Hur många är för lite? - en kvantitativ studie kring regeringars åsikter om fertilitet

Problemet med låga fertilitetsnivåer har uppmärksammats och aktualiserats av både EU och FN. Denna uppsats har diskuterat fertilitetsnedgångar från ett regeringsperspektiv med hjälp av kvantitativ data rörande regeringars åsikter som fertilitet. Vi har försökt att inte bara kartlägga hur det ser ut utan också ta ytterligare ett steg i att förklara varför det ser ut som det gör. Detta har vi gjort genom att diskutera kring ett ideologiskt-, ett effektivitets- och ett EU-perspektiv. Resultaten har visat på att vi kan se en fortsatt stark regimtillhörighet i framförallt den nordiska, anglosaxiska, sydeuropeiska och öst- och centraleuropeiska regimen där rådande omsorgsmodeller har visat sig ha en fortsatt stark ställning. Den kontinentala regimen tycks röra sig mot en individuell modell och har därför luckrat upp vissa element inom familjepolitiken som tidigare varit starkt knutna till den manliga enförsörjarmodellen. Vi har också sett att effektivitet har en mer indirekt effekt då det troligen är genom EU: s rekommendationer och direktiv som barnomsorg och föräldraledighet har fått en sådan som genomslagkraft. 37 Avslutningsvis har vi konstaterat att alla våra tre utgångspunkter kan förklara synen på fertilitet och framförallt synen på införandet av olika policys olika väl vid olika skeden i åtgärdskedjan. Regimtillhörighet förlorar i betydelse då vi diskuterar vilken typ av åtgärder som införs och då är det istället en rimlig slutsats att det finns förklaringar på ett mer rationellt plan

A study of the professional values and perceptions of social workers, by Coetta Lou Berry, Emma McDonald Dawson, Moragh Lesslie Shepherd and Sally Hall Wood

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Mindfulness Practices in a First-Grade Classroom: Impact on Student Behavior and Student and Teacher Perceptions

There has been a rising interest in examining the effectiveness of implementing mindfulness practices to improve students’ behavior. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects that implementing mindfulness practices had on first-grade students’ off-task behaviors during lessons and transitions and to understand students’ and their teacher’s perceptions of the mindfulness practices that were implemented. A mindfulness intervention was implemented for three weeks. Tally sheets and journal entries were gathered to record and reflect on student behavior. Post-intervention surveys, individual student interviews, and a teacher interview were utilized to gather the participants’ perceptions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data was analyzed using the constant comparative method. Both the quantitative and qualitative data indicated that there was a limited impact on student behavior. Survey results indicated that most students had positive perceptions about the mindfulness intervention. The classroom teacher’s perceptions emphasized suggestions for improvement

Brooks Brothers

Brooks Brothers is the oldest clothing retailer and the first men’s ready-to-wear company in the United States, dating back to the early 19th century. The company has overcome various economic challenges throughout its existence such as the Great Depression, the market collapse of 2008, and the current Covid-19 pandemic. Brooks Brothers’ consumers value the quality of the apparel. Kimberly Lesslie, Assistant Manager at Brooks Brothers at Wrentham Village Premium Outlet, spoke about her career in fashion retailing and provided advice to students about to enter the job market

Investigations of biologically relevant free radicals utilizing novel gas-phase analytical techniques

The investigation of gas-phase radical cations as a method of modeling and exploring the fundamental chemical characteristics of radicals found in biological systems has generated substantial interest over the last decade. Gas-phase techniques overcome the difficulties incurred when studying the highly reactive and often transient species in solution where they are subject to undesirable side reactions. This dissertation aims to expand the body of knowledge regarding biological free radicals through the study of their gas-phase analogues. Specifically, the studies undertaken focus on the elucidation of the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics unencumbered by solvation and counter-ion effects. The majority of the projects presented herein focus on radical migration in amino acid- and peptide-based systems. The effect of metal ion complexation, in comparison to protonation, on the propensity for thiyl radicals to undergo hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and generate alpha-carbon (Calpha) radicals is investigated in depth. Two amino acids, cysteine (Cys) and its analogue homocysteine (Hcy), and the redox-active tripeptide glutathione (GSH) are evaluated using the combination of ion-molecule reactions (IMRs), infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. In all cases, species possessing Calpha-based radicals were found to be thermodynamically favorable compared to their thiyl-based radical counterparts due to the effect of captodative stabilization. Metal ion complexation was found, both experimentally and theoretically, to increase this effect in the order K⁺\u3eNa⁺\u3eLi⁺. Evaluation of the potential energy surface for alkali metal ion complexes of Cys and Hcy radicals revealed that the energy barrier towards S-to-Calpha radical migration followed the same trend. This explains the observation of radical migration via 1,4-HAT in metal-bound Hcy radicals. The more strained four-membered transition state did not allow for 1,3-HAT in Cys radical metal ion adducts. Although transition states were not calculated for radical migration within the GSH system, the experimental results indicate that alkali metal ions facilitate HAT also in the order K⁺\u3eNa⁺\u3eLi⁺ and all to a greater degree than seen in the protonated radical species. As a whole, these studies demonstrate that alkali metal ion complexation both stabilizes the radical ions and decreases the energy required for isomerization. In biological systems, radical migration is commonly observed between the side chains of redox-active amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) and Cys. This behavior is modeled both intramolecularly (via IMR of phenoxyl radical cations and a simple thiol neutral) and intermolecularly through analysis of the model peptide LysTyrCys. In both cases, Tyr-to-Cys radical migration was found to occur. The effect of hydrogen bonding and spin electron density on the phenoxyl radical (Tyr radical model) reactivity was evaluated using a series of aromatic model systems. As expected, IMRs revealed that higher radical delocalization and increased strength of hydrogen bonding decreased the reactivity of these oxygen-based radicals. Such observations agree with the notion that the kinetics of radical-initiated enzyme catalysis may be modulated by the local environment within the protein. The formation of radicals in building blocks of DNA is particularly concerning due to the severe consequences they can inflict (e.g., eventual mutagenesis and cancer). An initial attempt to study the fundamental chemistry of nucleobase radical cations is presented. Formation of the cytosine radical cation Cyt˙⁺ was achieved via oxidation of cytosine by Cu(II) in the gas phase, and the propensity of the ion to undergo several radical-driven reactions was screened using IMRs. Tautomer analysis was attempted using gas-phase infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy and a mixture of isomers with similar energies were found. This study represents a proof-of-principle for investigating the radical cations of the constituents of DNA using a combination of gas-phase techniques and computation chemistry

Technology versus Teller: An Economic Analysis of Automation Disruption in Banking Sector

For decades technology in the workforce has led to greater efficiency and prosperity. I will discuss the economic disruption of automation in the workforce. Specifically, its effect on the bank teller. My microeconomics approach into this concept gives an in-depth analysis of the technological implications for tellers. Current research indicates that automation is taking our jobs making bank tellers among the first to be unemployed. I find that automation can substitute and complement a teller. Automation can be cost saving, costly, and aid in retail banking business expansion. Consumer behavior ultimately influences business decision-making strategies on teller's role. The bank teller will cease to exist due to the automation of tasks in banking.Purchase College SUNYEconomicsBachelor of ArtsRocabado, Paola Suare

Enhancing Eukaryotic Cell-Free Systems through Genetic Engineering and Optimization of Protein Production Processes

Cell-free protein synthesis can circumvent the challenge of producing membrane proteins and toxic proteins in living cells. Its open environment permits the addition of specific components to enhance protein solubility and introduce novel chemical reactants, such as non-canonical amino acids, for site-specific protein modifications. Eukaryotic cell-free systems are particularly advantageous for producing complex proteins, as they support post-translational modifications and optimal protein folding conditions. However, cultivating mammalian cells, like the commonly used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for pharmaceutical protein production, is costly. This doctoral thesis aims to develop a cost-effective cell-free system for producing difficult-to-express proteins. To achieve this, an optimal gene location for stable CHO cell line development and subsequent preparation of translationally active cell lysate was identified. The efficiency of cell-free transcription was enhanced by incorporating T7 RNA polymerase into CHO cells, while translation initiation was improved by using CHO cells expressing a mutant of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2. Additionally, straightforward orthogonal cell-free translation was achieved by introducing orthogonal aminoacyl tRNA synthetases into CHO cells, facilitating the cell-free production of site-specifically modified membrane proteins. Furthermore, the identified locus in the CHO genome was utilized to create a tetracycline-inducible expression system, enabling both cell-free and inducible cell-based production of challenging proteins at desired time points and cell densities. Another goal of this research was to develop a yeast-based cell-free system using Pichia pastoris. This system combines the benefits of low-cost production, a eukaryotic environment, and the opportunity to synthesize difficult-to-express proteins. Moreover, it could be demonstrated that statistical Design of Experiments can be performed in a short time and on a small scale to identify optimal reaction parameters, facilitating the rapid adjustment of required protein synthesis conditions. In summary, the established methods streamlined induced cell-based expression and cell-free protein synthesis by minimizing the need for external supplements, improving protein production, and reducing costs

Concentración del fluoruro en marcas de sal de consumo humano en el distrito de Trujillo - 2019

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la concentracion de fluoruro en marcas de sal de consumo humano en el distrito de trujillo – 2019 MATERIALES Y METODOS: El estudio prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional, donde se utilizó 5 muestras de sal de trece marcas embolsadas y dos de marca suelta. Haciendo un total de 67 muestras analizadas. Todas estas sales que son adquiridas en los diferentes mercados y supermercados del distrito de trujillo, teniendo en cuenta que estas podrian en algunos casos ser adulteradas o falsificadas (materia de otro estudio de investigación) no seran tomadas encuenta en este caso. Se utilizó material común de laboratorio para este tipo de investigación: pipeta automática de 5 mL (1 unidad), pizeta (1 unidad), probeta de polietileno de 100 mL (1 unidad), soporte metálico para electrodo (1 unidad), vasos de polietileno de 25 – 50 mL, y se utilizó un fluorímetro de lectura directa 720 A (Electrodo ISE). Metodo: 1. Se midió 5 mL, de estándar 1 ppm fluoruro con TISAB, 5 mL de agua desionizada y 5 mL de TISAB II dentro de un vaso de polietileno de 25 mL, se agitó (el vaso contiene estándar de fluoruro 0.333 ppm). 2. Se lavó el electrodo con agua desionizada, se secó y luego se colocó en la solución preparada en el paso l. se agitó y finalmente se esperó para que la lectura se estabilice y se aceptó el valor. 3. Se midió 5 mL de estándar 10 ppm fluoruro con TISAB, 5 mL de agua desionizada y 5 mL de TISAB II dentro de un vaso de polietileno de 25 mL (el vaso contenía fluoruro estándar 3.33ppm). 4. Se lavó el electrodo con agua desionizada, se secó y colocó la solución preparada en el paso 3, se agitó y esperó hasta que la lectura se estabilice y se aceptó el valor. 5. Se pesó entre dos a tres gramos de sal, se homogeinizó, se diluyó con agua desionizada y aforó a 100 mL. De este aforo se midió 5 mL de muestra en estudio y 5 mL de TISAB II dentro de un envase de polietileno de 25 mL, se agitó completamente y esperó hasta que la lectura se estabilice, aceptándose luego el valor, este procedimiento se realizó por triplicado, para obtener un valor preciso. Para los datos analizados se contruyó tablas de frecuencia de una entrada con sus valores absolutos, se calculó el promedio y la desviación estandar de la variable cuantitativa y para determinar si hay diferencia de la concentración promedio de fluor de cada marca de sal de cocina se empleó la prueba de analis de varianza de un diseño completamente al lazar, luego una prueba de comparaciones multiples utilizando Duncan. Ambos pruebas con un nivel de significancia del 5%. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencia significativa ya que encontramos resultados desde 1.12 ppm hasta 275.51 ppm. La sal Marina, Sal de Mar, Cocina; Marina, Sal de Mar, Mesa; Bells, Sal Fina Mesa, I y F; Bells, Sal Gruesa Cocina, I y F; Sal Gruesa, Lobos, F y I; Sal Fina, Lobos, F y I y Sal a Granel, EMSAL sí son sales con concentraciones de fluoruro de acuerdo a lo que dice su empaque y también cumplen con los rangos que proporciona la Norma Técnica Peruana y la OMS, el cual fue el 46,7% de muestras estudiadas. Y La sal Sal Marina, Nutri Mix; Sal Yodada, Mesa Finita, Pro desmil; Sal, Salerita Yodada Mesa; Costa Blanca Premium, Mesa; Sal Rosada, Maras, Gourmet; Biosal; Sal Maras Gruesa, Balanzé y Sal a Granel Granulada, éstas sales no presentan en sus empaques detalles de la cantidad de fluoruro que contienen y no cumplen con los rangos proporcionados por la Norma Técnica Peruana y la OMS, el cual fue el 53,3% de las muestras estudiadas. CONCLUSIÓN: La sal Marina, Sal de Mar, Cocina; Marina, Sal de Mar, Mesa; Bells, Sal Fina Mesa, I y F; Bells, Sal Gruesa Cocina, I y F; Sal Gruesa, Lobos, F y I; Sal Fina, Lobos, F y I y Sal a Granel, EMSAL sí son sales con concentraciones de fluoruro de acuerdo a lo que dice su empaque y también cumplen con los rangos que proporciona la Norma Técnica Peruana y la OMS. La sal Sal Marina, Nutri Mix; Sal Yodada, Mesa Finita, Pro desmil; Sal, Salerita Yodada Mesa; Costa Blanca Premium, Mesa; Sal Rosada, Maras, Gourmet; Biosal; Sal Maras Gruesa, Balanzé y Sal a Granel Granulada, éstas sales no presentan en sus empaques detalles de la cantidad de fluoruro que contienen y no cumplen con los rangos proporcionados por la Norma Técnica Peruana y la OMS.This study aimed to validate the concentration of fluoride in salt brands for human consumption in the district of Trujillo – 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study, 5 salt samples from 13 bagged brands and two loose brand. Making a total of 67 samples analyzed. All these salts that are acquired in the different markets and supermarkets of the district of Trujillo taking into account that these could in some cases be adulterated or falsified (subject of another research study) will not be taken into account in this case. Commonly used laboratory material was used for this type of research: 5 mL automatic pipette (1 unit), Pizette (1 unit), 100 mL polyethylene test tube (1 unit), Metal electrode holder (1 unit), 25-50 mL polyethylene cups and a 720 A direct reading fluorimeter (ISE electrode) was used. Method: 1. 5 mL, of standard 1 ppm fluoride with TISAB, 5 mL of deionized water and 5 mL of TISAB II was measured inside a 25 mL polyethylene vessel, stirred (the vessel contains 0.333 ppm fluoride standard) . 2. The electrode was washed with deionized water, dried and then placed in the solution prepared in step 1. It was stirred and finally waited for the reading to stabilize and the value was accepted. 3. 5 mL of standard 10 ppm fluoride was measured with TISAB, 5 mL of deionized water and 5 mL of TISAB II in a 25 mL polyethylene vessel (the vessel contained standard 3.33ppm fluoride). 4. The electrode was washed with deionized water, dried and placed the solution prepared in step 3, stirred and waited until the reading stabilized and the value was accepted. 5. It was weighed between two to three grams of salt, homogenized, diluted with deionized water and added to 100 mL. From this capacity, 5 mL of the sample under study and 5 mL of TISAB II were measured in a 25 mL polyethylene container, completely stirred and waited until the reading stabilized, then the value was accepted, this procedure was performed in triplicate , to obtain an accurate value. For the analyzed data, frequency tables of an input with their absolute values were constructed, the average and the standard deviation of the quantitative variable were calculated and to determine if there is a difference in the average fluorine concentration of each brand of cooking salt, it was used the test of variance analysis of a completely laced design, then a test of multiple comparisons using Duncan. Both tests with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The results obtained showed a significant difference since we found results from 1.12 ppm to 275.51 ppm. Sea salt, Sea salt, Kitchen; Marina, Sea Salt, Mesa; Bells, Sal Fina Mesa, I and F; Bells, Coarse Salt Cooking, I and F; Coarse Salt, Lobos, F and I; Fine Salt, Lobos, F and I and Bulk Salt, EMSAL are salts with fluoride concentrations according to what their packaging says and also comply with the ranges provided by the Peruvian Technical Standard and the WHO, which was 46 , 7% of samples studied. And Salt Sea Salt, Nutri Mix; Yodada Salt, Mesa Finita, Pro demil; Salt, Salerita Yodada Mesa; Costa Blanca Premium, Mesa; Pink Salt, Maras, Gourmet; Biosal; Maras Coarse Salt, Balanzé and Granulated Bulk Salt, these salts do not present in their packages details of the amount of fluoride they contain and do not meet the ranges provided by the Peruvian Technical Standard and WHO, which was 53.3% of the samples studied. CONCLUSION: Sea salt, Sea salt, Kitchen; Marina, Sea Salt, Mesa; Bells, Sal Fina Mesa, I and F; Bells, Coarse Salt Cooking, I and F; Coarse Salt, Lobos, F and I; Fine Salt, Lobos, F and I and Bulk Salt, EMSAL are salts with fluoride concentrations according to what their packaging says and also comply with the ranges provided by the Peruvian Technical Standard and WHO. Salt Sea salt, Nutri Mix; Yodada Salt, Mesa Finita, Pro demil; Salt, Salerita Yodada Mesa; Costa Blanca Premium, Mesa; Pink Salt, Maras, Gourmet; Biosal; Maras Coarse Salt, Balanzé and Granulated Bulk Salt, these salts do not present in their packages details of the amount of fluoride they contain and do not meet the ranges provided by the Peruvian Technical Standard and WHOTesi

COMBINING THE POWER OF IRMPD WITH ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS: THE STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF RADICAL IONS OF CYSTEINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES

Most of the work on peptide radical cations has involved protons as the source of charge. Nonetheless, using metal ions as charge sources often offers advantages like stabilization of the structure via multidentate coordination and the elimination of the �mobile proton�. Moreover, characterization of metal-bound amino acids is of general interest as the interaction of peptide side chains with metal ions in biological systems is known to occur extensively. In the current study, we generate thiyl radicals of cysteine and homocysteine in the gas phase complexed to alkali metal ions. Subsequently, we utilize infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) and ion-molecule reactions (IMR) to characterize the structure and reactivity of these radical ions. Our group has worked extensively with the cysteine-based radical cations and anions, characterizing the gas-phase reactivity and rearrangement of the amino acid and several of its derivatives. In a continuation of this work, we are perusing the effects of metal ions as the charge bearing species on the reactivity of the sulfur radical. Our S-nitroso chemistry can easily be used in conjunction with metal ion coordination to produce initial S-based radicals in peptide radical-metal ion complexes. In all cases we have been able to achieve radical formation with significant yield to study reactivity. Ion-molecule reactions of metallated radicals with allyl iodide, dimethyl disulfide, and allyl bromide have all shown decreasing reactivity going down group 1A. Recently, we determined the experimental IR spectra for the homocysteine radical cation with Li+, Na+, and K+ as the charge bearing species at the FELIX facility. For comparison, the protonated IR spectrum of homocysteine has previously been obtained by our group. A preliminary match of the IR spectra has been confirmed. Finally, calculations are underway to determine the bond distances of all the metal adduct structures

Los comprobantes de pago electrónicos y su incidencia en la evasión tributaria en la empresa Misfiles S.A.C. del distrito de Trujillo del año 2018

El presente trabajo investigativo tiene como propósito determinar la incidencia de los comprobantes de pago electrónicos en la disminución de la evasión tributaria de la empresa Misfiles S.A.C. en el Distrito de Trujillo del año 2018. Para lograr este propósito se utilizó como muestra documentos, registros y libros contables de la empresa MISFILES S.A.C, 2017 y 2018. La problemática de la empresa radica en que cuenta con ventas registradas con montos erróneos, ventas realizadas registradas como anuladas, compras doblemente registradas y compras registradas sin comprobante de pago físico, lo que ocasiona evasión tributaria en la empresa, puesto a que sus ventas y compras declaradas está conforme a las que se encuentran registradas en sus libros. El tipo de investigación de acuerdo a la orientación fue aplicativa y de acuerdo al diseño de contrastación es cuasi-experimental, asimismo las técnicas de recolección de datos que se utilizó fueron el análisis documental y la hoja de registro de datos; de tal manera que el instrumento utilizado fue la ficha de registro de datos. A través de la investigación llevada a cabo se determinó y cuantificó la evasión tributaria en cuanto al impuesto general a las ventas y el impuesto a la renta, debido a que los comprobantes de pago manuales y su registro presentan inconsistencias, por lo que el sistema de comprobantes de pago electrónicos es una herramienta eficaz y eficiente para las operaciones contables, así como para disminuir la evasión tributaria. Por lo que se concluye que la emisión de comprobantes de pago electrónico incide en la disminución de la evasión tributaria.The purpose of this research work is to determine the incidence of electronic payment receipts in reducing tax evasion of the company Misfiles S.A.C. in the District of Trujillo of the year 2018. To achieve this purpose it was used as sample documents, records and accounting books of the company MISFILES S.A.C, 2017 and 2018. The problem of the company is that it has registered sales with erroneous amounts, sales made registered as voided, purchases double registered and purchases registered without proof of physical payment, which causes tax evasion in the company, since its sales and purchases declared according to those found in their books. The type of research according to the orientation was applicative and according to the design of contrast is quasi-experimental, also the data collection techniques that were used were the documentary analysis and the data record sheet; in such a way that the instrument used was the data record card. Through the investigation carried out the tax evasion was determined and quantified in terms of the general sales tax and the income tax, because the manual payment vouchers and their registration present inconsistencies, so the system of Electronic proof of payment is an effective and efficient tool for accounting operations, as well as to reduce tax evasion. Therefore, it is concluded that the issuance of electronic payment vouchers affects the reduction of tax evasion.Tesi