537 research outputs found
Measurements of the composition of aerosol component of Venusian atmosphere with Vega 1 lander, preliminary data
Preliminary investigation of mass spectra of gaseous products of pyrolyzed Venusian cloud particles collected and analyzed by the complex device of mass-spectrometer and collector pyrolyzer on board Vega 1 lander revealed the presence of heavy particles in the upper cloud layer. Based on 64 amu peak (SO2+), an estimate of the lower limit of the sulfuric acid aerosol content at the 62 to 54 km heights of approximately 2.0 mg/cu m is obtained. A chlorine line (35 and 37 amu) is also present in the mass spectrum with a lower limit of the chlorine concentration of approximately 0.3 mg/ cu m
Distinct RNA profiles in subpopulations of extracellular vesicles: apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes
Introduction: In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of studies aiming to understand the biology of exosomes, as well as other extracellular vesicles. However, classification of membrane vesicles and the appropriate protocols for their isolation are still under intense discussion and investigation. When isolating vesicles, it is crucial to use systems that are able to separate them, to avoid cross-contamination. Method: EVs released from three different kinds of cell lines: HMC-1, TF-1 and BV-2 were isolated using two centrifugation-based protocols. In protocol 1, apoptotic bodies were collected at 2,000×g, followed by filtering the supernatant through 0.8 µm pores and pelleting of microvesicles at 12,200×g. In protocol 2, apoptotic bodies and microvesicles were collected together at 16,500×g, followed by filtering of the supernatant through 0.2 µm pores and pelleting of exosomes at 120,000×g. Extracellular vesicles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and the RNA profiles were investigated using a Bioanalyzer®. Results: RNA profiles showed that ribosomal RNA was primary detectable in apoptotic bodies and smaller RNAs without prominent ribosomal RNA peaks in exosomes. In contrast, microvesicles contained little or no RNA except for microvesicles collected from TF-1 cell cultures. The different vesicle pellets showed highly different distribution of size, shape and electron density with typical apoptotic body, microvesicle and exosome characteristics when analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry revealed the presence of CD63 and CD81 in all vesicles investigated, as well as CD9 except in the TF-1-derived vesicles, as these cells do not express CD9. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that centrifugation-based protocols are simple and fast systems to distinguish subpopulations of extracellular vesicles. Different vesicles show different RNA profiles and morphological characteristics, but they are indistinguishable using CD63-coated beads for flow cytometry analysis
Equity valuation thesis : EDP renewables
This dissertation has the intent of valuating EDP Renewables, a subsidiary company from EDP, listed on PSI20, inserted in the Utilities Industry - renewable energy. As a result of the energy sector transformations, fear of fossil fuel shortages and environmental protection, the progressive search for clean sources of power becomes essential to valuate companies that can be game changers.
To estimate the share price the Discounted Cash Flow method was used in both approaches: the Free Cash Flow to the Firm & the Free Cash Flow to Equity, obtaining thus an equity value of €m6.405 and €m6.248 respectively – this converts into a share price of €7.42 and €7.22. Rest on the Dividend Discount Model, the equity value is €m5.428 implying a share price of €6.28. As reported by the Multiples EV/Revenue, EV/EBITDA and Price/CF per share, prices of €8.60, €7.25 and €7.08 were estimated.
Finally a sensitivity analysis was performed due to the uncertainty associated the company’s environment. In conclusion, a final price of 7.11€ per share and a recommend a buy action is in order (actual price: €6.80). As benchmark, valuations from Morgan Stanley (€8.10) and Macquire Research (€6.2) which allowed us to conclude that the value reached in this thesis is in line with the opinion of others financial institutions and provides this dissertation with practical usefulness.Esta dissertação tem o objectivo de avaliar a EDP Renováveis, uma empresa subsidiária da EDP, listada na PSI20. Como resultado das transformações do setor de energia, o medo de escassez de combustíveis fóssil e proteção ambiental, a busca progressiva por fontes limpas de energia torna-se essencial para avaliar as empresas que podem ser crucias no mercado. Para estimar o preço da ação, o método Discounted Cash Flow foi utilizado nas suas duas abordagens: Free Cash Flow to the Firm & the Free Cash Flow to Equity, obtendo assim um valor de capital próprio de € m6.405 e € m6.248, respectivamente – traduzindo-se num preço de ação de € 7,42 e € 7,22. A partir do modelo de Dividend Discount Model, o valor patrimonial é de €5.428, o que implica um preço de ação de €6.28. Conforme relatado pelos múltiplos EV / Receita, EV / EBITDA e Preço / CF por ação, foram estimados os preços de € 8.60, € 7.25 e € 7.08. Finalmente, uma análise de sensibilidade foi realizada devido à incerteza associada ao ambiente económico e à Indústria em que empresa se insere. Em conclusão, um preço final de 7,16 € por ação e uma recomendação para comprar é devida (preço atual: 6,80 €). Como benchmark, as avaliações da Morgan Stanley (€8.10 e da Macquire Research (€6.2) permitiram concluir que o valor alcançado nesta tese está em linha com a opinião de outras instituições financeiras e fornece esta dissertação com utilidade prática
La Place des armements mixtes dans la mobilisation de l’arsenal de Brest
Le gros ouvrage dont nous rendons ici compte, constitue la publication intégrale d’une thèse soutenue en 2008 par Jean-Yves Nerzic à l’Université de Bretagne-Sud, avec comme objet l’analyse d’une page originale de l’histoire maritime française sous Louis XIV : les « armements mixtes », c’est-à-dire, selon les termes de l’auteur, « des armements pour lesquels des vaisseaux du roi sont prêtés, pour armer en course, à des particuliers réunis en une société de droit privé qui prennent en charge l..
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‘The most difficult financial matter that has ever presented itself’: paper money and the financing of warfare under Louis XIV
Based on an extensive survey of French primary sources and a discussion of the recent literature on fiscal policy in France and Europe during Louis XIV’s wars, this article revisits the rationale behind the first experiment with paper money undertaken by finance minister Michel Chamillart, comparing it to other belligerents’ strategies, in particular England’s, to adjust their monetary regime to the challenges of funding long wars of attrition. The article shows how concerns about economic activity, coinage, and the need to finance the war deficit led to a series of debasements of the French currency, the establishment of a bank in the form of a Caisse des emprunts and the introduction of mint bills, which became legal tender and caused the first experience of fiat money inflation in history. Whereas Chamillart’s personal shortcomings have been recently suggested as the cause of Louis XIV’s humbling in the War of the Spanish Succession, we argue on the contrary that the introduction of paper money in 1704 was key to the capacity of France to sustain its military effort, but that a succession of military defeats against a more powerful coalition led to inflation. We also argue that the introduction of paper money saved the Caisse des emprunts and its bonds which helped sustain the war effort up until the peace. By situating the use of paper money within the broader question of the exercise of power in the absolute monarchy, this article examines the formation of fiscal policy, paying attention to the ways in which government sought advice from experts. It concludes by calling for further studies on policy- and decision-making under Louis XIV
Pichevin, Hervé, Plouviez, David, Les Corsaires nantais pendant la Révolution
On connaît la page de Michelet opposant Nantes « ville de négriers » à Saint-Malo « ville de corsaires »… Nul doute que ce cliché ne soit à réviser sérieusement : la cité malouine, on le sait depuis les travaux d’Alain Roman, a eu ses négriers, mais Nantes n’a pas toujours boudé l’activité corsaire ! Au-delà de la réputation de grands capitaines nantais du temps de Louis xiv comme Jean Vié et Cassard, contraints cependant de commander hors de leur cit..
De Charybde en Scylla. Risques, périls et fortunes de mer du xvie siècle à nos jours
Annoncé par un titre percutant et pertinent, cet ouvrage substantiel, co-rédigé par deux spécialistes éminents de l’histoire des sociétés maritimes et littorales, vise à offrir à un public large une vision synthétique de cette dimension du « risque » que représente pour les hommes la mer. Servi par une grande clarté d’écriture et nourri par de multiples exemples concrets et vivants, puisés tant du côté du Ponant que du Levant grâce à la complémentarité ..
Saint-Malo, pôle marchand de la « première Modernité »
Dans le dernier tiers du xvie siècle, Saint-Malo va se différencier de la masse des petits ports de cabotage bretons en construisant des trafics de dimension internationale, vers Terre-Neuve et les marchés méditerranéens, l’Andalousie et les marchés hispano-américains, tout en conservant un lien fort avec le proche marché anglais. Port d’armement majeur avec une flotte croissante de navires bien armés capables de se défendre, Saint-Malo s’affirme aussi comme un véritable pôle marchand, appuyé sur son statut de port-franc, et renforcé par ses liens étroits avec les grands marchands exportateurs de toiles de Vitré, dont beaucoup vinrent s’installer dans la ville à la fin du siècle. Devenue maîtresse du pouvoir local en 1585-1590, l’élite négociante saura définir et suivre une stratégie d’autonomie face aux camps qui s’affrontent en France et en Europe ce qui lui permettra de traverser sans trop de mal la crise de la Ligue, et de pouvoir ainsi aborder dans des conditions favorables le xviie siècle.During the final part of the 16th century, Saint-Malo differed from other Breton ports practicing the coastal trade, by building trades of international scope, aimed at the Newfoundland and Mediterranean markets, Andalusia as well as the Hispano-American markets, while keeping strong links with the nearby English market. A first rate harbour with a growing fleet with well-gunned ships capable of self-defence, Saint-Malo was also a real merchant port, with “port-franc” status and a market place strengthened by its close links to Vitré’s great export-merchants of linen, many of whom came to live in the town at the end of the century. Having taken control of local power in 1585-1590, the merchant elite was able to define and follow a strategy of autonomy between the two warring camps in France and in Europe, that allowed Saint-Malo to emerge without major losses from the Wars of the League, and to begin the 17th century in favourable conditions
Une Histoire de la Nouvelle France. Français et Amérindiens au xvie siècle
Plutôt qu’à son titre, classique et un peu décalé, fions-nous au sous-titre de l’ouvrage – « Français et Amérindiens au xvie siècle » – pour en saisir l’objet, qui marque à plus d’un titre une rupture par rapport aux visions traditionnelles de l’installation des Français en Amérique du Nord au début de l’ère moderne. Celle-ci se marque d’abord sur le plan chronologique, en se focalisant sur un long xvie siècle allant de la dernière décennie du xve siècle (celle de la « découverte » des « terr..
Structure par terme et règle de politique monétaire
Théoriquement, les actions de politique monétaire \textit{via} le maniement des taux courts nominaux se transmettent à l'économie le long de la structure par terme des taux d'intérêt. L'absence de vérification empirique de ces relations entre les taux à différentes maturités, et partant de la transmission de la politique monétaire, remet en cause l'efficacité même des interventions des banques centrales. On peut cependant soutenir que les tests empiriques usuels qui remettent en cause la structure des taux peuvent être sujets à caution. En effet, ils utilisent seulement le passé des taux d'intérêt pour construire les anticipations de taux courts servant à calculer les taux longs théoriques qui sont ensuite comparés aux taux longs historiques. Or, il est commun à présent d'utiliser les règles de politiques monétaires pour modéliser l'action des banques centrales, en observant les évolutions de l'inflation et de l'activité. Nous tentons donc à l'aide d'un modèle macroéconomique et d'une règle monétaire de réconcilier l'idée d'une transmission de la politique monétaire des taux courts aux taux à plus long terme. Dans un premier temps, nous cherchons à déterminer un modèle macroéconomique simplifié de l'Allemagne de 1985 à 1998. Ensuite, nous simulons des séries de taux courts anticipés afin d'en déduire des taux à plus longue maturité. De la proximité constatée entre les taux observés à différentes échéances et les résultats des simulations, nous pourrons alors traiter de la pertinence de la théorie des anticipations de la structure par terme des taux.Structure par terme des taux ; test de la théorie des anticipations ; modèle macroéconomique ; règle monétaire ; simulations stochastiques
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