STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND 3D KINEMATIC RESTORATION OF THE SOUTHERN SUDBURY BASIN, ONTARIO.

This thesis addresses the spatial distribution of structures and deformation geometry in the southern Sudbury Basin, Ontario, a synclinal fold basin. Major components are low-temperature fabric development in the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC), the relation between fabrics and fold structures in Huronian rocks, and kinematic modeling of deformation of the southern Sudbury Basin. These topics lead to a synthetic model of the structural history of the SIC and its host rocks. Analysis of structures in the Norite layer of the SIC shows that this unit deformed under a single deformation regime and variable rheological conditions. This is evident by foliation planes, folded granitoid dikes, brittle shear faults and ductile high-strain zones. Brittle deformation preceded the formation of foliation planes and caused hydrolytic weakening of the Norite. Bulk thinning led to steepening of lithological contacts and igneous layering in the SIC. Structures in Huronian rocks and Sudbury Breccia display components of post-impact deformation that cannot be accounted for by thrusting along a high-strain zone, the so-called South Range Shear Zone, and by large-scale folding of the SIC. Shape change of the SIC from a convex outward to concave inward geometry led to basin-concentric shortening, the formation of a buckle fold of the SIC and axial-planar fabrics in Huronian rocks. Mutually perpendicular fabric orientations compatible with overall NW-SE shortening indicate that discordant foliations can form as a consequence of local strain perturbations near lithological contacts. Kinematic modelling of deformation based on field-based structural data tests the validity of trishear fault propagation folding as a possible deformation mechanism for the southern Sudbury Basin. Trishear deformation of the central South Range accounts for angular discordances between the upper and basal contacts of the SIC, local overturning of southern SIC, steepening of foliation planes, strain gradients in the Sudbury Basin, and thickness variations of SIC layers. Implications are shallowly dipping SIC layers both at greater depths and above the current erosion level, translation of Huronian rocks, and thinning in a section of the trishear zone manifested at surface by the South Range Shear Zone.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD

Structural and petrological investigations along a low-angle normal fault on Kythnos, Greece

Die in den westlichen Kykladen liegende griechische Insel Kythnos ist geprägt von Extensionsbewegungen miozänen Alters, die eine ältere Kompressions- und Extrusionsphase überprägen. Strukturgeologische Untersuchungen im südwestlichen Bereich der Insel Kythnos zeigen eine bisher unbeschriebene Abschiebung. Die große, nach SW einfallende, Störungszone wird durch mehrere Meter mächtige, extrem feinkörnige ultramylonitische Marmore und bis zu einem halben Meter mächtige Ultrakataklasite charakterisiert. Die lithologischen Einheiten auf Kythnos bestehen überwiegend aus einer metasedimentären Abfolge, die sich aus Chlorit-Epidot-Schiefern und Albit-Chlorit-Glimmerschiefern mit dazwischengeschalteten Marmorlagen zusammensetzt. Untergeordnet erscheinen auch metagabbroische Gesteine. Schiefer- und Marmorlagen zeigen eine intensive duktile Deformation, die in einer penetrativen Foliation und Minerallineation bemerkbar ist. Weiters können mehrere Faltungsphasen beobachtet werden. Diese bestehen vorwiegend aus einer subhorizontal Isoklinalverfaltung, welche durch eine aufrechte Faltung überprägt wird. Linsenförmige, von Talkschiefern umgebene, Metabasitkörper erscheinen hingegen wenig deformiert, denn diese Einheiten weisen noch Relikte eines primär magmatischen Gefüges auf. Deformation im spröd-duktilen Übergang zeichnet sich durch die Ausbildung von kalzitischen Marmorultramyloniten und kalzitisch- bis quarzitischen Kataklasiten aus. Eine spröde Deformationsphase wird von offenen und teils durch Erz verfüllten Klüften gekennzeichnet. Schersinnindikatoren entlang der Abschiebung, vorwiegend scc'-Gefüge und Klastgeometrien, weisen auf eine nach SSW gerichtete Bewegung hin. Die Bewegungsrichtung lässt sich mit ähnlichen Geometrien auf den benachbarten Inseln vergleichen. Eine Betrachtung des Gesamtgesteinschemismus der Metabasite erlaubt eine Klassifzierung und Zuordnung dieser Gesteine. Die Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung einzelner Mineralphasen aus Fe-Mn-reichen Metasedimenten ermöglicht deren Charakterisierung und einen Vergleich mit ähnlichen Lithologien auf benachbarten Inseln. Einer ausführliche Beschreibung der tektonischen und kinematischen Geschichte der Scherzone auf Kythnos leistet daher ein Beitrag sowohl zur Erfassung der regionalen geodynamischen Situation im Ägäischen Raum, als auch für das Verständis von Exhumationsprozessen im Allgemeinen.The island of Kythnos lies in the Western Cyclades, a group of islands south of Athens (Greece). The Cycladic islands are characterized by Miocene extension, which overprints earlier thrust and extrusion tectonics. Geological and structural investigations on southwestern Kythnos have revealed a hitherto undescribed major normal fault zone. A dominant feature of this large SW-dipping extensional shear zone is a several meters thick layer of an extremely fine-grained marble ultramylonite, along with an up to half a meter thick ultracataclasite. Lithologies on Kythnos are mostly metasedimentary rocks, such as chlorite-epidote-schists and albite-chlorite-mica schists intercalated with marble horizons. Furthermore, there are isolated outcrops of metagabbroic rocks. The schists and marbles show intense ductile deformation, with penetrative schistosity and mineral lineation. Several folding phases, especially in the gneisses and mylonitic marbles, can be observed. Generally, this appears as large-scale isoclinal subhorizontal folding, overprinted by upright folds. Isolated lenses of metabasites, enveloped within layers of talc-schists, are present within the greenschist-facies footwall rocks. These metagabbroic rocks preserve an original magmatic microstructure and appear largely undeformed. Ductile to brittle deformation produced calcite mylonites and calcite to quartzite cataclasites. The brittle overprint is pronounced in open fractures and joints associated with ore deposition. Shear sense indicators within the shear zone, predominantly scc'-fabrics and clast geometries, point to top to SSW-directed kinematics. This evidence of SSW-directed extensional kinematics is in accordance with the neighboring Western Cycladic islands. Whole-rock chemistry of the metabasites allows these lithologies to be classified in respect of their original composition. Mineral chemistry investigations on ferromanganoan metasediments enable characterization and a comparison with similar lithologies on adjacent islands. A detailed description of the tectonometamorphic history of Kythnos gives insight into the regional geodynamics in the Aegean Sea and to exhumation processes in general

Structural investigations along a low-angle normal fault zone (Kythnos, Greece)

Recent field investigations have revealed a high-strain zone in the south of Kythnos (Greece). Massive layers of ultrafine-grained Mn-rich calcitic mylonitic marbles and several generations of cataclasites hint at a high-strain event in the crust and are associated with a low-angle shear zone. We investigate fold-fault-relationships and deformation events preceding and post-dating normal faulting and compare the tectono-metamorphic history with adjacent islands in the Western Cyclades

Characteristics of low-angle normal fault formation on Kea (Western Cyclades, Greece)

The geology of Kea Island shows further evidence for low-angle normal fault (LANF) formation in the Western Cyclades. Structural investigations have demonstrated the existence of a hitherto unrecognised ductile-brittle shear zone with strikingly consistent top-to-SSW extensional kinematics together with a WNW-ESE oriented shortening component. The tectonostratigraphy comprises a >380 m thick, shallowly-dipping schist-calcite marble unit, overlain by ca. 150 m thick fault rocks consisting of cohesive cataclasites, ultramylonitic calcite marbles, brecciated dolostones and protomylonitic calcite marbles. The presence of blueschist-facies lenses and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology point to a significant role of LANFs in exhumation processes and greenschist-facies overprint during Miocene crustal evolution

Effective combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin with or without human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and/or erythropoietin in patients with advanced gastric cancer

A phase II trial was performed to determine the antitumour efficacy and tolerance of combined paclitaxel and cisplatin with or without hematopoetic growth factor support in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Forty-five patients with histologically confirmed metastatic gastric cancer were entered in this trial. Treatment consisted of 2-weekly courses of paclitaxel 160 mg per m2 and cisplatin 60 mg per m2 both given on day 1. Depending on absolute neutrophil counts on the days of scheduled chemotherapeutic drug administration (1000–2000 per μl), a 5-day course of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 5 μg kg−1 per day was given subcutaneously; in addition, if haemoglobin was <12.0 mg dl−1, erythropoietin 10 000 IU was administered subcutaneously three times per week. The confirmed overall response rate (intent-to-treat) was 44%, including five complete (11%) and 15 partial remissions (33%). Twelve patients had stable disease (27%), 11 (24%) progressed while on chemotherapy, and two patients were not evaluable. The median time to response was 3 months, the median time to progression 7.0 months, and the median survival time was 11.2 months with 12 patients currently alive. Haematologic toxicity was common, though WHO grade 4 neutropenia occurred in only five patients (11%). Apart from total alopecia in 16 patients (36%), severe non-haematologic adverse reactions included grade 3 peripheral neuropathy in six (13%) and anaphylaxis in two patients. In addition, there was one patient each who experienced grade 3 emesis, diarrhea, and infection, respectively. Our data suggest that the combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin with or without G-CSF and/or erythropoietin has promising therapeutic activity in patients with advanced gastric cancer

Die Auswirkungen von inhalativer Aromapflege auf postoperative Übelkeit und postoperatives Erbrechen bei Patient:innen nach chirurgischen Eingriffen

Hintergrund: Postoperative Übelkeit und postoperatives Erbrechen stellen mit einem durchschnittlichen Auftreten von 20-30% eine der häufigsten Komplikationen nach operativen Eingriffen dar. Nicht nur der postoperative Verlauf der Patient:innen wird negativ beeinflusst, auch unerwünschte Komplikationen, welche bis zum Herzstillstand reichen, können auftreten. Meist wird eine medikamentöse Therapie in Betracht gezogen, welche oftmals mit einer begrenzten Wirksamkeit und Nebenwirkungen verbunden ist. Daher ist es wichtig, eine komplementäre Therapie in Erwägung zu ziehen. Als nicht pharmakologische Methode wird hierzu die Aromapflege als wirkungsvolle Lösung betrachtet. Eine effektive Behandlung von PONV liegt im Interesse der Patient:innen und im Interesse des Gesundheitssystems allgemein.Forschungsfrage: Welchen Einfluss hat die inhalative Anwendung von Ingweröl auf die Schwere der postoperativen Übelkeit und des postoperativen Erbrechens bei Patient:innen nach chirurgischen Eingriffen?Methode: Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zwischen November 2023 bis Februar 2024 durchgeführt. Recherchiert wurde in den Datenbanken PubMed®, CINAHL® und Cochrane Library® sowie mittels einer Hand-suche in Google Scholar. Zusätzlich wurden die Referenzlisten der inkludierten Studien durchsucht. Nach dem Titel-, Abstract- und Volltextscreening konnten von insgesamt 213 Studien vier in diese Bachelorarbeit eingeschlossen werden. Ergebnis: In drei Studien wurde ein signifikanter Rückgang der postoperativen Übelkeit festgestellt und in drei Studien konnte eine signifikante Verringerung der postoperativen Erbrechensepisoden erzielt werden. Ebenfalls reduziert werden konnte durch die Anwendung des ätherischen Ingweröls der Bedarf an Antiemetika.Schlussfolgerung: Zusammenfassend kann aus den Ergebnissen der inkludierten Studien abgeleitet werden, dass die Inhalation von Ingweröl eine optimale nicht medikamentöse Methode zur Reduktion von PONV darstellt. Diese Methode legt ein Pflegekonzept dar, das in den Pflegealltag integriert werden kann. Jedoch ist mehr Forschung nötig, um die Wirksamkeit von Ingweröl weiter zu untersuchen und zu belegen.Background: Postoperative nausea and postoperative vomiting are one of the most common complications after surgery, with an average occurrence of 20-30%. Not only the patient’s postoperative course is negatively affected, undesirable complications including cardiac arrest can also occur. In most cases, medication therapy is considered, which is often associated with side effects and limited effectiveness. Therefore it is important to consider a complementary therapy. As a non-pharmacological method, aromatherapy is considered as an effective solution. Effective treatment oft PONV is in the interest of patients and the healthcare system in general. Research question: What effect does the inhalation of ginger oil have on the severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting at patients after surgery? Method: In order to answer the research question, an organized literature investigation was conducted between November 2023 until February 2024. The investigation was conducted utilizing the digital databases PubMed®, CINAHL® and Cochrane Library® and by means of a manual search in Google Scholar. In addition, the reference lists of the included studies were searched. After title, abstract and fulltext screening, four of a total of 213 studies were included in this bachelor thesis. Results: In three studies a significant reduction in postoperative nausea was observed and in three studies a significant reduction in postoperative vomiting was achieved. The use of ginger essential oil also reduced the need for antiemetics. Conclusion: In conclusion, from the results of the included studies, it can be inferred that the inhalation of ginger oil is an optimal non-pharmacological method to reduce PONV. This method represents a care concept that can be integrated into everyday care. However, more research is needed to further investigate and prove the effectiveness of ginger oil.Emily LenauerBachelorarbeit FH JOANNEUM 202

Development of a test rig for cable-guided transverse stretching in film production

Zusammenfassung in englischer SpracheAbweichender Titel nach Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers8

Pulsed laser deposition of Pt on Pt(111) : nucleation and growth

Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) is a method for growing thin films in which a high-power laser is used to vaporize the deposition material.In contrast to conventional thermal evaporation, PLD is characterized by very energetic impinging particles (ions, 50 -- 350 eV) and nearly instantaneous deposition. To elucidate these effects, we have started by depositing a very low Pt dose at a temperature of about 50 K, at which the adatoms are immobile. The adatom densities were analyzed using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). For high ion energies we observed more adatoms than deposited. This can be explained by "failed sputtering", i.e. atoms displaced out of the surface, but with insufficient energy for escape into vacuum. We have also studied deposition of higher doses at temperatures from 120 to 310 K. For low ion energies, where "failed sputtering" does not occur, the island densities can be explained by the mean--field nucleation theory adapted for the high instantaneous deposition rate. At higher ion energies, "failed sputtering" leads to a significant increase of the island densities.<br /