ハツカダイコンの胚軸肥大成長に対するトリフルオロインドール酪酸の効果

Effects of a synthesized plant growth regulator 4,4,4–trifluoro–3–(indole–3–)–butyric acid (TFIBA) on thickening growth of radish hypocotyls were investigated. The thickening growth of radish hypocotyls, which are the edible part, was stimulated by TFIBA applied to the seeds before transplanting. The fresh weight of the hypocotyls in the seedlings treated with 10－4mol L－1 (10－4M) TFIBA solution significantly increased during cultivation in a growth chamber for 28 days as compared to that in the control. However, such significant increase was not observed in the seedlings treated with 10－5mol L－1 (10－5M) TFIBA solution. The fresh weight and maximal diameter of hypocotyls in the seedlings treated with TFIBA solution of 10－4M and 10－5M were significantly increased by 30–50 % as compared to those of the control at 35 days after transplanting when the seedlings were cultured in a green house under natural light and temperature conditions. The length of hypocotyls in the seedlings treated with 10－4M and 10－5M TFIBA increased approximately 20–50 % during the early growth stage as compared to that in the control. The fresh and dry weight of the shoots in the seedlings was apparently increased by treatment with 10－4M and 10－5M TFIBA solutions at 35 days after transplanting. These results suggest that TFIBA stimulates hypocotyl elongation and total photosynthetic activity in the shoots and results in promotion of thickening growth of the hypocotyls.ハツカダイコンの肥大成長に対する合成植物成長調節物質トリフロオロインドール酪酸（TFIBA）の効果について調べた．種子を10－4ないしは10-5M TFIBA 溶液に24時間浸漬し，発芽種子をバーミキュライトの入ったポットに移植して，14時間日長，昼夜温度23℃/18℃のグロスチャンバーで栽培すると，明らかな胚軸の肥大成長促進が認められた．肥大成長は10－4M TFIBA 処理の植物体でより顕著に現れた．同様に処理した発芽種子を自然光，無加温のガラス室で，2007年３月から４月にかけて栽培すると，胚軸の肥大成長はグロスチャンバーでの栽培に比べて，より顕著に現れた．35日目の肥大胚軸部の新鮮重は，10－4Ｍと10－5Ｍ のいずれの濃度においても30ﾝ50ｵ増加した．TFIBA処理によって生育初期段階で胚軸が20ﾝ50ｵ長くなり，また葉数が増えて地上部重が有意に重くなり，胚軸の肥大部径も有意に大きくなった．これらの結果は，TFIBA が胚軸の初期成長を促進し，生育の進行と共に光合成器官である葉組織を増加させ，胚軸の肥大成長を促進したことを示している．可食部である胚軸肥大部の形状は，ガラス室ではきれいな球状となるものが多いのに比べて，グロスチャンバーでは縦長のいびつな形をしたものが多くなった．これは，グロスチャンバーでは光量が不足し，十分な光合成産物が胚軸の肥大に供給されなかったためと考えられた． 本研究で，TFIBA を発芽時に浸漬投与するだけでハツカダイコンの可食部（胚軸）の肥大成長を有意に促進させることが明らかとなった．得られた結果は，TFIBA がハツカダイコンをはじめとする根茎野菜の生産促進に有効な植物成長調節物質であることを示している

Effects of ultrasound on electrochemical oxidation mechanisms of p-substituted phenols at BDD and PbO2 anodes

The effects of low-frequency (40 kHz) ultrasound are investigated with regard to the effectiveness and mechanisms of electrochemical oxidation of p-substituted phenols (p-nitrophenol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, phenol, p-cresol, and p-methoxyphenol) at BDD (boron-doped diamond) and PbO2 anodes. Although ultrasound improved the disappearance rates of p-substituted phenols at both the BDD and PbO2 anodes, the degree of enhancement varied according to the type of p-substituted phenol and type of anode under consideration. At the BDD anode, the % Increase values were in the range 73-83% for p-substituted phenol disappearance and in the range 60-70% for COD removal. However, at the PbO2 anode, the corresponding %Increase values were in the range 50-70% for disappearance of p-substituted phenols and only 5-25% for COD removal, much lower values than obtained at the BDD anode. Further investigations on the influence of ultrasound on the electrochemical oxidation mechanisms at BDD and PbO2 anodes revealed that the different increase extent were due to the specialized electrochemical oxidation mechanisms at these two anodes. The hydroxyl radicals were mainly free at the BDD electrodes with a larger reaction zone, but adsorbed at the PbO2 electrodes with a smaller reaction zone. Therefore, the enhancement due to ultrasound was greater at the BDD anode than at the PbO2 anode. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000280422800007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701ElectrochemistrySCI(E)EI21ARTICLE205569-55755

A dynamic neighborhood learning-based gravitational search algorithm

Balancing exploration and exploitation according to evolutionary states is crucial to meta-heuristic search (M-HS) algorithms. Owing to its simplicity in theory and effectiveness in global optimization, gravitational search algorithm (GSA) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the tradeoff between exploration and exploitation in GSA is achieved mainly by adjusting the size of an archive, named Kbest, which stores those superior agents after fitness sorting in each iteration. Since the global property of Kbest remains unchanged in the whole evolutionary process, GSA emphasizes exploitation over exploration and suffers from rapid loss of diversity and premature convergence. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose a dynamic neighborhood learning (DNL) strategy to replace the Kbest model and thereby present a DNL-based GSA (DNLGSA). The method incorporates the local and global neighborhood topologies for enhancing the exploration and obtaining adaptive balance between exploration and exploitation. The local neighborhoods are dynamically formed based on evolutionary states. To delineate the evolutionary states, two convergence criteria named limit value and population diversity, are introduced. Moreover, a mutation operator is designed for escaping from the local optima on the basis of evolutionary states. The proposed algorithm was evaluated on 27 benchmark problems with different characteristic and various difficulties. The results reveal that DNLGSA exhibits competitive performances when compared with a variety of state-of-the-art M-HS algorithms. Moreover, the incorporation of local neighborhood topology reduces the numbers of calculations of gravitational force and thus alleviates the high computational cost of GSA

Temporal Variation of Greenhouse Gas Emission in Gestation Swine Building

The objective of this study was to examine the temporal variation of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration in the swine building over both daily and seasonal basis. The air samples were collected every one hour continuously for three days during summer and spring, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Barn temperature was collected and the management practices were also noted. Results showed that methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration was related to the internal temperature and ventilation. Daily CH4 and CO2 concentrations varied more during cold weather than warmer weather; nighttime GHG concentration in the gestation building was higher than daytime because of the low air exchange. Average CH4 concentration in the gestation building was 16.67 + 9.88 ppm in spring and 9.25 + 7.64 ppm in summer. Average CO2 concentrations were 2361.65 + 960.96 ppm in spring and 1134.96 + 373.53 ppm in summer

Comparative Evaluation of Cooling Systems for Farrowing Sows

The field studies reported here compare the performance of three cooling systems for relieving farrowing/lactating sows of heat stress under the warm and humid production climate in southern China. The comparative systems included (1) tunnel ventilation (TV) with vertical head-zone ventilation (HZV) vs. TV with HZV and drip cooling (DC), (2) TV only vs. TV with DC, and (3) horizontal air mixing (HAM) only vs. HAM and DC. For the HZV, a perforated overhead air duct was used to create an air velocity of 0.6 to 0.8 m/s (118 to 157 ft/min) in the head zone of the sow. The paired tests were conducted successively in an experimental commercial farrowing barn housing 42 sows. Body temperature (Tb) and respiration rate (RR) of the sows were used to evaluate the efficacy of the systems. The results indicate that sows under TV + DC or TV + HZV + DC had significantly lower Tb than those under TV only or TV + HZV (P \u3c 0.01 and P \u3c 0.001, respectively). DC under HAM was less effective for Tb reduction (P \u3e 0.05). DC reduced RR in all cases, 42% under TV (P \u3c 0.01), 41% under TV + HZV (P \u3c 0.01), and 22% under HAM (P \u3e 0.05). It was concluded that TV with DC provides the most cost-effective cooling scheme

Online low-rank representation learning for joint multi-subspace recovery and clustering

Benefiting from global rank constraints, the lowrank representation (LRR) method has been shown to be an effective solution to subspace learning. However, the global mechanism also means that the LRR model is not suitable for handling large-scale data or dynamic data. For large-scale data, the LRR method suffers from high time complexity, and for dynamic data, it has to recompute a complex rank minimization for the entire data set whenever new samples are dynamically added, making it prohibitively expensive. Existing attempts to online LRR either take a stochastic approach or build the representation purely based on a small sample set and treat new input as out-of-sample data. The former often requires multiple runs for good performance and thus takes longer time to run, and the latter formulates online LRR as an out-ofsample classification problem and is less robust to noise. In this paper, a novel online low-rank representation subspace learning method is proposed for both large-scale and dynamic data. The proposed algorithm is composed of two stages: static learning and dynamic updating. In the first stage, the subspace structure is learned from a small number of data samples. In the second stage, the intrinsic principal components of the entire data set are computed incrementally by utilizing the learned subspace structure, and the low-rank representation matrix can also be incrementally solved by an efficient online singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm. The time complexity is reduced dramatically for large-scale data, and repeated computation is avoided for dynamic problems. We further perform theoretical analysis comparing the proposed online algorithm with the batch LRR method. Finally, experimental results on typical tasks of subspace recovery and subspace clustering show that the proposed algorithm performs comparably or better than batch methods including the batch LRR, and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art online methods

Sliding Mode Robustness Control Strategy for Shearer Height Adjusting System

This paper firstly established mathematical model of height adjusting hydro cylinder of the shearer, as well as the state space equation of the shearer height adjusting system. Secondly we designed a shearer automatic height adjusting controller adopting the sliding mode robustness control strategy. The height adjusting controller includes the sliding mode surface switching function based on Ackermann formula, as well as sliding mode control function with the improved butterworth filter. Then simulation of the height adjustment controller shows that the sliding mode robustness control solves buffeting of typical controller, and achieves automatic control for the rolling drum of the shearer. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i2.373