UJI LAIK FUNGSI JALAN RUAS JALAN NASIONAL BATAS KOTA MANADO-KOTA TOMOHON STA 7+770-STA 26+966

Abstract   The condition of a road segment that meets the technical requirements and administrative requirements indicates that the road segment meets the road function worthiness criteria. This study aims to review the road safety aspect from the results of the road function worthiness test and is carried out using a qualitative method based on the procedures for implementing the road function worthiness test, in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 11/PRT/M/2010. The data obtained from the test results and field surveys are processed to obtain roadworthiness categories, with reference to the 6 technical components of the road, namely road geometry, road pavement structures, complementary buildings, road sections, traffic engineering management, and road equipment. The Manado-Tomohon City Boundary National Road was chosen as the object observed in this study. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of road function worthiness and the repairs needed to make the road feasible based on the criteria contained in the Road Functional Worthiness Test. This study shows that the observed road section, namely the Manado City-Tomohon City Boundary road section is included in the conditional function-worthy category, which requires some technical improvements. Technical improvements that must be fulfilled include routine maintenance and procurement of road components that do not yet exist, so that the Manado City-Tomohon City Boundary road can actually become a functional road.   Keywords: road; road technical standards; road geometry; road pavement; traffic     Abstrak   Kondisi suatu ruas jalan yang memenuhi persyaratan teknis dan persyaratan administratif menunjukkan bahwa ruas jalan tersebut memenuhi kriteria laik fungsi jalan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau aspek keselamatan jalan dari hasil uji laik fungsi jalan dan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan tata cara pelaksanaan uji laik fungsi jalan, sesuai Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 11/PRT/M/2010. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil uji dan survei lapangan diolah untuk mendapatkan kategori kelaikan jalan, dengan mengacu pada 6 komponen teknis jalan, yaitu geometrik jalan, struktur perkerasan jalan, bangunan pelengkap, bagian jalan, manajemen rekasaya lalu lintas, dan perlengkapan jalan. Ruas Jalan Nasional Batas Kota Manado-Kota Tomohon dipilih sebagai obyek yang dikaji pada penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kelaikan fungsi jalan serta perbaikan yang diperlukan agar jalan menjadi laik berdasarkan kriteria yang terdapat pada Uji Laik Fungsi Jalan. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ruas jalan yang diamati, yaitu ruas jalan Batas Kota Manado-Kota Tomohon termasuk dalam kategori laik fungsi bersyarat, yang memerlukan beberapa perbaikan teknis. Perbaikan teknis yang harus dipenuhi meliputi pemeliharaan rutin dan pengadaan komponen jalan yang belum ada, agar ruas jalan Batas Kota Manado-Kota Tomohon benar-benar dapat menjadi jalan yang laik fungsi.   Kata-kata kunci: jalan; standar teknis jalan; geometrik jalan; perkerasan jalan; lalu linta

Haemodynamic changes during a squat test, pulsatile stress and indices of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with long-duration type 1 diabetes.

AIM: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and pulsatile stress are considered to be independent cardiovascular risk factors. This study compared haemodynamic changes during an active orthostatic test in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), using low versus high RR E/I ratios as a marker of CAN. METHODS: A total of 20 T1DM patients with low RR E/I ratios were compared with 20 T1DM patients with normal RR E/I ratios, matched for gender (1/1 ratio), age (mean: 46years) and diabetes duration (22-26years); 40 matched healthy subjects served as controls. All subjects were evaluated by continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure (Finapres((R))) and heart rate using a standardized posture test (1-min standing, 1-min squatting, 1-min standing), thus allowing calculation of baroreflex gain. RESULTS: Compared with controls, T1DM patients showed lower RR E/I ratios, reduced baroreflex gains, higher pulsatile stress (pulse pressurexheart rate), greater squatting-induced pulse pressure rises, orthostatic hypotension and reduced reflex tachycardia. Compared with T1DM patients with preserved RR E/I ratios, T1DM patients with low RR E/I ratios showed reduced post-standing reflex tachycardia and baroreflex gain, and delayed blood pressure recovery, but no markers of increased pulsatile stress. Interestingly, decreased baroreflex gain was significantly associated with both pulsatile stress and microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: The use of RR E/I ratios to separate T1DM patients allows the detection of other CAN markers during an orthostatic posture test, but with no significant differences in pulsatile stress or microalbuminuria. In this context, squatting-derived baroreflex gain appears to be more informative.Peer reviewe

UJI LAIK FUNGSI JALAN RUAS JALAN NASIONAL BATAS KOTA MANADO-KOTA TOMOHON STA 7+770-STA 26+966

Abstract   The condition of a road segment that meets the technical requirements and administrative requirements indicates that the road segment meets the road function worthiness criteria. This study aims to review the road safety aspect from the results of the road function worthiness test and is carried out using a qualitative method based on the procedures for implementing the road function worthiness test, in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 11/PRT/M/2010. The data obtained from the test results and field surveys are processed to obtain roadworthiness categories, with reference to the 6 technical components of the road, namely road geometry, road pavement structures, complementary buildings, road sections, traffic engineering management, and road equipment. The Manado-Tomohon City Boundary National Road was chosen as the object observed in this study. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of road function worthiness and the repairs needed to make the road feasible based on the criteria contained in the Road Functional Worthiness Test. This study shows that the observed road section, namely the Manado City-Tomohon City Boundary road section is included in the conditional function-worthy category, which requires some technical improvements. Technical improvements that must be fulfilled include routine maintenance and procurement of road components that do not yet exist, so that the Manado City-Tomohon City Boundary road can actually become a functional road.   Keywords: road; road technical standards; road geometry; road pavement; traffic     Abstrak   Kondisi suatu ruas jalan yang memenuhi persyaratan teknis dan persyaratan administratif menunjukkan bahwa ruas jalan tersebut memenuhi kriteria laik fungsi jalan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau aspek keselamatan jalan dari hasil uji laik fungsi jalan dan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan tata cara pelaksanaan uji laik fungsi jalan, sesuai Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 11/PRT/M/2010. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil uji dan survei lapangan diolah untuk mendapatkan kategori kelaikan jalan, dengan mengacu pada 6 komponen teknis jalan, yaitu geometrik jalan, struktur perkerasan jalan, bangunan pelengkap, bagian jalan, manajemen rekasaya lalu lintas, dan perlengkapan jalan. Ruas Jalan Nasional Batas Kota Manado-Kota Tomohon dipilih sebagai obyek yang dikaji pada penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kelaikan fungsi jalan serta perbaikan yang diperlukan agar jalan menjadi laik berdasarkan kriteria yang terdapat pada Uji Laik Fungsi Jalan. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ruas jalan yang diamati, yaitu ruas jalan Batas Kota Manado-Kota Tomohon termasuk dalam kategori laik fungsi bersyarat, yang memerlukan beberapa perbaikan teknis. Perbaikan teknis yang harus dipenuhi meliputi pemeliharaan rutin dan pengadaan komponen jalan yang belum ada, agar ruas jalan Batas Kota Manado-Kota Tomohon benar-benar dapat menjadi jalan yang laik fungsi.   Kata-kata kunci: jalan; standar teknis jalan; geometrik jalan; perkerasan jalan; lalu linta

Characteristics of Transportation Mode Selection in Manado Maritime City

The choice of transportation mode is one of the crucial aspects in urban transportation planning and development. Manado City as the economic and administrative center of North Sulawesi has experienced an increase in population and economic activity, which has an impact on transportation demand. This study aims to identify the characteristics of passengers in choosing transportation modes in Manado and to determine the factors that influence the choice of transportation modes. This research uses quantitative research methods. The results of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) test show the factors that influence the choice of transportation modes in Manado, namely travel costs, distance travel, and ease of access to modes. The CR value of travel costs to vehicle conditions is 7.456, the CR value of distance traveled to ease of access is 9.682, and the CR value of ease of access to online transportation is 4.654, conventional transportation is 8.282, and private vehicles is 7.365

Squatting, a posture test for studying cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It involves both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, and may be diagnosed by classical dynamic tests with measurements of heart rate (HR) and/or arterial blood pressure (BP). An original squat test (1-min standing, 1-min squatting, 1-min standing) was used with continuous monitoring of HR and BP, using a Finapres((R)) device. This active test imposes greater postural stress than the passive head-up tilt test, and provokes large changes in BP and HR that can be analyzed to derive indices of CAN. In healthy subjects, squatting is associated with BP increases and HR decreases (abolished by atropine: SqTv index), whereas the squat-stand transition is accompanied by a deep but transient drop in BP associated with sympathetic-driven tachycardia (abolished by propranolol: SqTs index). In diabetic patients with CAN, BP increases are accentuated during squatting whereas reflex bradycardia is reduced. When standing from squatting position, the fall in BP tends to be more pronounced and orthostatic hypotension more prolonged, while reflex tachycardia is markedly dampened. The baroreflex gain, similar to that calculated during pharmacological testing with vasodilator/vasopressor agents, can be derived by plotting pulse intervals (R-R) against systolic BP levels during the biphasic response following the squat-stand transition. The slope, which represents baroreflex sensitivity, is significantly reduced in patients with CAN. This discriminatory index allows study of the natural history of CAN in a large cohort of diabetic patients.Peer reviewe

Analysis Of The Implementation of School Safety Zones (Zoss) in Tomohon City

Tomohon City is city in the province of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, which is enclave from Regency Minahasa with amount sufficient school​ many . Some schools located on the edge road main , where vehicles passing by with speed very dangerous height for children the school that will cross way to go or when going home from school. Children are often careless and spontaneous, so they have the potential to become victims of traffic accidents. Evaluation of the implementation of the School Safe Zone (ZoSS) needs to be carried out, so that the behavior of pedestrians and drop-off behavior can be known, whether they have behaved safely or not. Then we can draw conclusions whether the School Safe Zone has been effective in its implementation or not. SD Negeri 2 Tomohon and SD Lentera Harapan Tomohon are located on the edge of the main road so they were chosen as research locations because in front of these two schools there is a School Safe Zone (ZoSS) that needs to be evaluated. These two School Safe Zones will be evaluated based on the Decree of the Director General of Land Transportation Number 3582 / AJ.403 / DRDJ / 20018. The research was conducted for 3 days at each location, and was carried out directly including data on the completeness of School Safe Zone (ZoSS) facilities, data on pedestrian behavior and data on drop-off behavior. Speed data and volume data were taken based on references to the 2023 Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI) which will then be processed to obtain the level of service of the road sections studied. From this study, the data on pedestrian and usher behavior in both research locations can be stated as “not yet safe” with Zcount > Ztable. Based on the results of the service level analysis for the Jl. Sam Ratulangi section (SD Negeri 2 Tomohon), the capacity was obtained 3376 smp/hour, the peak hour volume ranged from 374 smp/hour – 788 smp/hour with a service level of service level B during peak hours. While for the Jl. Makmur section (SD Lentera Harapan Tomohon), the capacity was obtained 3440 smp/hour, the peak hour volume ranged from 705 smp/hour – 985 smp/hour with a service level C during peak hours. Therefore, it is necessary for schools to pay attention to educate students about safety in crossing the road, and for the government, especially the Tomohon city transportation agency, to socialize the intent and purpose of implementing the School Safe Zone (ZoSS) for other road users in order to create comfort and safety for road user

ANALISA TINGKAT KEBISINGAN LALU LINTAS DI JALAN RAYA DITINJAU DARI TINGKAT BAKU MUTU KEBISINGAN YANG DIIZINKAN

Permasalahan yang ditimbulkan pada bidang transportasi bukan hanya masalah kemacetan tetapi juga masalah lingkungan seperti polusi suara atau kebisingan. Kebisingan dari jalan raya berasal dari kendaraan berat (HV), kendaraan ringan (LV) dan sepeda motor (MC).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kebisingan yang terjadi pada ruas Jalan Sam Ratulangi 6 dimana diruas jalan tersebut terdapat Sekolah Menengah Atas Rex Mundi, dengan pengambilan data langsung di lapangan berupa data kebisingan serta beberapa variabel lalu lintas lainnya seperti volume dan kecepatan kendaraan.Dalam penelitian ini data di analisis dengan menggunakan rumus hitung leq serta dengan perhitungan menggunakan metode CoRTN (Calculation of Road Traffic Noise). Pengukuran tingkat kebisingan dilakukan selama 9 jam dari pukul 06.00 WITA sampai dengan pukul 15.00 WITA. Hasil tingkat kebisingan yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan alat Sound Level Meter nilai leq yang diperoleh paling tinggi sebesar 81.89 dB(A) pada hari Rabu 11 September 2019 pukul 13.00-14.00 WITA. Tingkat kebisingan dengan Metode CoRTN yang paling tinggi sebesar 66.39 dB(A) pada hari Selasa 10 September 2019 pukul 14.00-15.00 WITA. Dengan nilai kebisingan tersebut hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ruas Jalan Sam Ratulangi 6 telah melebihi batas standar kebisingan yang diizinkan menurut Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No.48 tahun 1996 tentang baku mutu kebisingan yaitu hanya 55 dB(A) untuk kawasan persekolahan. Dari hasil penelitian ini perlu diadakan upaya pengendalian tingkat kebisingan dengan melakukan penanaman tanaman-tanaman kecil diantara pohon-pohon besar di pinggir jalan. Kata Kunci: Kebisingan, Lalu lintas, Jalan Raya, CoRTN, SLM

ANALISIS HAMBATAN SAMPING TERHADAP KINERJA JALAN PERKOTAAN ( STUDI KASUS: DEPAN BAHU MALL MANADO)

Kota Manado saat ini berkembang pesat, salah satunya dalam bidang perekonomian. Perkembangan ekonomi ini mengakibatkan tumbuhnya areal komersil seperti jasa, perdagangan dan perkantoran di beberapa bagian kota manado, antara lain di sepanjang jalan Wolter Monginsidi atau juga depan bahu mall. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan terjadinya pertumbuhan arus lalu lintas sehingga menyebabkan kemacetan. Kemacetan ini juga disebabkan oleh keluar masuk kendaraan, pejalan kaki, juga pengendara yang berhenti sembarangan dan parkir sembarangan. Faktor-faktor ini merupakan klasifikasi dari nilai hambatan samping, dimana hal ini menjadi topik penelitian.Pengambilan data primer dilakukan secara langsung di lokasi penelitian yaitu, data geometrik, volume kendaraan, kecepatan kendaraan, hambatan samping. Data sekunder yang dibutuhkan, seperti; peta lokasi dan data jumlah penduduk, didapatkan dari instansi terkait. Analisis data menggunakan Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI 1997).Dari hasil analisis diperoleh; kapasitas sebesar 2349.9 smp/jam .Volume jam puncak berkisar 1753.2 smp/jam hingga 2285.1 smp/jam, kecepatan kendaraan terendah berkisar dari 4,978 km/jam hingga 8,133 km/jam. Pada penelitian ini juga diperoleh kecepatan arus bebas sebesar 40,78 km/jam. Tundaan terjadi selama 31,78 detik dengan jarak tinjauan sepanjang 50 meter. Tundaan yang terjadi dengan nilai V/C ratio dikategorikan dalam tingkat pelayanan E dengan nilai rasio sebesar 0,90 < 0,99 < 1 yang artinya arus tidak stabil, kecepatan rendah dan berbeda-beda, dan volume mendekati kapasitas.. 3. Dari hasil Analisa hambatan samping nilai frekuensi berbobot selama 4 hari berada di angka terendah yaitu 536/jam di hari minggu sampai angka yang tertinggi yaitu 747.1/jam di hari sabtu dan bisa ditentukan kelas hambatan sampingnya yaitu tinggi.. Dari hasil analisa regresi hambatan samping terhadap kecepatan kendaraan diperoleh persamaan dengan nilai R2 maksimum pada hari Minggu, 9 Februari 2020 yaitu R2 = 0, 728. Dengan nilai signifikansi F 0,000 < 0,05, dapat disimpulkan bahwa salah satu penyebab kemacetan dan penurunan kinerja jalan Wolter Monginsidi di akibatkan oleh pengaruh hambatan samping. Kata Kunci: Hambatan Samping, Kapasitas Jalan, Kecepatan Kendaraan, Tundaa