Hadis-hadis Antropomorfisme: Analisis Terhadap Takwil Ibn Hajar Al-‘asqalânî Dalam Fath Al-bârî

: Anthropomorphism in Hadith: An Analysis of Ibn Hajar al- ‘Asqalânî\u27s Ta\u27wîl in Fath al-Bârî. In the history of Islamic theology, discussion on Quranic verses and the Prophetic traditions that deal with anthropomorphism has undergone long history starting from heated debate between literal hadith centrists with those of rationalists theologians and the Muktazilah. This essay attempts to elaborate Ibn Hajar\u27s view, as an advocate of tradition, in understanding the hadiths that describe the attributes similar to that of His creatures. In order to avoid potential error and confusion in understanding the attributes of God, Ibn Hajar utilized ta\u27wîl method and departed from his root due to socio-political condition and the prevailing theological teachings that led him to support the tenets of Asy‘ariyah. Conversely, he was very keen on safeguarding the Muslim\u27s creed from equating God\u27s attributes with His creatures

The Landscape of Non-Coding RNA in an Adult Pig Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Background/Aims: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a risk factor for adult metabolic syndrome, but how this disease is regulated by lncRNAs and circRNAs remains elusive. Methods: Here, we employed adult IUGR and normal pigs as models to evaluate the expression of various global lncRNAs and circRNAs in pig livers using RNA-seq. Results: In total, we obtained 1,162 million raw reads of approximately 104.54 Gb high quality data. After a strict five-step filtering process, 3,368 lncRNAs were identified, including 300 differentially expressed lncRNAs (p < 0.05) in the IUGR group relative to the control group. The cis-regulatory analysis identified target genes that were enriched in specific GO terms and pathways (p < 0.05), including amino acid metabolism, oxidoreductase activity, PPAR signaling pathway, and insulin signaling pathway. These are closely related to the observed phenotypes of increased gluconeogenesis and impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in adulthood of the IUGR group. Additionally, we also identified 403 circRNAs, of which 44 were differentially expressed (p < 0.05). Interestingly, our results identified ATF4-miR214-circRNA7964 and TCF7-miR22-3p-circRNA16347 as two competing endogenous networks, which were closely associated with the observed increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis in the IUGR group. Conclusion: Together, this study reveals a multitude of candidate lncRNAs and circRNAs involved in the development of IUGR pigs, which could facilitate further researches on the molecular mechanisms of metabolic syndrome

Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Adult Metabolic Syndrome With Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Pig Models

Epidemiological data have indicated that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a risk factor for the adult metabolic syndrome in pigs. However, the causative genetic mechanism leading to the phenotype in adulthood has not been well characterized. In the present study, both normal and IUGR adult pigs were used as models to survey the differences in global gene expression in livers through transcriptome sequencing. The transcriptome libraries generated 104.54 gb of data. In normal and IUGR pigs, 16,948 and 17,078 genes were expressed, respectively. A total of 1,322 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that the top overrepresented gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways were related to oxidoreductase activity, ATPase activity, amino catabolic process, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling pathway. The increased gluconeogenesis (GNG) and decreased glycogen synthesis in the liver contributed to the glucose intolerance observed in IUGR. The reduced expression of insulin signaling genes (such as PI3K and AKT) indicated an elevated risk of diabetes in adulthood. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of adult IUGR pigs and valuable information for future studies of therapeutic intervention in IUGR metabolic syndrome

Use of cornstarch or fermented soybean meal in lactation diet improved sows’ nutrient utilization and litter performance during lactation

Objective This study investigated the effects of cornstarch (CS) and fermented soybean meal (FSM) substitutions for conventional corn and soybean meal, respectively, on sow’s performance, nutrient digestibility, milk composition, and oxidative status during lactation. Methods Twenty-four lactating sows (8 sows/treatment) were assigned to either a standard lactation diet (CON), a CS diet in which pure CS substituted 60% of starch provided by conventional corn, or FSM diet in which FSM substituted 60% of crude protein provided by soybean meal. The experiment lasted from day 2 to 28 of lactation. Results Compared with CON, the CS and FSM groups increased piglet live weight (p<0.05) and average daily gain (p<0.10), elevated milk superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.05), respectively, on day 28, and reduced (p<0.05) milk somatic cell counts on day 28; the CS group had higher (p<0.05) coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and ash but lower (p<0.05) serum β-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acids on day 28. Conclusion In conclusion, the use of CS is much more robust in relieving body mobilization although both CS and FSM diets had beneficial effects on piglet performance by improving nutrient digestibility and milk quality of lactating sows

Impact of replacing sow milk with milk replacer on growth performance, intestinal development, bacterial profile and muscular maturation in neonatal and nursery piglets

Along with the increasing litter sizes in pig industry, using milk replacer (MR) as a nutrient supplement has been widely practiced, yet the effects of replacing sow milk (SM) with MR on growth and development of piglets remain unclear. This study evaluated the differential effects of MR versus SM on growth performance, body composition, muscle fiber types, and intestinal health of piglets during the neonatal and nursery periods. Forty 2-day-old piglets, selected from 10 healthy sows, were randomly divided into two groups receiving either SM or MR ad libitum until postnatal day 23 (PND 23), then transitioned to be fed with nursery diet until PND 37. Blood, muscle, and intestinal tissues, along with colonic digesta and carcass samples, were collected on PND 12 (n = 10) and PND 37 (n = 10) for analysis of parameters related to intestinal function, microbiota composition and muscular development. The results showed that MR-fed piglets had lower average daily gain (ADG) and higher diarrhea index during the neonatal period. During the nursery period, however, MR-fed piglets had significantly higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) and ADG. Compared to SM-fed piglets, MR-fed piglets had a lower percentage of fast twitch fibers, but a higher percentage of slow twitch fibers on PND 12, along with lower body fat content on both PND 12 and PND 37. In addition, MR-fed piglets had significantly deeper crypt depth, increased mRNA expressions of inflammatory genes, and lower alpha diversity on PND 12. On PND 37, however, MR-fed piglets had higher villus height, increased sucrase activity and alpha diversity. On PND 12, likewise, MR-fed piglets were enriched with Prevotella associated with diarrhea, while SM-fed piglets were enriched with Lachnospiraceae associated with body fat deposition. In contrast, on PND 37, MR-fed piglets were enriched with commonly recognized beneficial bacteria, such as f_Muribaculaceae, g_Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, f_Oscillospiraceae and f_Rikenellaceae. These findings indicate that piglets fed MR experienced temporary growth check and intestinal complications in neonatal period, but intriguingly MR piglets had higher feed intake, compensatory growth, and recovery of intestinal function during the nursery period

Programming Effects of Maternal Nutrition on Intestinal Development and Microorganisms of Offspring: A Review on Pigs

Intestinal development is a critical determinant of growth and overall health in pigs. Accumulating evidence underscores the significant influence of intestinal microbiota on essential physiological functions and systemic health. Dietary nutrients play a pivotal role in regulating both intestinal development and the composition of intestinal microbiota. Optimal early-life nutrient provision ensures proper intestinal growth and functional maturation, with maternal nutrition emerging as a key factor shaping intestinal development during fetal and neonatal stages. This review synthesizes recent studies on maternal nutrient intake&mdash;encompassing protein, energy, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, probiotics, and prebiotics&mdash;and their effects on intestinal growth and health of offspring. Emerging multi-omics evidence has revealed that gestational and lactational nutrition dynamically coordinates offspring intestinal development through vertical microbial transmission and epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation. These processes further regulate intestinal barrier maturation, mucosal immunity, and enteroendocrine signaling. Collectively, this review emphasizes that enhancing maternal nutrition can promote postnatal growth by enhancing intestinal development and early microbial colonization in piglets. Further research is crucial to determining the optimal nutritional strategies during the perinatal period