Multi-Generation Model of Immigrant Earnings: Theory and Application

The literature, starting with Chiswick (1977, 1978) to Gang and Zimmermann (2000), more recently, focuses on the economic achievements and performance of first- and second-generation migrants. This paper presents a three-generation migrant analysis, comparing relative economic performance of various migrant generations to one another and to the native population. We developed a theoretical model, which was then explored empirically using data from the 1995 Israeli Census. In both the theoretical and empirical analyses, the curve describing intergenerational immigrant earnings mobility is inversely U-shaped. The second generation earns relatively more than the first and third generations, while the third generation earns less than the second, but more than the first. Thus, assimilation of the third generation into the local population is far from clear.Intergenerational earnings mobility, migration, labor market performance.

Multi-Generation Model of Immigrant Earnings: Theory and Application

The literature, starting with Chiswick (1977, 1978) to Gang and Zimmermann (2000), more recently, focuses on the economic achievements and performance of first- and secondgeneration migrants. This paper presents a three-generation migrant analysis, comparing relative economic performance of various migrant generations to one another and to the native population. We developed a theoretical model, which was then explored empirically using data from the 1995 Israeli Census. In both the theoretical and empirical analyses, the curve describing intergenerational immigrant earnings mobility is inversely U-shaped. The second generation earns relatively more than the first and third generations, while the third generation earns less than the second, but more than the first. Thus, assimilation of the third generation into the local population is far from clear

Displacement, Identity and Belonging for Ibyangin: The Personal Journey of Transracial Korean-Born Adoptees

The present study examined the lived experience (erlebnis) of adult transracial, Korean-born adoptees (Ibyangin; Yngvesson & Coutin, 2006) raised in the United States by White families. Long interviews (McCracken, 1988) were conducted with fourteen young adult (age 26-30) Korean-born adoptees in-person or by phone. The study was anchored in the constructivist-interpretivist research paradigm (Ponterotto, 2005) and utilized the phenomenological inquiry model (Moustakas, 1994) to explore the essence of the international transracial adoption experience. Two major clusters of meaning with additional subthemes were related to a) identity development, and b) decision to return to Korea. Limitations of the study are reviewed, implications for follow-up research are presented, and clinical applications are addressed

Prophets and Priests of the Nation: Naguib Mahfouz’s Karnak Café and the 1967 Crisis in Egypt

Similarities between religion and nationalism are well known but not well understood. They can be explained by drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory in order to consider symbolic interests and the strategies employed to advance them. In both religion and nationalism, the “strategy of the prophets” relies on charisma while the “strategy of the priests” relies on cultural capital. In 20th-century Egypt, nationalism permitted intellectuals whose cultural capital was mainly secular, such as Naguib Mahfouz, to become “priests of the nation” in order to compete with the ʿulamaʾ for prestige and influence. However, it severely limited their autonomy, particularly after Nasser took power and became a successful nationalist prophet. Mahfouz's novel Al-Karnak, which explores the fate of the Nasser regime's political prisoners and the effects of Egypt's 1967 military defeat, reflects this limitation. Under a nationalist regime, the film adaptation of the novel contributed to Mahfouz's heteronomy

“Like Following a Mirage”: Memory and Empowerment in Alice Munro’s “The Bear Came Over the Mountain”

La nouvelle “The Bear Came Over the Mountain” d’Alice Munro est une étude sur la douleur, la perte, la trahison et, en premier lieu, une réflexion sur le principe féminin. La nouvelle a attiré l’attention d’autres écrivains – en particulier celle de Jonathan Franzen qui la classe parmi les plus belles réussites de Munro ; ou Sarah Polly qui a réalisé Away from Her, l’adaptation d’un texte fort ambigu. Le présent article souhaite revenir sur cette ambigüité. À première vue, la nouvelle décrit la tragédie d’une femme qui sombre peu à peu dans la maladie d’Alzheimer : Fiona doit apprendre à vivre avec ses défaillances mémorielles et accepter de quitter son foyer. Munro ne se satisfait jamais de présenter le point de vue limité d’un personnage. Elle laisse entrevoir, par le biais de subtiles suggestions, que le choix de Fiona de s’écarter du monde social relève d’un désir de se venger de mari volage. En d’autres termes, cet article suggère que Fiona joue la malade pour reprendre sa vie en main et ainsi échapper à l’amour hypocrite de son époux. De cette manière, la nouvelle devient l’une des illustrations récentes les plus fortes de l’ambition de Munro de décrire les femmes dans leur vie de tous les jours et d’explorer les moyens mis en œuvre pour en améliorer les conditions

Were customs dues levied at the time of the Prophet Muḥammad?

The levying of customs was common in pre-Islamic Arabia. They were usually levied in the annual fairs and in Mecca, where Muḥammad's ancestor, Qusayy, reportedly levied them from the non-Meccans entering Mecca. Muḥammad continued this age-old practice, hence the phrase lā yu 'sharūna wa-lā yuḥsharūna in his letters to certain parties. It exempted these parties from the payment of customs, while all the others had to pay up.La leva de impuestos de aduana era práctica común en la Arabia preislámica. Se recaudaban en las ferias anuales y en La Meca, donde el antepasado de Muḥammad, Qusayy, los recaudaba entre los no-mequenses que entraban en la ciudad. Muḥammad continuó esta práctica ancestral, como atestigua la frase lā yu 'sharūna wa-lā yuḥsharūna en algunas cartas, frase por la cual los receptores quedaban exentos de los derechos de aduana, mientras que todo el resto tenía que pagarlos

The (r)urban temporary: towards resilience through an alternative Copenhagen

This thesis work has its starting point in the increasing challenge of current and future uncertainties, crises, and risks that cities face today and how resilience can enhance our possibilities to counteract those. Translating this issue into the field of architecture, this thesis identifies the growing disconnect between our permanently planned cities and our faster and faster-changing societies as a challenge towards resilience. Studying recent Copenhagen urban developments - which are hugely based on planning and designing for permanence throughout all scales, functions, and locations - supports the need for a shift in how we develop our cities moving forward. The thesis therefore, explores how, in contrast to that, planning and designing for temporariness can be an alternative approach. The aim is to create design strategies as a toolbox to set up temporariness in the built environment. Those strategies then get translated into exemplary iterated architectural elements. Furthermore, the thesis explores how connecting and combining strategies and elements creates an improved (r)urban environment capable of reflecting societies needs and demands. It moreover investigates how to react to those over time by adapting the elements through their strategies based on their predicted duration of existence. Several supporting site visits help analyze the distinctive identity of the application context, a former shipyard area in Copenhagen called Refshaleøen. The elements then get implemented in that rurban environment to showcase experimental scenarios that explore the possibilities of designing for temporariness as an alternative to the current reality of (r)urban development

Notas sobre censura y auto-censura en la biografía del Profeta Muḥammad

The study of the medieval literary output about Muḥammad’s life should go hand in hand with the study of his history, for which we have rich evidence in a variety of sources. Ibn Isḥāq’s biography of Muḥammad and its epitome by Ibn Hishām were products of their time. A case of self-censorship applied by one of Ibn Isḥāq’s informants and two cases of censorship applied by Ibn Hishām, who omitted many of his predecessor’s materials, contribute to a better understanding of the social and political context of the biography.El estudio de la producción literaria medieval sobre la vida de Muḥammad debe ir de la mano del estudio de su historia, empresa para la que disponemos de rica información en una variedad de fuentes. La biografía de Muḥammad por Ibn Isḥāq y su epítome por Ibn Hišām fueron productos de su época. Un caso de auto-censura aplicado por uno de los informantes de Ibn Isḥāq y dos casos de censura aplicados por Ibn Hišām, quien omitió muchos de los materiales de su predecesor, contribuyen a una mejor comprensión del contexto social y político de la biografía del Profeta

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonism attenuates endotoxaemia-induced muscle protein loss and lactate accumulation in rats

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) appears to provide protection against organ dysfunction during endotoxaemia. We examined the potential benefits of Rosi on skeletal muscle protein maintenance and carbohydrate metabolism during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either standard chow (control) or standard chow containing Rosi (8.5±0.1 mg.kg-1.day-1) for two weeks before and during 24 h continuous intravenous infusion of LPS (15 μg.kg-1.h-1) or saline. Rosi blunted LPS-induced increases in muscle tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA by 70% (P<0.05) and 64% (P<0.01), respectively. Furthermore, Rosi suppressed the LPS-induced reduction in phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated Forkhead box O (FOXO) 1 protein, as well as the upregulation of muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1; P<0.01) mRNA, and the LPS-induced increase in 20S proteasome activity (P<0.05). Accordingly, LPS reduced the muscle protein:DNA ratio (~30%, P<0.001), which Rosi offset. Increased muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) mRNA (P<0.001) and muscle lactate accumulation (P<0.001) during endotoxaemia were suppressed by Rosi. Thus, pre-treatment with Rosi reduced muscle cytokine accumulation and blunted muscle protein loss and lactate accumulation during endotoxaemia, and at least in part by reducing activation of molecular events known to increase muscle protein breakdown and mitochondrial pyruvate use

Would You Publish This Book? Material Production, Canadian Criticism, and The Theatre of Form

The publication of Canadian literary criticism in its historically recognizable forms of academic discourse has dramatically decreased due to shifts in government funding policies and widespread changes in the book publishing industry. The cultural implication of this material shift in the sheer quantity of criticism published is significant: publishers are unreceptive to books about Canadian literature. Decreases in the production of Canadian criticism shift the cultural paradigms by substituting more broadly marketable cultural objects for more esoteric objects aligned with the discourse of nation as it is disseminated through critical acts. With funding from the Ontario Arts Council, the Canada Council and the Aid to Scholarly Publications Program, ECW Press published Ric Knowles's The Theatre of Form and the Production of Meaning: Contemporary Canadian Dramaturgies in 1999 at a financial loss. Most commentary on Canadian criticism does not consider the factors accounting for the material solidity, just as most academics really don't consider the issue of profit or loss associated with the production of the scholarly book as a central factor in the evaluation of the publishability of their scholarly work