Reason", but revealed the sedentary lifestyle of distributed and hierarchical thought according to the legitimacy conferred by the foundation, relegating difference to the background in relation to the identity of the concept. Therefore, the philosopher confronted the positions of sedentarism and hierarchy of the thought of representation, in the name of an anarchic and nomadic way of disposing of oneself, that is, abolishing the notion of hierarchy and reformulating the perspective of the limit. The hypothesis to be investigated is the following: to what extent the concept of difference in itself, according to its catastrophic aspect that causes an abyss in the ground of the foundation, reverses its position before the analogy of judgment and offers a new way to think critically, giving new characteristics to the domain of ontology.The aims this paper is to discuss how he develops his concept of difference, in the work Difference and repetition, proposing to reverse the submission of difference to identity in the analogy of judgment, which has two functions: to distribute beings and subjects and to rank them accordingly with the ground rules. Therefore, the philosopher confronted the positions of sedentarism and hierarchy of the thought of representation, in the name of an anarchic and nomadic way of disposing of oneself, that is, abolishing the notion of hierarchy and reformulating the perspective of the limit. The hypothesis to be investigated is the following: to what extent the concept of difference in itself, according to its catastrophic aspect that causes an abyss in the ground of the foundation, reverses its position before the analogy of judgment and offers a new way to think critically, giving new characteristics to the domain of ontology. Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é debater como desenvolve o seu conceito de diferença, na obra Diferença e repetição, propondo reverter a submissão da diferença à identidade na analogia do juízo, que possui duas funções: distribuir os seres e os sujeitos e hierarquizá-los de acordo com as regras do fundamento. Para tanto, o filósofo confrontou as posições de sedentarismo e hierarquia do pensamento da representação, em nome de um modo de se dispor anárquico e nômade, ou seja, abolindo a noção de hierarquia e reformulado a perspectiva do limite. A hipótese a ser investigada é a seguinte: em que medida o conceito de diferença em si mesma, de acordo com o seu aspecto catastrófico que provoca um abismamento no solo do fundamento, reverte a sua posição ante à analogia do juízo e oferece um novo modo de pensar criticamente, conferindo novas características ao domínio da ontologia