Analyse de l’intelligibilité de textes prescriptifs

L’intelligibilité des textes, telle que nous la définissons, tient compte de l’ensemble des composantes qui en assure la compréhension complète. Nous ne nous limitons pas à considérer les aspects microstructurels (nombre de mots, de phrases, etc.) comme le font les mesures de lisibilité traditionnelles; nous tenons également compte des aspects macrostructurels, ceux qui marquent la progression du texte. Nous présentons ici un instrument qui permet de mesurer cette intelligibilité. Nous l’avons appliqué à des textes prescriptifs (un document bancaire et un document administratif) qui causaient des difficultés de compréhension.Far beyond the traditional definition of readibility that takes into account essentially microstructures variables such as word frequency, sentence-length, etc., the definition of readibility that governed this research also includes macrostructure variables, mainly those variables structuring the progression of text. "Comprehensibility" would be the closest english term to define our readibility concept. This article describes how one can measure the comprehensibility of a text in terms of identifying its progression. Our measure was applied to two prescriptive texts: one bank document and one administrative document. Both documents had been judged as presenting comprehension difficulties

Development of charts for determining shear, moment and normal stresses in circular, rectangular and elliptical rings, such as are used in transverse frames of fuselages

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, 1941.MIT Institute Archives copy bound with: Hudson, Walter Davidson. Structural design of a plastic airplane (1941).Includes bibliographical references (leaf [12]).by Fernand Lecavalier.B.S

Aide stratégique en lecture et écriture

2e éd.Également disponible en version papierTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 13 janv. 2010)Vol.1 Guide d'intégration. -- v.2 Cahier d'écriture. -- v.3 Cahier de tutora

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) in Greenland: A Review

Using the most recently published regional and global deglaciation histories we provide updated estimates of the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) component of present day uplift at a suite of GPS sites in Greenland. The GIA of the solid Earth beneath Greenland contributes -6 to +10 Gt/yr to the present day mass trends observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), representing <5% contribution to the observed mass trends over the last decade. Although the contribution of GIA to GRACE estimates of mass imbalance is insignificant for Greenland as a whole, differences between deglacial models reviewed here and their assumed viscoelastic Earth structures result in significantly different estimates of regional patterns and magnitudes of GIA. This means that for some areas of Greenland (e.g. the north-west, south- and north-east) the use of GNSS to estimate elastic uplift patterns is more affected by the choice of GIA correction applied

New Interfaces in the Automated Landscapes of Logistics

Metaphors of flows are often used to describe aspects of logistics, thereby suggesting smooth and inevitable operations while also obscuring the frictions and contingencies that characterize the industry. This article explores the consequences and possibilities of these modes by first elaborating some aspects of logistical operations in order to connect them to the contemporary built environment. It looks at the architectural components of the company Walmart in order to present hypothetical scenarios related to the future of the logistical landscape. By connecting these visual experiments to questions of representation, automation, and systems thinking, the article explores the ways we might challenge and extend the possibilities of logistics

Moderation of antipsychotic-induced weight gain by energy balance gene variants in the RUPP autism network risperidone studies.

Second-generation antipsychotic exposure, in both children and adults, carries significant risk for excessive weight gain that varies widely across individuals. We queried common variation in key energy balance genes (FTO, MC4R, LEP, CNR1, FAAH) for their association with weight gain during the initial 8 weeks in the two NIMH Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network trials (N=225) of risperidone for treatment of irritability in children/adolescents aged 4-17 years with autism spectrum disorders. Variants in the cannabinoid receptor (CNR)-1 promoter (P=1.0 × 10(-6)), CNR1 (P=9.6 × 10(-5)) and the leptin (LEP) promoter (P=1.4 × 10(-4)) conferred robust-independent risks for weight gain. A model combining these three variants was highly significant (P=1.3 × 10(-9)) with a 0.85 effect size between lowest and highest risk groups. All results survived correction for multiple testing and were not dependent on dose, plasma level or ethnicity. We found no evidence for association with a reported functional variant in the endocannabinoid metabolic enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase, whereas body mass index-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FTO and MC4R showed only trend associations. These data suggest a substantial genetic contribution of common variants in energy balance regulatory genes to individual antipsychotic-associated weight gain in children and adolescents, which supersedes findings from prior adult studies. The effects are robust enough to be detected after only 8 weeks and are more prominent in this largely treatment naive population. This study highlights compelling directions for further exploration of the pharmacogenetic basis of this concerning multifactorial adverse event

Effect of Parent Training on Adaptive Behavior in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Disruptive Behavior: Results of a Randomized Trial

Objective This study examined the impact of parent training on adaptive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disruptive behavior. Methods This was a 24-week, 6-site, randomized trial of parent training versus parent education in 180 children with ASD (aged 3−7 years; 158 boys and 22 girls) and moderate or greater behavioral problems. Parent training included specific strategies to manage disruptive behavior over 11 to 13 sessions, 2 telephone boosters, and 2 home visits. Parent education provided useful information about autism but no behavior management strategies over 12 core sessions and 1 home visit. In a previous report, we showed that parent training was superior to parent education in reducing disruptive behavior in young children with ASD. Here, we test whether parent training is superior to parent education in improving daily living skills as measured by the parent-rated Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales II. The long-term impact of parent training on adaptive functioning is also presented. Results At week 24, the parent training group showed a 5.7-point improvement from baseline on the Daily Living domain compared to no change in parent education (p = .004; effect size = 0.36). On the Socialization domain, there was a 5.9-point improvement in parent training versus a 3.1-point improvement in parent education (p = .11; effect size = 0.29). Gains in the Communication domain were similar across treatment groups. The gain in Daily Living was greater in children with IQ of >70. However, the interaction of treatment-by-IQ was not significant. Gains in Daily Living at week 24 were maintained upon re-evaluation at 24 weeks posttreatment. Conclusion These results support the model that reduction in disruptive behavior can lead to improvement in activities of daily living. By contrast, the expected trajectory for adaptive behavior in children with ASD is often flat and predictably declines in children with intellectual disability. In the parent training group, higher-functioning children achieved significant gains in daily living skills. Children with intellectual disability kept pace with time

Religious Criticism in Voltaire's Candide

A study of Volaire' s Candide (1759) in relation to religious criticism; with some reference to the development of this criticism in works written before and after the tale.Master of Arts (MA