Entrepreneurship In The Republic Of Uzbekistan: A Model For Other Emerging Nations

On August 31, 1991, the Republic of Uzbekistan proclaimed its independence as a free nation. As a part of the former U.S.S.R., the Uzbekistan people were required to adhere to the mandates of the Central Government in the production of manufactured goods, agricultural commodities and other goods and services. The Republic has consistently been one of the top five cotton producing countries in the world, and its economy is largely dependent on this commodity. On March 2, 1992, the Republic was admitted as a member of the United Nations and adopted its first constitution on December 8, 1992. As the Republic completes its conversion into a truly democratic nation, its leaders have taken a strong and determined stance toward fostering entrepreneurship and economic reform, privatizing business, efficiently utilizing the land base, and reversing environmental damage to the ecology of adversely affected regions. Simultaneously, government leaders took affirmative steps to maintain cotton production in order to stabilize land use policies and finance economic reform. A significant portion of governmental efforts over the last ten years have focused on encouraging free enterprise and entrepreneurship through directives which return business decision-making to entrepreneurs and business leaders. These business decisions were previously made by the Central Government which dictated production output based upon perceived needs of the former U.S.S.R. This paper will explore how the government of Uzbekistan has promoted and nurtured a spirit of entrepreneurship among its people through policies which foster free entrepreneurial thought, build viable business entities, equitably transfer public lands to private use, and reform the economy. The leaders of this emerging nation have carefully and wisely chosen the path of free enterprise which has created an ideal environment for entrepreneurship. Their efforts have succeeded in building a nation which grows more prosperous each year. The Republic of Uzbekistan is truly a nation which should serve as a model for other emerging nations of the world

Substantial Notice Under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act

This Article addresses the requirements of substantial notification under the DMCA. First, the Article will present an overview of Title II of the DMCA. Second, the Article will review the facts of ALS Scan, Inc. v. RemarQ Communities, Inc. and present the issue and its importance. Third, the Article will analyze the district court\u27s and court of appeals\u27s holdings and evaluate the significance of this case in the e-commerce legal landscape. Finally, the Article will present its conclusions

Profiling the iron, copper and zinc content in primary neuron and astrocyte cultures by rapid online quantitative size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Metals often determine the chemical reactivity of the proteins to which they are bound. Each cell in the body tightly maintains a unique metalloproteomic profile, mostly dependent on function. This paper describes an analytical online flow injection quantitative size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) method, which was applied to profiling the metal-binding proteins found in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes. This method can be conducted using similar amounts of sample to those used for Western blotting (20-150 μg protein), and has a turnaround time of <15 minutes. Metalloprotein standards for Fe (as ferritin), Cu and Zn (as superoxide dismutase-1) were used to construct multi-point calibration curves for online quantification of metalloproteins by SEC-ICP-MS. Homogenates of primary neuron and astrocyte cultures were analysed by SEC-ICP-MS. Online quantification by external calibration with metalloprotein standards determined the mass of metal eluting from the column relative to time (as pg s-1). Total on-column Fe, Cu and Zn detection limits ranged from 0.825 ± 0.005 ng to 13.6 ± 0.7 pg. Neurons and astrocytes exhibited distinct metalloprotein profiles, featuring both ubiquitous and unique metalloprotein species. Separation and detection by SEC-ICP-MS allows appraisal of these metalloproteins in their native state, and online quantification was achieved using this relatively simple external calibration process. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Copper availability as a potential therapeutic target in progressive supranuclear palsy: Insight from other neurodegenerative diseases.

Since the first description of Parkinson's disease (PD) over two centuries ago, the recognition of rare types of atypical parkinsonism has introduced a spectrum of related PD-like diseases. Among these is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a neurodegenerative condition that clinically differentiates through the presence of additional symptoms uncommon in PD. As with PD, the initial symptoms of PSP generally present in the sixth decade of life when the underpinning neurodegeneration is already significantly advanced. The causal trigger of neuronal cell loss in PSP is unknown and treatment options are consequently limited. However, converging lines of evidence from the distinct neurodegenerative conditions of PD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are beginning to provide insights into potential commonalities in PSP pathology and opportunity for novel therapeutic intervention. These include accumulation of the high abundance cuproenzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in an aberrant copper-deficient state, associated evidence for altered availability of the essential micronutrient copper, and evidence for neuroprotection using compounds that can deliver available copper to the central nervous system. Herein, we discuss the existing evidence for SOD1 pathology and copper imbalance in PSP and speculate that treatments able to provide neuroprotection through manipulation of copper availability could be applicable to the treatment of PSP

An Apparatus for Varying Effective Dihedral in Flight with Application to a Study of Tolerable Dihedral on a Conventional Fighter Airplane

An apparatus for varying effective dihedral in flight by means of servo actuation of the ailerons in response to sideslip angle is described. The results of brief flight tests of the apparatus on a conventional fighter airplane are presented and discussed. The apparatus is shown to have satisfactory simulated a wide range of effective dihedral under static and dynamic conditions. The effects of a small amount of servo lag are shown to be measurable when the apparatus is simulating small negative values of dihedral. However, these effects were not considered by the pilots to give the airplane an artificial feel. The results of an investigation employing the apparatus to determine the tolerable (safe for normal fighter operation) range of effective dihedral on the test airplane are presented