Low temperature steam reforming of methane : A combined isotopic and microkinetic study

The authors would like to acknowledge Professors Joris W. Thybaut and Guy B. Marin, Laboratory for Chemical Technology of Ghent University, for providing the Micro-Kinetic Engine (MKE) code based on which the model presented in the current work has been developed.Peer reviewedPostprin

Review of Christopher Clark's Οι Υπνοβάτες: Πώς η Ευρώπη πήγε στον πόλεμο το 1914 [The Sleepwalkers: How Europe went to War in 1914]

There is hardly an issue in the entire history of the 20th century that has caught so much the interest of the historians and has seen the production of such a huge number of books and articles as the one regarding the origins of the First World War. It is no surprise that the explosion of interest in the First World War on the occasion of the centenary year was marked, among else, by new discussions and many publications on this subject.The book that has caught mostly the attention of public and academic debate is no other than Sleepwalkers by Christopher Clark, Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge. Through an exhaustive study of the main actors and the motives behind their decisions, characterized by thorough knowledge of the subject and a thrilling narrative style, the author tries to answer the crucial question of how Europe went to war in 1914

Heritage and Memory of the First World War in Greece during the Interwar Period: A Historical Perspective

The memory of the First World War in Greece has suffered throughout the years a gradual decline, which is comparable to the case of many other countries, mostly in areas of Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The Great War mattered somehow for politicians, the press and public opinion in Greece only in the interwar years. During that period, discourse about the First World War included the echo of traumatic events related to Greek involvement in the war (such as the surrender of Fort Roupel to Central Powers forces and the bloody clashes of December 1916 in Athens after the landing of Entente troops) and the efforts to erect war memorials as a tribute to the sacrifice of fallen soldiers, both Greeks and foreigners. At the same time, the Greek people had the opportunity to learn a lot about the international dimension of the war through newspapers, where translated memoirs of leading wartime figures (of both alliances) were published. After the outbreak of the Second World War, interest in the previous major conflict (including the Greek role in the hostilities) significantly diminished in the country. Taking into consideration the ongoing experience of the centenary manifestations, the author proposes a codification of the main types (existing or potential) of WWI memory in Greece and suggests new ways of approaching this major historical event. The final chapter addresses some possible causes of the troublesome relation of Greeks with the First World War, which is mainly due to the very particular circumstances of Greek involvement in the war and the determining role of later historical events that overshadowed memories of the earlier conflict

Les relations gréco-allemandes au cours de l’année 1917

1917 a été une année cruciale non seulement pour l’histoire de la Première Guerre mondiale dans son ensemble (et pour le rôle spécifique de la Grèce dans le conflit), mais aussi pour le développement des relations gréco-allemandes dans ce contexte plus large. En termes diplomatiques, cette année a été marquée par l’adhésion de la Grèce au camp de l’Entente, mais aussi par d’autres efforts grecs pour approcher l’Allemagne, menés par le camp pro-allemand autour du roi exilé Constantin. Au niveau militaire, le débat sur un plan éventuel d’une attaque par les puissances centrales contre les forces de l’Entente à Thessalonique a continué à exister, même si cette idée avait été exclue par le leadership militaire allemand au début de l’année ; en même temps, les premiers signes de fatigue apparaissaient parmi les Bulgares, un allié clé de l’Allemagne dans la région. Enfin, la présence d’une grande unité militaire grecque dans la ville allemande de Görlitz a donné une nouvelle dimension aux relations germano-grecques, servant de noyau de contacts et de tensions, mais aussi comme un facteur important dans les relations diplomatiques de cette époque.1917 war ein entscheidendes Jahr nicht nur für die Geschichte des Ersten Weltkriegs als Ganzes (und für die konkrete Rolle Griechenlands im Konflikt), sondern auch für die Entwicklung der griechisch-deutschen Beziehungen in diesem breiteren Kontext. In diplomatischer Hinsicht war dieses Jahr nicht nur durch den Beitritt Griechenlands zum Entente-Lager geprägt, aber auch von anderen Bemühungen, insbesondere die um dem prodeutschen Lager des verbannten König Konstantin, sich Deutschland zu nähern. Auf militärischer Ebene setzte sich die Debatte über einen eventuellen Angriffsplan der Mittelmächte gegen die Entente-Kräfte in Thessaloniki fort, auch wenn diese Idee zu Beginn des Jahres von der deutschen Militärführung ausgeschlossen worden war; gleichzeitig erschienen erste Müdigkeitsanzeichen unter den Bulgaren, eines der Schlüsselalliierten Deutschlands in der Region. Schließlich gab die Präsenz einer großen griechischen Militäreinheit in der deutschen Stadt Görlitz den griechisch-deutschen Beziehungen eine neue Dimension, zugleich Kern von Kontakten und Spannungen, aber auch wichtiger Faktor der diplomatischen Beziehungen dieser Zeit.1917 was a crucial year not only for the history of World War I as a whole (and for Greece’s specific role in the conflict), but also for the development of Greek-German relations within this broader context. In diplomatic terms, this year was marked by the accession of Greece to the Entente camp, but also by further Greek efforts to approach Germany, carried out by the pro-German camp around the exiled King Constantine. At the military level, the debate on an eventual plan of an attack by the Central Powers against the Entente forces in Thessaloniki continued, even if this idea had been ruled out by the German military leadership at the beginning of the year; at the same time, the first signs of fatigue appeared among the Bulgarians, a key ally of Germany in the region. Finally, the presence of a large Greek military unit in the German city of Görlitz gave a new dimension to Greek-German relations, serving as a nucleus of contacts and tensions, but also as an important factor in the diplomatic dealings of that time

Elucidation of metal and support effects during ethanol steam reforming over Ni and Rh based catalysts supported on (CeO2)-ZrO2-La2O3

We thank Dr Alan McCue from the Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, for assisting in carrying out the TPO measurements. CRediT authorship contribution statement Marinela D. Zhurka: Investigation, Writing - original draft. Angeliki A. Lemonidou: Resources, Writing - review & editing. Panagiotis N. Kechagiopoulos: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - review & editing, Supervision.Peer reviewedPostprin

Density functional theory studies of the uncatalysed gas-phase oxidative dehydrogenation conversion of n -hexane to hexenes

Density Functional Theory (DFT) modelling studies were conducted for the activation of n-hexane in the gas-phase under experimental conditions of 573, 673 and 773K. The aim of the study was to establish the most favourable radical mechanism for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of n-hexane to 1- and 2-hexene. Modelling of the 3-hexene pathway was omitted due to absence of this product in laboratory experiments. Computations were performed using GAUSSIAN 09W and molecular structures were drawn using the GaussView 5.0 graphics interface. The B3LYP hybrid functional and the 6-311+g(d,p) basis set were utilized for all the atoms. The most kinetically and thermodynamically favourable pathways are proposed based on the determination of the relative total energies (ΔE#, ΔE, ΔG# and ΔG) for the different reaction pathways. The initial C-H activation step is β-H abstraction from n-hexane (C6H14) by molecular oxygen (O2) to form the alkoxy (C6H13O•) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals. This is proposed as the rate-determining step (RDS) with the calculated ΔE# = +42.4 kcal/mol. Two propagation pathways that involve, separately, the C6H13O• and •OH radicals may lead to the formation of 2-hexene. In both the propagation pathways, the C6H13O• and •OH radicals activate further C6H14 molecules to produce C6H13OH and H2O, respectively, and the alkyl radicals (•C6H13). Thereafter, one pathway involves the interaction of the •C6H13 radical with further molecular O2, and leads to a second C-H activation step that yields 2-hexene and the peroxy radical (•OOH). The other pathway is associated with hydrogen transfer from the •OOH radical to C6H13OH that is produced earlier, leading to water and the alkyl peroxy radical (C6H13OO•). The C6H13OO• radical undergoes intramolecular H-abstraction to yield 2-hexene and the •OOH radical, and the latter disproportionate through intermediate •OH radicals to produce O2 and H2O in the termination step

Kinetic analysis of the steam reforming of ethanol over Ni/SiO2 for the elucidation of metal dominated reaction pathways

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Consumer Self-Identity, Emotions, Ethical Beliefs, and Authenticity about Ethical Purchasing of Consumer Goods for a Circular Economy Model

We examine how consumers' feelings of guilt and their ethical beliefs—precisely idealism and relativism—impact their purchasing decisions related to Greece's Circular Economy Model (CEM). By focusing on customer satisfaction and engagement, we aim to understand better how consumers interact with sustainable products within the circular economy, building upon Burke and Reitzes' (1981) Self-Identity Theory (SIT). Additionally, we explore how consumer authenticity influences the relationships between moral beliefs, guilt, and ethical purchasing behavior. A structured online questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms to address three research objectives. It included nine demographic and six structured questions. A convenience sample of 371 respondents from Athens, Thessaloniki, Patras, and Heraklion, consisting of Hellenic Open University students and coworkers buying eco-friendly products, participated. Statistical analysis tested seventeen research hypotheses, supporting eleven, rejecting five, and yielding inconclusive evidence for one. The study reveals a nonlinear positive association between ethical beliefs and three key factors: ethical purchasing behavior, purchase intention, and adopting sustainable consumer practices. Additionally, a linear positive relationship exists among adopting sustainable consumer behaviors, ethical purchasing behavior, and ethical purchase intention. The connections between ethical beliefs and the adoption of sustainable consumer practices, as well as those between ethical beliefs and ethical purchase intention, are influenced by consumer authenticity. The findings of this study have critical theoretical, research, managerial, and practical implications for academics and marketing managers, supporting the initial assumptions

Investigation of support effects during ethanol steam reforming over a Ni/Sepiolite catalyst

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