Wage Losses of Displaced Workers in France and the US?

This paper develops a theoretical search framework to analyse the wage losses experienced by displaced workers. We underline the importance of accounting for two different sources of wage losses whose consequences might differ, namely the loss of rents earned on their pre-displacement job and the loss of accumulated firm-specific human capital. We then turn to the measurement and decomposition of wage losses in France and the US using micro data from labor force surveys. We show that while the order of magnitude of wage losses ar comparable in the two economies (10 to 15\%), the sources of wage adjustment differ strongly: all of the wage decline in France seems to be due to the loss of accumulated firm specific earning potential, while in the US\ case, they only account for half of the total wage adjustment.

Educational expansion, earnings compression and changes in intergenerational economic mobility : Evidence from French cohorts, 1931-1976

This paper analyzes long-term trends in intergenerational earnings mobility in France. I estimate intergenerational earnings elasticities for male cohorts born between 1931 and 1975. This time period has witnessed important changes in the French labor market and educational system, in particular a large expansion in access to secondary and higher education as well as an important compression of earnings differentials. Intergenerational mobility is estimated using a two-sample instrumental variables approach. Over the period, intergenerational earnings mobility exhibits a V-shaped pattern. Mobility falls between cohorts born in the mid 1930s and those born in the mid 1950s, but subsequently rises. For cohorts born in the first half of the 1970s, age-adjusted intergenerational earnings elasticity amount to around .55. This value is significantly higher than the elasticity estimated for the baby-boom cohorts. It is also slightly lower than the elasticity estimated for cohorts born in the 1930s but the difference is not statistically significant. Changes in the extent of mobility mostly reflects the evolution of cross-section earnings inequality, rather than variations in positional mobility.Intergenerational mobility, earnings, inequality, trends, elasticity, correlation, education, France.

Labor Market Dynamics and Wage Losses of Displaced Workers in France and the United States

The objective of this paper is to provide a comparative assessment of the consequences of worker displacement in France and the United States. I estimate wage losses of displaced workers in the two countries and examine the relative contribution of two important sources of post-displacement wage adjustments. The first one relates to the loss of seniority-accumulated firmspecific earnings potential. The second one arises from match heterogeneity. Identification of the relative contribution of these two sources can be achieved given separate estimates of returns to seniority. I show that, while the order of magnitude of total wage losses are comparable in the two economies (10 to 15%), the sources of wage adjustments di_er strongly: all of the wage decline in France seems to be due to the loss of accumulated firm-specific earnings potential, while in the US, more than half of measured wage losses arise from a downgrading of displaced workers into lower quality job matches.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40000/3/wp614.pd

Embeddings of low-dimensional strange attractors: Topological invariants and degrees of freedom

When a low dimensional chaotic attractor is embedded in a three dimensional space its topological properties are embedding-dependent. We show that there are just three topological properties that depend on the embedding: parity, global torsion, and knot type. We discuss how they can change with the embedding. Finally, we show that the mechanism that is responsible for creating chaotic behavior is an invariant of all embeddings. These results apply only to chaotic attractors of genus one, which covers the majority of cases in which experimental data have been subjected to topological analysis. This means that the conclusions drawn from previous analyses, for example that the mechanism generating chaotic behavior is a Smale horseshoe mechanism, a reverse horseshoe, a gateau roule, an S-template branched manifold, ..., are not artifacts of the embedding chosen for the analysis

Early schooling and later outcomes : Evidence from pre-school extension in France

Over the 1960s and 1970s, France undertook a large-scale expansion of preschool enrollment. As a result, during this period, the enrollment rate of 3 years old children rose from 35% to 90% and that of 4 years old rose from 60% to virtually 100%. This paper evaluates the eect of such an expansion on subsequent schooling outcomes (repetitions, test scores, high school graduation) and wages. We find some sizeable and persistent effect of preschool and this points to the fact that preschool can be a tool for reducing inequalities. Indeed, the analysis shows that children from worse-off or intermediate social groups benefit more from preschool than children from better-off socioeconomic backgrounds.education; preschool; France

The Intergenerational Transmission of Income and Education: A Comparison of Japan and France

The paper compares the extent of intergenerational earnings and educational correlation in Japan and France. It uses very similar repeated surveys that provide information on educational attainment and family background, conducted in Japan and France. To insure comparability, similar sample restrictions and specifications are imposed. For Japan, we use waves 1965, 1975, 1985, 1995 and 2005. For France, we use waves 1965, 1970, 1977, 1985, 1993 and 2003. Intergenerational elasticity in years of education can be readily estimated using available information. On the other hand, intergenerational earnings elasticity cannot be directly measured given the lack of information on parental income in both surveys. This leads us to apply Bjorklund and Jantti (1999) two sample instrumental variables estimation strategy. Lastly, we discuss to what extent differences in earnings mobility is related to differences in educational mobility and to differences in returns to education between the two countries.intergenerational mobility; earnings education; Japan; France; education Japan France.

Equality of opportunity: Definitions and testable conditions, with an application to income in France

We offer a model of equality of opportunity that encompasses different conceptions expressed in the public debate. In addition to circumstances whose effect on outcome should be compensated and eort which represents a legitimate source of inequality, we introduce a third factor, luck, that captures the non-responsibility factors whose impact on outcome should be even-handed for equality of opportunity to be satisfied. Then, we analyse how the various definitions of equality of opportunity can be empirically identified, given data limitations and provide testable conditions. Definitions and conditions resort to standard stochastic dominance tools. Lastly, we develop an empirical analysis of equality of opportunity for income acquisition in France over the period 1979-2000 which reveals that the degree of inequality of opportunity tends to decrease and that the risk of social lotteries appears very similar across the different groups of social origin.Equality of opportunity, Income distribution, Luck, Stochastic dominance.

Equality of Opportunity: Definitions and testable conditions, with an application to income in France

We offer a model of equality of opportunity that encompasses different conceptions expressed in the public debate. In addition to circumstances whose effect on outcome should be compensated and effort which represents a legitimate source of inequality, we introduce a third factor, luck, that captures the non-responsibility factors whose impact on outcome should be even-handed for equality of opportunity to be satisfied. Then, we analyse how the various definitions of equality of opportunity can be empirically identified, given data limitations and provide testable conditions. Definitions and conditions resort to standard stochastic dominance tools. Lastly, we develop an empirical analysis of equality of opportunity for income acquisition in France over the period 1979-2000 which reveals that the degree of inequality of opportunity tends to decrease and that the risk of social lotteries appears very similar across the different groups of social origin.Equality of Opportunity, Income distribution, Luck, Stochastic dominance