Le dernier voyage des migrants mexicains. Ethnographie du retour des défunts

Este articulo pretende reflexionar sobre el regreso a México de los migrantes fallecidos en Estados Unidos. Cuenta las etapas del viaje al narrar él de la difunta Loyola desde el aeropuerto regional hasta la casa familiar en México. Alude a los actores que participan en la repatriación (los Estados mexicano y estadounidense, las funerarias y las familias) haciendo hincapié en las modalidades de reapropiación del difunto por los familiares que radican en México.Cet article propose une réflexion sur le retour au Mexique des migrants décédés aux Etats-Unis. Il retrace les étapes de leur voyage en narrant celui de la défunte Loyola de l'aéroport régional à la maison familiale au Mexique. Il évoque les acteurs qui participent à ce rapatriement (les Etats mexicain et étatsunien, les pompes funèbres et les familles) en mettant l'accent sur les modalités de réappropriation du mort par la parentèle résidant au Mexique

Des politiques publiques en faveur des citoyens à l’étranger:: la gestion de la souffrance des migrants mexicains

International audienceAu Mexique, depuis la fin des années 1990, les gouvernements de l’Etat fédéral et des Etats régionaux mexicains ont mis en place des politiques publiques pour aider financièrement et administrativement les migrants mexicains aux Etats-Unis et leurs familles dans les démarches d’une vie quotidienne transnationale. Cet article postule qu’une partie importante de ces aides constitue un système structuré d’assistance que l’auteur qualifie de « gestion publique de la souffrance en migration ». Ce système d’aide a des fonctions spécifiques, notamment celle de maintenir les migrants dans le corps politique de leur pays d’origine. Il a aussi des effets sur la conception de la nation et du citoyen au Mexique, en particulier parce qu’il fait des migrants résidant hors du pays des bénéficiaires de politiques publiques spécifiques

El indianismo en la América hispánica. Una nebulosa política equívoca

Durante la colonización española, el término "indio" designaba a los habitantes precolombinos de las Américas que pagaban el tributo. En la actualidad, demógrafos y empadronadores contabilizan a los indios en base a los grupos étnicos (maya, mapuche, quechua) y a marcadores culturales fluctuantes. Paralelamente, en los escenarios políticos nacionales e internacionales, los indígenas son cada vez más numerosos. En concordancia con las preocupaciones contemporáneas, hablan de clase, cultura, ecología o desarrollo sostenible. Utilizan tecnologías de punta, en particular los medios de comunicación electrónicos. La mayoría vive, trabaja y se moviliza en colaboración con las ONGs, asociaciones variadas, y "mestizos" de todos los orígenes geográficos y nacionales.  

Analyse du patrimoine urbain au travers d'un festival d'arts de rue: de quelle manière un festival d'arts de rue peut valoriser le patrimoine urbain d’une ville?

Une contextualisation des arts de la rue, les parties prenantes, les enjeux du domaine seront traités. Par la suite, la place de la ville dans les expressions artistiques sera abordée avec en parallèle le théâtre classique pour finalement analyser l’utilisation et la place de l’espace public ainsi que le patrimoine en ville de La Chaux-de-Fonds, pour terminer par la plus-value touristique d’un festival d’arts de rue

Does regulating private long-term care facilities lead to better care? a study from Quebec, Canada

Objective. In the province of Quebec, Canada, long-term residential care is provided by 2 types of facilities: publicly-funded accredited facilities and privately-owned facilities in which care is privately financed and delivered. Following evidence that private facilities were delivering inadequate care, the provincial government decided to regulate this industry. We assessed the impact of regulation on care quality by comparing quality assessments made before and after regulation. In both periods, public facilities served as a comparison group. Design: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2010-2012 that incorporates data collected in 1995-2000. Settings. Random samples of private and public facilities from 2 regions of Quebec. Participants. Random samples of disabled residents aged 65 years and over. In total, 451 residents from 145 care settings assessed in 1995-2000 were compared to 329 residents from 102 care settings assessed in 2010-2012. Intervention. Regulation introduced by the province in 2005, effective February 2007. Main outcome measure. Quality of care measured with the QUALCARE Scale. Results. After regulation, fewer small-size facilities were in operation in the private market. Between the 2 study periods, the proportion of residents with severe disabilities decreased in private facilities while it remained over 80% in their public counterparts. Meanwhile, quality of care improved significantly in private facilities, while worsening in their public counterparts, even after controlling for confounding. Conclusions. The private industry now provides better care to its residents. Improvement in care quality likely results in part from the closure of small homes and change in resident case-mix

Comparing the resident populations of private and public long-term care facilities over a fifteen-year period: a study from Quebec, Canada

In the province of Quebec, Canada, long-term residential care is provided by two types of facilities: privately-owned facilities in which care is privately financed and delivered, and publicly-subsidised accredited facilities. There are few comparative data on the residents served by the private and public sectors, and none on whether their respective population has changed over time. Such knowledge would help plan services for older adults who can no longer live at home due to increased disabilities. This study compared 1) the resident populations currently served by private and public facilities and 2) how they have evolved over time. The data come from two cross-sectional studies conducted in 1995-2000 and 2010-2012. In both studies, we randomly selected care settings in which we randomly selected older residents. In total, 451 residents from 145 settings assessed in 1995-2000 were compared to 329 residents from 102 settings assessed in 2010-2012. In both study periods, older adults housed in the private sector had fewer cognitive and functional disabilities than those in public facilities. Between the two study periods, the proportion of residents with severe disabilities decreased in private facilities while it remained over 80% in their public counterparts. Findings indicate that private facilities care today for less-disabled older adults, leaving to public facilities the heavy responsibility of caring for those with more demanding needs. These trends may impact both sectors’ ability to deliver proper residential care

Examination of blood flow using vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli: stability and reproducibility

Blood flow distribution relies on the vasculature’s ability to vasodilate and vasoconstrict throughout the body. Most previous research has focused on only one of these abilities, either vasodilation or vasoconstriction. For example, Thijssen et al. (2005) focused their research on vasodilation by studying reactive hyperemia, while Kinuyoshi et al. (2003) studied the possible vasoconstriction effect with increasing muscle sympathetic nerve activity. The purpose of this study was to assess vascular function using a variety of stimuli to potentially learn more about overall vascular health, while determining the stability and reliability of blood flow measurements using strain gauge plethysmography. Measures of vascular function were examined in 12 individuals [age=21±1 yrs]. Right lower leg resting arterial inflow, post occlusion reactive hyperemia, dynamic exercise blood flow, and blood flow following a cold stimulus were assessed on two separate occasions. The average resting arterial inflow was 2.27 ± 1.06 ml/100ml/min, reactive hyperemic blood flow was 19.42 ± 6.37 ml/100ml/min, exercise blood flow was 27.37 ± 14.95 ml/100ml/min, and blood flow following a cold stimulus was 1.53 ± 0.89 ml/100ml/min. A rather unique finding was the associations between the stimuli blood flow responses, by which those with the greatest reactive hyperemia blood flow responses also exhibited the greatest exercise blood flows and greatest drop in blood flow following the cold stimulus. In conclusion, the pattern of the blood flow responses and the correlations among the measurements, in addition to being stable and reliable, provide us with a greater understanding of the blood flow distribution properties of the vasculature

Do Cortisol Levels Affect Performance on SDMT in People With MS

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Subsequent demyelination and neural degeneration, caused by immune dysfunction, leads to cognitive impairments among other symptoms seen in people with MS. Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is released during the body’s stress response. Cortisol levels tend to be higher in those with chronic stress. Since MS is a chronic disease, people with MS tend to have elevated levels of cortisol. Cortisol may worsen the severity of MS symptoms and lead to more cognitive dysfunction. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is given to people with MS to assess their psychomotor functioning and cognitive processing speed. The SDMT is a good indicator of cognitive function in MS. This study aims to determine whether higher cortisol levels in people with MS leads to a worse performance on the SDMT. Methods: 58 patients with a MS diagnosis were enrolled in the study. The SDMT was administered to each of the patients. 34 patients were determined to be in the impaired group (SDMT t-score 41) based on their test performance. The two groups were compared via ANOVA analysis using SPSS version 26. Hair samples were collected from the patients and cortisol levels were recorded, giving an estimate of the average stress levels over the previous 3-month period. The relationship between cortisol level and SDMT t-scores were measured using bivariate correlation. Results: Results of the analysis showed that there was there was a significant negative correlation within the impaired group (r=-0.36 p=0.04), but there was no significant correlation between cortisol and performance on the SDMT in the unimpaired group (r=-0.39 p=0.06). ANOVA analysis determined that the two groups differed by age (f= 4.98 p=0.03) and level of education (f=12.61 p=0.01), but not by disease duration or cortisol levels. Conclusions: The results show there is a negative correlation between cortisol levels and performance on the SDMT meaning as cortisol levels increase, performance on the SDMT decreases. The correlation between hair cortisol and SDMT performance in the non-impaired group was not statistically significant, but the r -0.39 is actually larger than the effect size in the impaired group. The non-significant result is likely the result of not having a large enough sample size in the unimpaired group. There appears to be a similar relationship between cortisol levels and SDMT performance regardless of whether the participants are performing in the average range or below such that cognitive performance decreases as cortisol levels rise