Evaluation of pre/post-fire differenced spectral indices for assessing burn severity in a Mediterranean environment with landsat thematic mapper

In this study several pre/post-fire differenced spectral indices for assessing burn severity in a Mediterranean environment are evaluated. GeoCBI (Geo Composite Burn Index) field data of burn severity were correlated with remotely sensed measures, based on the NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio), the NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index) and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). In addition, the strength of the correlation was evaluated for specific fuel types and the influence of the regression model type is pointed out. The NBR was the best remotely sensed index for assessing burn severity, followed by the NDMI and the NDVI. For this case study of the 2007 Peloponnese fires, results show that the GeoCBI-dNBR (differenced NBR) approach yields a moderate-high R(2) = 0.65. Absolute indices outperformed their relative equivalents, which accounted for pre-fire vegetation state. The GeoCBI-dNBR relationship was stronger for forested ecotypes than for shrub lands. The relationship between the field data and the dNBR and dNDMI (differenced NDMI) was nonlinear, while the GeoCBI-dNDVI (differenced NDVI) relationship appeared linear

Le masque de Godwin

Cet article s’attache à comprendre la personnalité et l’oeuvre d’Edward Gordon Craig à la lumière de celui qui l’a engendré, l’architecte décorateur et homme de théâtre Edward William Godwin (1833-1886). Craig, qui n’avait que trois ans lorsqu’il le vit pour la dernière fois, sculpte dans son oeuvre le masque de son père. N’ayant pas de souvenir de lui, manifestant le vif besoin d’une ascendance qui va légitimer son projet de renaissance de l’Art du Théâtre, il construit la figure mythique du père : un spectre s’adressant à Hamlet; Hamlet auquel Craig s’identifie intimement.This article attempts to understand the personality and the work of Edward Gordon Craig in the light of his progenitor, Edward William Godwin (1833-1886). Godwin, whom Craig saw for the last time when he was three, emerges constantly throughout his work. Deprived of memories, expressing the need for a figure to legitimize his project to revive the Art of the Theater, Craig sought to trace the mask of his father: the ghost who appeared to Hamlet; Hamlet with whom Craig so intimately identified

Interpretation of needle biopsies of the kidney for investigation of renal masses

The development of new therapeutic options for renal tumors has lead to the need of a pretherapeutic diagnosis for an increasing proportion of patients presenting with a renal mass. This need is particularly important for a small, incidentally discovered renal mass (less than 4cm) as it can be a benign lesion in a significant percentage of cases. Recent studies have shown that needle biopsy is an accurate and safe method allowing for a precise histopathological diagnosis of the mass in most cases. The aims of the biopsy are (1) to assess the benign or malignant nature of the lesion, (2) to assess the primary or secondary nature of the lesion, and (3), in case of a primary malignancy, to determine histological prognostic factors, such as the tumor type. This review, based on the most recent literature and our own experience, is intended to provide a practical approach to the diagnosis, relying on appropriate morphologic assessment and the use of immunohistochemistr

Decision making and management of gliomas: practical considerations

Over the last decade, diagnostic options and introduction of novel treatments have expanded the armamentarium in the management of malignant glioma. Combined chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care in glioblastoma up to the age of 70 years, while treatment in elderly patients or with lower grade glioma is less well defined. Molecular markers define different disease subtypes and allow for adapted treatment selection. This review focuses on simple questions arising in the daily management of patient