Corredor Biológico El Paso del Mono Aullador. Percepción de los actores sobre la relación con la naturaleza y su conservación en Abangares, Bagaces y Cañas, Costa Rica

El Corredor Biológico Paso del Mono Aullador (CBPMA) es uno de los sitios más importantes para la conservación y desarrollo de la provincia de Guanacaste. Debido al impacto de las actividades antropogénicas sobre los recursos naturales, es necesario conocer el estado de los recursos naturales en las comunidades de este corredor y el efecto de las actividades económico-productivas sobre estos, así como el nivel de conocimiento que los pobladores poseen acerca del CBPMA, y su percepción sobre el accionar del corredor. Basados en el análisis de datos obtenidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones en cinco comunidades ubicadas en el corredor, los resultados muestran que actividades como la ganadería, agricultura y la producción de cemento y camarones tienen un efecto directo sobre el bosque y el recurso hídrico. Pese a que las personas valoran a los recursos naturales como fundamentales para la vida, poseen un conocimiento limitado sobre el manejo, protección y conservación de los mismos. Desconocen además el accionar del CBPMA y sus posibles beneficios. Sin embargo, existe disposición para involucrarse activamente en actividades de conservación que permitan el bienestar de todas las personas. (Résumé d'auteur

Violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in glassy systems: basic notions and the numerical evidence

This review reports on the research done during the past years on violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) in glassy systems. It is focused on the existence of a quasi-fluctuation-dissipation theorem (QFDT) in glassy systems and the currently supporting knowledge gained from numerical simulation studies. It covers a broad range of non-stationary aging and stationary driven systems such as structural-glasses, spin-glasses, coarsening systems, ferromagnetic models at criticality, trap models, models with entropy barriers, kinetically constrained models, sheared systems and granular media. The review is divided into four main parts: 1) An introductory section explaining basic notions related to the existence of the FDT in equilibrium and its possible extension to the glassy regime (QFDT), 2) A description of the basic analytical tools and results derived in the framework of some exactly solvable models, 3) A detailed report of the current evidence in favour of the QFDT and 4) A brief digression on the experimental evidence in its favour. This review is intended for inexpert readers who want to learn about the basic notions and concepts related to the existence of the QFDT as well as for the more expert readers who may be interested in more specific results.Comment: 120 pages, 37 figures. Topical review paper . Several typos and misprints corrected, new references included and others updated. to be published in J. Phys. A (Math. Gen.

Historia literaria : Historia de la literatura

Historia y Literatura son dos conceptos que han mantenido una relación prolongada y conflictiva. Aunque con anterioridad al siglo XVIII pueden señalarse bastantes acercamientos entre Historia y Literatura, la cultura moderna fue la que aproximó ambas nociones para originar una clase de actividad intelectual en la que la Literatura se incorporó a los presupuestos teóricos y técnicos de la Historia. Desde entonces se ha hablado de Historia literaria y de Historia de la literatura como disciplinas humanísticas cuyo estatuto epistemológico ha sido y es aún ampliamente discutido. Observar el proceso de constitución de la Historia literaria/Historia de la literatura en el plano especulativo y en su descripción histórica referida a la Literatura española es el objetivo de este libro, que reúne las comunicaciones presentadas en un seminario internacional celebrado en la Universidad de Zaragoza en abril del año 2003. Los diecinueve trabajos que forman el libro abordan con penetración y originalidad tres niveles distintos en los que se formalizan los problemas relativos a la Historia literaria: 1) sus fundamentos, 2) la revisión diacrónica del modo como se ha construido, 3) el análisis de determinadas prácticas institucionales que han obrado en la Historia de la Historia de la literatura española

Natural Changes in Brain Temperature Underlie Variations in Song Tempo during a Mating Behavior

The song of a male zebra finch is a stereotyped motor sequence whose tempo varies with social context – whether or not the song is directed at a female bird – as well as with the time of day. The neural mechanisms underlying these changes in tempo are unknown. Here we show that brain temperature recorded in freely behaving male finches exhibits a global increase in response to the presentation of a female bird. This increase strongly correlates with, and largely explains, the faster tempo of songs directed at a female compared to songs produced in social isolation. Furthermore, we find that the observed diurnal variations in song tempo are also explained by natural variations in brain temperature. Our findings suggest that brain temperature is an important variable that can influence the dynamics of activity in neural circuits, as well as the temporal features of behaviors that some of these circuits generate

Consensus Paper: Radiological Biomarkers of Cerebellar Diseases

Hereditary and sporadic cerebellar ataxias represent a vast and still growing group of diseases whose diagnosis and differentiation cannot only rely on clinical evaluation. Brain imaging including magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear medicine techniques allows for characterization of structural and functional abnormalities underlying symptomatic ataxias. These methods thus constitute a potential source of radiological biomarkers, which could be used to identify these diseases and differentiate subgroups of them, and to assess their severity and their evolution. Such biomarkers mainly comprise qualitative and quantitative data obtained from MR including proton spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, tractography, voxel-based morphometry, functional imaging during task execution or in a resting state, and from SPETC and PET with several radiotracers. In the current article, we aim to illustrate briefly some applications of these neuroimaging tools to evaluation of cerebellar disorders such as inherited cerebellar ataxia, fetal developmental malformations, and immune-mediated cerebellar diseases and of neurodegenerative or early-developing diseases, such as dementia and autism in which cerebellar involvement is an emerging feature. Although these radiological biomarkers appear promising and helpful to better understand ataxia-related anatomical and physiological impairments, to date, very few of them have turned out to be specific for a given ataxia with atrophy of the cerebellar system being the main and the most usual alteration being observed. Consequently, much remains to be done to establish sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of available MR and nuclear medicine features as diagnostic, progression and surrogate biomarkers in clinical routine

Covid-19 pandemic impacts on follow-up of child growth and development

OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the use of primary health care services to follow-up the child growth and development in Brazil. METHOD A total of 7.9 million consultations of children (0–2 years old) across Brazil between March 2017 and May 2020 were studied. Differences between medians were analyzed using non-parametric tests, the Global Moran Index (IGM) and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association. RESULTS During the initial period of the pandemic, the median number of consultations was significantly lower than the same period in previous years, reducing more than 50%. The drop in 2020, compared to 2019, ranged from 49% to 62.2% across all regions of the country, except the South. The percentage reduction registered in 2019–2020 showed significant spatial autocorrelation (IGM = 0.20; p = 0.04), with the presence of low-low (states with reduction between 29% and 51%) and high-high (states with reduction between 55% and 69%) spatial clusters. CONCLUSION The covid-19 pandemic impacted the follow-up of child growth and development in primary health care services in Brazil, with a geographically uneven reduction

Reconstruction of primary vertices at the ATLAS experiment in Run 1 proton–proton collisions at the LHC

This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy. The measurement of the position and size of the luminous region and its use as a constraint to improve the primary vertex resolution are discussed. A longitudinal vertex position resolution of about 30μm is achieved for events with high multiplicity of reconstructed tracks. The transverse position resolution is better than 20μm and is dominated by the precision on the size of the luminous region. An analytical model is proposed to describe the primary vertex reconstruction efficiency as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing and of the longitudinal size of the luminous region. Agreement between the data and the predictions of this model is better than 3% up to seventy interactions per bunch crossing

Study of hadronic event-shape variables in multijet final states in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Constraints on parton distribution functions and extraction of the strong coupling constant from the inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe