Economic valuation of forests and nature : a support tool for effective decision making

Included are several case studies, like: The Leuser ecosystem, Sumatra; The Borivili National Park, India; Tropical rain forests, Costa Rica; Mangrove forests, Philippines. This document has been prepared by: IAC and EC-LN

Radiology education in Europe: Analysis of results from 22 European countries.

AimTo assess the state of radiology education across Europe by means of a survey study.MethodsA comprehensive 23-item radiology survey was distributed via email to the International Society of Radiology members, national radiological societies, radiologists and medical physicists. Reminders to complete the survey were sent and the results were analyzed over a period of 4 mo (January-April 2016). Survey questions include length of medical school and residency training; availability of fellowship and subspecialty training; number of residency programs in each country; accreditation pathways; research training; and medical physics education. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and summarize data.ResultsRadiology residency training ranges from 2-6 years with a median of 5 years, and follows 1 year of internship training in 55% (12 out of 22) European countries. Subspecialty fellowship training is offered in 55% (12 out of 22) European countries. Availability for specialization training by national societies is limited to eight countries. For nearly all respondents, less than fifty percent of radiologists travel abroad for specialization. Nine of 22 (41%) European countries have research requirements during residency. The types of certifying exam show variation where 64% (14 out of 22) European countries require both written and oral boards, 23% (5 out of 22) require oral examinations only, and 5% (1 out of 22) require written examinations only. A degree in medical physics is offered in 59% (13 out of 22) European countries and is predominantly taught by medical physicists. Nearly all respondents report that formal examinations in medical physics are required.ConclusionComparative learning experiences across the continent will help guide the development of comprehensive yet pragmatic infrastructures for radiology education and collaborations in radiology education worldwide

Long-lasting effect of oral azithromycin taken by women during labour on infant nutrition: Follow-up cohort of a randomized clinical trial in western Gambia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of administering an oral dose of 2g of azithromycin in Gambian women during labour on infant growth. METHODS: Children whose mothers had been randomized to receive either an oral dose of 2g of azithromycin or placebo during labour were visited at home at the end of infancy by trained study nurses blind to the treatment allocation. The follow-up visit of these cohorts (exposed and non-exposed to azithromycin), which was not part of the original trial design, was conducted between November 2014 and May 2015 when the infants were 11 to 13 months of age. During visits, nurses recorded anthropometrical measurements and transcribed information from the infants' welfare cards. RESULTS: Four-hundred and sixty-five (79.6%) of the 584 infants aged 11-13 months at the time of the survey were recruited. The proportion of children with an age-adjusted Z-score <-2SD for mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) was lower among those exposed to azithromycin [1.3% versus 6.3%, OR = 0.21 95%CI (0.06,0.72), p = 0.006] and there was weak evidence of a difference in the proportion of infants with weight-for-age (WAZ) Z-score <-2SD [7.1% versus 12.1%, OR = 0.58 95%CI (0.33,1.04), p = 0.065]. For all other malnutrition indicators the proportions were similar in the exposed and un-exposed cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that azithromycin in labour may have a beneficial effect in MUAC among children who are below the curve. Larger studies with closer follow-up are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION (MAIN TRIAL): ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01800942

Maternal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and Group B streptococcus is associated with colonization in newborns.

OBJECTIVES: Although Staphylococcus aureus and Group B streptococcus (GBS) are major causes of neonatal sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa, it is unclear how these bacteria are transmitted to the neonate. METHODS: In a cohort of 377 Gambian women and their newborns, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at delivery (day 0), and 3, 6, 14 and 28 days later. Breast milk samples and vaginal swabs were collected from the mother. Staphylococcus aureus and GBS were isolated using conventional microbiological methods. RESULTS: Most women were carriers of S. aureus (264 out of 361 with all samples collected, 73.1%) at some point during follow up and many were carriers of GBS (114 out of 361, 31.6%). Carriage of S. aureus was common in all three maternal sites and GBS was common in the vaginal tract and breast milk. Among newborns, carriage of S. aureus peaked at day 6 (238 out of 377, 63.1%) and GBS at day 3 (39 out of 377, 10.3%). Neonatal carriage of S. aureus at day 6 was associated with maternal carriage in the breast milk adjusted OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.45-4.45, vaginal tract (aOR 2.55; 95% CI 1.32-4.92) and nasopharynx (aOR 2.49; 95% CI 1.56-3.97). Neonatal carriage of GBS at day 6 was associated with maternal carriage in the breast milk (aOR 3.75; 95% CI 1.32-10.65) and vaginal tract (aOR 3.42; 95% CI 1.27-9.22). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal colonization with S. aureus or GBS is a risk factor for bacterial colonization in newborns

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PADA BAYI DENGAN PNEUMOTORAKS DI RUANG KENANGA RSUD Prof. DR. W. Z. JOHANNES KUPANG TANGGAL 03 S/D 08 JULI TAHUN 2017

Latar belakang: Pneumotoraks adalah kondisi adanya udara di rongga pleura. Penyebabnya bisa terjadi secara spontan, karena trauma benda tumpul, benda tajam atau karena benturan pada daerah dada, dan bisa terjadi karena komplikasi dari penyakit paru yang mendahuluinya. Tujuan: Dapat menerapkan Asuhan Kebidanan pada pasien bayi dengan pneumotoraks dengan menggunakan pendekatan manajemen kebidanan Varney sehingga dapat menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan di Ruang Kenanga Rsud Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. Metode penelitian: Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah anak sakit dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah bayi dengan pneumotoraks di Ruang Kenanga Rsud Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil asuhan yang diberikan pada bayi dengan pneumotoraks, telah diterapkan asuhan kebidanan dengan menggunakan pendekatan manajemen varney yaitu pengkajian, analisa masalah dan diagnosa, antisipasi masalah potensial, tindakan segera, perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi

PENGARUH METODE THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS)BERBANTUAN MEDIA ROULETTE KEBERUNTUNGAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS NEGOSIASI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X DESAIN PEMODELAN INFORMASI DAN BANGUNAN SMK NEGERI 1 KOTA MOJOKERTO

ABSTRAK PENGARUH METODE THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) BERBANTUAN MEDIA ROULETTE KEBERUNTUNGAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS NEGOSIASI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X DESAIN PEMODELAN INFORMASI DAN BANGUNAN SMK NEGERI 1 KOTA MOJOKERTO Nama : FikraArdianusLette NIM : 15020074138 Program Studi : Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Jurusan : Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas : Bahasa dan Seni Nama Lembaga : Universitas Negeri Surabaya Pembimbing : Dra.TrinilTuristiani, M. Pd.. Tahun : 2019 Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas X SMK dalam kurikulum 2013 revisi terbaru merupakan pembelajaran yang tidak terlepas dari menulis. Seperti halnya dalam kompetensi dasar Teks Negosiasi. Penerapan kegiatan Negosiasi ini tidak hanya berbentuk lisan tetapi juga berbentuk tulisan yaitu berupa teks negosiasi yang memudahkan seseorang dalam berinteraksi. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam hal tersebut, perlu adanya metode serta media yang tepat. Metode serta media tersebut adalah metode ThinkPairShare (TPS) berbantuan media Roulettekeberuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode ThinkPairShare (TPS) berbantuan media roulette keberuntungan terhadap kemampuan menulis teks negosiasi peserta didik kelas X desain pemodelan informasi dan bangunan SMK Negeri 1 Kota Mojokerto. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian True Experimental Design dengan model pretes-posttets group design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas X DPIB 2 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas X DPIB 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan metode Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantuan media Roulette keberuntungan terhadap kemampuan menulis teks negosiasi berjalan dengan baik. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan aktivitas pendidik kelas kontrol memerolehnilai 66% dan aktivitas peserta didik memerolehnilai 63%, sedangkan aktivitas pendidik kelas eksperimen memeroleh nilai 81% dan aktivitas peserta didik memerolehnilai 90%. Hasil belajar peserta didik menggunakan metode Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantuan media Roulette keberuntungan mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan kenaikan rata-rata nilai kelas eksperimen dari 37% ke 81% dengan selisih 44% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan metode konvensional dengan kenaikan rata-rata nilai 64% ke 80% dengan selisih 16%. Selain itu, hasil hitung t menunjukan bahwa thitunglebih besar dari ttabelyaitu (5,8 ≥ 2,26), dengan demikian hipotesis kerja diterima. Selajutnya hasil respon peserta didik yang baik terhadap penggunaan metode Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantuan media Roulette keberuntungan saat pembelajaran menulis teks negosiasi. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan presentasi peserta didik yang menjawab “Ya” sebanyak 97,17% dan yang menjawab “Tidak” sebanyak 2,82%. Kata Kunci :Pengaruh Metode TPS, Media Roulette, Kemampuan Menulis Teks Negosiasi. ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) METHOD ASSISTED FOR LUCK ROULETTE MEDIA ON WRITING ABILITY OF TEXT NEGOTIATION PARTICIPANTS IN CLASS X DESIGN MODELING OF INFORMATION AND BUILDING OF STATE 1ST VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN MOJOKERTO CITY Name : Fikra Ardianus Lette NIM : 15020074138 Study Program : Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department : Indonesian Language and Literature Faculty of Language and Art Name of Institution : Surabaya State University Advisor : Dra.Trinil Turistiani, M. Pd .. Year : 2019 Learning Indonesian language in class X Vocational School in the latest revised 2013 curriculum is learning that can not be separated from writing. As is the case with the Negotiating Text basic competencies. The implementation of Negotiation activities is not only in the form of oral but also in the form of writing, in the form of negotiating texts that make it easier for someone to interact. To improve the ability of students in this case, there needs to be appropriate methods and media. The method and media are the media-assisted Think Pair Share (TPS) method of luck Roulette. This study aims to determine the effect of the Think Pair Share (TPS) method assisted by roulettek Luck media on the ability to write negotiating texts in class X information and building modeling designs of SMK Negeri 1 Kota Mojokerto. The type of research used in this study is experimental research with research design True Experimental Design with the pretest-posttets group model disgn. The sample of this study was class X DPIB 2 as the control class and class X DPIB 3 as the experimental class. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, tests and questionnaires. The results of the study show that the use of the Think Pair Share (TPS) method assisted by Roulettes media luck on the ability to write negotiating texts goes well. This can be evidenced by the activity of the control class educator obtaining a value of 66% and the activity of students obtaining a value of 63%, while the activity of the experimental class educator obtained a value of 81% and the activity of students obtained a value of 90%. Learning outcomes of students using the Think Pair Share (TPS) method assisted by media luck Roulette experienced a significant increase compared to conventional methods. This can be evidenced by the increase in the average value of the experimental class from 37% to 81% with a difference of 44% higher than the control class using the conventional method with an increase in the average value of 64% to 80% with a difference of 16%. In addition, the result of t count shows that tcount is greater than t table, that is (5.8 26 2.26), thus the working hypothesis is accepted. Furthermore, the results of good student responses to the use of Think Pair Share (TPS) methods assisted by media Roulette luck when learning to write negotiating texts. This can be proven by the presentation of students who answered "Yes" as much as 97.17% and those who answered no as much as 2.82%. Keywords : Effect of TPS Method, Media Roulette, Ability to Write Negotiating Text

Modernising Conservation Through Technology: A metabolomic investigation of a critically endangered freshwater crayfish

BACKGROUND: The Anthropocene has seen extinction rates orders of magnitude higher than the background rate; a trend that has been seen in all ecosystems. As a result of human activities, freshwater resources, and many of the species dependent on them have become imperilled. Freshwater crayfish are a dominant aquatic invertebrate due to their significant biomass, and they are globally distributed, highly speciose, and ecologically important. They have been referred to, inter alia, as bioindicators, keystone species, ecosystem engineers, and umbrella species and are also a valuable human food source. However, currently one-third of freshwater crayfish species worldwide are classified as threatened under IUCN criteria, with many species facing possible extinction. Cherax tenuimanus (hairy marron) is a critically endangered freshwater crayfish found only in a single river in the biodiversity hotspot of south-west Australia. Conservation efforts for this species have included a captive breeding program, which has been largely unsuccessful despite the successful breeding of sister taxon Cherax cainii (smooth marron) for aquaculture. Currently captive breeding, including aquaculture of crayfish, relies primarily upon traditional methods of investigating the impacts of environmental factors through gross trial and error, with little understanding of the physiological state of animals. This study tested the hypothesis that metabolomics could highlight potential biomarkers related to reproduction and stress in two congeneric freshwater crayfish, Cherax tenuimanus and Cherax cainii, for the purpose of providing information to assist with captive breeding. HYPOTHESIS TESTING: In order to test this hypothesis, four sub-hypotheses were tested in this study. Sub-hypothesis I: C. tenuimanus can be induced to breed in aquaria. This hypothesis was supported, as mating occurred in both species of marron. Timing of reproductive behaviours was later in C. tenuimanus and fecundity was lower than C. cainii. Breeding behaviours were documented in detail. Sub-hypothesis II: The reproductive hormone methyl farnesoate (MF) can be measured in marron haemolymph as a non-lethal, low stress tool to monitor reproduction (i.e. as a targeted metabolomic approach). This hypothesis could not be confirmed or rejected, because MF was not detected using two extraction methods. Sub-hypothesis III: Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detects differences in the metabolome between species and sexes of marron. The profiles of C. tenuimanus and C. cainii were significantly different, as were the profiles between the sexes of each species. Sub-hypothesis IV: Untargeted metabolomics using LC-MS detects differential responses in C. tenuimanus females and males in breeding pairs. The metabolite profiles supported this subhypothesis, where three patterns were identified by the behaviour of the metabolites. Metabolites either indicated a response to disturbance (change) where the response was transient or nontransient; differences between sexes where the differences remained unchanged whether the animals were housed on their own or with a potential mate; or a male response to female presence. Metabolites such as inosine, glutathione and arginine were recognised as potentially useful biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that metabolomics are useful in providing an informative profile and identifying biomarkers that have the potential to assist with the captive breeding of freshwater crayfish. Whilst a single metabolite (MF) could not be directly targeted in this study, an untargeted approach was successful, and by extension the overall hypothesis of this study was successful. Overall, 107 metabolites were detected in marron haemolymph: amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, and other compounds were successfully linked to biologically important processes in the marron life cycle. The metabolites identified by this approach showed differences between two congeneric species, between sexes and over time in response to an environmental stressor. The study highlighted potential biomarkers for targeted metabolomic studies that can be used to test a wide variety of hypotheses, especially when animals are kept in controlled conditions such as in this study. The investigations from this study also contribute to our understanding of the life history of C. tenuimanus, our knowledge of its reproductive biology and the differences with its sister species C. cainii, providing another piece to the conservation puzzle. These methods will be beneficial to species conservationists and aquaculturists alike