Intermediate coherent-phase(PB) states of radiation fields and their nonclassical properties

Intermediate states interpolating coherent states and Pegg-Barnett phase states are investigated using the ladder operator approach. These states reduce to coherent and Pegg-Barnett phase states in two different limits. Statistical and squeezing properties are studied in detail.Comment: 9 pages, 3 EPS figures, use epsf.sty. Accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.

Comparação de características demográficas e clínicas entre crianças e adolescentes com transtorno depressivo maior

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics of major depressive disorder symptoms between children and adolescents. METHOD: The subjects were 58 patients of a Child and Adolescent Affective Disorder Clinic consecutively admitted during a six-month period. Children aged 5-9 years old and adolescents from 10-17 years old currently meeting DSM-IV criteria diagnosis of major depressive disorder were chosen. Current MDD diagnosis and depressive psychopathology were assessed by a clinical interview and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-DSM-IV version. The Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised Version and the Children Global Assessment Scale rated the severity and global functioning of major depressive disorder. RESULTS: The most common depressive symptoms were: anhedonia (72.4%), depressed mood (72.4%), decreased concentration (62.1%), and irritability (58.6%). The intensity of depressive episodes of this sample ranged from mild to moderate. Fifty percent reported thoughts of death, and 29.3% presented a variety of psychotic symptoms. When compared with children, adolescents reported a significantly more depressed mood (p = 0.043), lower self-esteem (p = 0.002), and had more difficulty concentrating (p = 0.020). Female adolescents had lower self-esteem (p = 0.003), and male adolescents showed more decreased concentration (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that age and gender differences might influence the clinical presentation of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Further studies with larger samples are needed.OBJETIVO: Comparar as características clínicas de transtorno depressivo maior entre crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODO: Amostra constituída de 58 sujeitos admitidos consecutivamente em um serviço especializado em transtornos do humor na infância e adolescência durante um período de 6 meses. Foram considerados crianças sujeitos com idade entre 5 e 9 anos, e adolescentes aqueles com idade entre 10 e 17 anos. Todos os participantes preenchiam diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo maior seguindo os critérios de DSM-IV. O diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo maior e avaliação de aspectos psicopatológicos foram realizados por entrevista clínica direta e aplicação de entrevista de apoio ao diagnóstico. O funcionamento global e a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos foram mensurados através de versões adaptadas de Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised Version e Children Global Assessment Scale. RESULTADOS: Os sintomas depressivos mais freqüentes foram: anedonia (72,4%), humor depressivo (72,4%), diminuição de concentração (62,1%) e irritabilidade (58,6%). A intensidade do episódio depressivo dessa amostra variou de leve a moderada. Cinqüenta por cento relataram pensamentos mórbidos e 29,3% apresentaram sintomas psicóticos variados. Quando comparados com crianças, adolescentes apresentaram significativamente mais humor depressivo (p = 0,043), baixa auto-estima (p = 0,002) e mais dificuldade de concentração (p = 0,020). As adolescentes femininas tinham mais baixa auto-estima (p = 0,003) e os masculinos mostraram mais diminuição de concentração (p = 0,016). CONCLUSÃO: Esse estudo sugere que idade e gênero poderiam influenciar na apresentação clínica de transtorno depressivo maior em crianças e adolescentes. Estudos com amostra mais representativa serão necessários

A topological insulator surface under strong Coulomb, magnetic and disorder perturbations

Three dimensional topological insulators embody a newly discovered state of matter characterized by conducting spin-momentum locked surface states that span the bulk band gap as demonstrated via spin-resolved ARPES measurements . This highly unusual surface environment provides a rich ground for the discovery of novel physical phenomena. Here we present the first controlled study of the topological insulator surfaces under strong Coulomb, magnetic and disorder perturbations. We have used interaction of iron, with a large Coulomb state and significant magnetic moment as a probe to \textit{systematically test the robustness} of the topological surface states of the model topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$. We observe that strong perturbation leads to the creation of odd multiples of Dirac fermions and that magnetic interactions break time reversal symmetry in the presence of band hybridization. We also present a theoretical model to account for the altered surface of Bi$_2$Se$_3$. Taken collectively, these results are a critical guide in manipulating topological surfaces for probing fundamental physics or developing device applications.Comment: 14 pages, 4 Figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1009.621

Special Lagrangian cones with higher genus links

For every odd natural number g=2d+1 we prove the existence of a countably infinite family of special Lagrangian cones in C^3 over a closed Riemann surface of genus g, using a geometric PDE gluing method.Comment: 48 page

Kernel Formula Approach to the Universal Whitham Hierarchy

We derive the dispersionless Hirota equations of the universal Whitham hierarchy from the kernel formula approach proposed by Carroll and Kodama. Besides, we also verify the associativity equations in this hierarchy from the dispersionless Hirota equations and give a realization of the associative algebra with structure constants expressed in terms of the residue formulas.Comment: 18 page

An inhibitory pull-push circuit in frontal cortex.

Push-pull is a canonical computation of excitatory cortical circuits. By contrast, we identify a pull-push inhibitory circuit in frontal cortex that originates in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons. During arousal, VIP cells rapidly and directly inhibit pyramidal neurons; VIP cells also indirectly excite these pyramidal neurons via parallel disinhibition. Thus, arousal exerts a feedback pull-push influence on excitatory neurons-an inversion of the canonical push-pull of feedforward input

Statistical Laws Governing Fluctuations in Word Use from Word Birth to Word Death

We analyze the dynamic properties of 10^7 words recorded in English, Spanish and Hebrew over the period 1800--2008 in order to gain insight into the coevolution of language and culture. We report language independent patterns useful as benchmarks for theoretical models of language evolution. A significantly decreasing (increasing) trend in the birth (death) rate of words indicates a recent shift in the selection laws governing word use. For new words, we observe a peak in the growth-rate fluctuations around 40 years after introduction, consistent with the typical entry time into standard dictionaries and the human generational timescale. Pronounced changes in the dynamics of language during periods of war shows that word correlations, occurring across time and between words, are largely influenced by coevolutionary social, technological, and political factors. We quantify cultural memory by analyzing the long-term correlations in the use of individual words using detrended fluctuation analysis.Comment: Version 1: 31 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables. Version 2 is streamlined, eliminates substantial material and incorporates referee comments: 19 pages, 14 figures, 3 table