Controlled pilot development unit-scale fed-batch cultivation of yeast on spruce hydrolysates

Yeast production on hydrolysate is a likely process solution in large-scale ethanol production from lignocellulose. The hydrolysate will be available on site, and the yeast has furthermore been shown to acquire an increased inhibitor tolerance when cultivated on hydrolysate. However, due to over-flow metabolism and inhibition, efficient yeast production on hydrolysate can only be achieved by well-controlled substrate addition. In the present work, a method was developed for controlled addition of hydrolysate to PDU (process development unit)-scale aerobic fed-batch cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB 3000. A feed rate control strategy, which maintains the ethanol concentration at a low constant level, was adapted to process-like conditions. The ethanol concentration was obtained from on-line measurements of the ethanol mole fraction in the exhaust gas. A computer model of the system was developed to optimize control performance. Productivities, biomass yields, and byproduct formation were evaluated. The feed rate control worked satisfactorily and maintained the ethanol concentration close to the setpoint during the cultivations. Biomass yields of 0.45 g/g were obtained on added hexoses during cultivation on hydrolysate and of 0.49 g/g during cultivation on a synthetic medium with glucose as the carbon source. Exponential growth was achieved with a specific growth rate of 0.18 h(-1) during cultivation on hydrolysate and 0.22 h(-1) during cultivation on glucose

The Age Context of Performance Evaluation Decisions

Organizational demography contends that demographic characteristics of individuals, examined at individual, dyadic, group, and organizational levels of analysis, exert significant effects on organizational processes. The purpose of this paper was to test the contextual effects created by the interaction of work group age composition and supervisor age on supervisor evaluations of subordinate performance. Two competing models of age demography were tested. The similarity model predicts that supervisors similar in age to the work group they supervise will issue generally higher performance ratings. The dissimilarity model developed in this paper predicts the opposite. Support was indicated for the dissimilarity model. Implications of the results are discussed

Servant Leadership and Follower Job Performance: The Mediating Effect of Public Service Motivation

This article advances our understanding of the effects of servant leadership, an employee- and community-focused leadership style, on followers’ public service motivation (PSM) and job performance. Based on social learning theory, we argue that by emphasizing to their followers the importance of serving others both inside and outside the organization and by acting as role models by serving others themselves, servant leaders enhance job performance by engendering higher PSM in their followers. A multi-level analysis of three waves of multi-source data from a Chinese government agency reveals that PSM mediates the influence that servant leadership has on followers’ job performance. The results are consistent with the theoretical predications that the altruistic behaviour displayed by servant leaders elicits higher levels of the altruistic behaviours that characterize PSM, which in turn increases job performance. Hence, this study contributes to our overall understanding of how leadership drives performance in the public sector

Young Age, Migratory Vulnerabilities and Temporality. Compounding Inequalities Raised by Age and Legal Status – in Four European Countries

This article adopts an intersectional approach to examine migratory vulnerabilities. It draws from qualitative data gathered by the VULNER research teams in four countries: Belgium, Germany, Italy, and Norway, exploring how age and legal status intersect and how this intersection influences other vulnerability factors. When examining the rationale and consequences of practices that employ young age as a criterion for additional protection and welfare provision in the four countries, a paradox becomes apparent: designating UAMs as minors provide them with safer recipient conditions, yet, it may not guarantee a comprehensive child-sensitive approach in the long run. Treating them as asylum seekers, however, could lead to a more thorough evaluation of their vulnerabilities and long-term protection needs. Managing this paradox creates ambivalence in both systems. Moreover, the timing of these procedures greatly influences outcomes. The analysis is a part of the EU VULNER project, investigating vulnerability within global protection regimes.publishedVersio

Patient perception of pain versus observed pain behavior during a standardized electrodiagnostic test

Introduction: Clinicians often assume that observations of pain behavior are adequate for assessment of patient pain perception during procedures. This has not been tested during a standardized electrodiagnostic experience. Methods: During a prospective trial including extensive, standardized electrodiagnostic testing on persons with lumbar stenosis, vascular claudication, and asymptomatic volunteers, the subjects and an observer rated levels of pain. Results: In 60 subjects, observers significantly under‐rated pain (Visual Analog Scale 3.17 ± 2.23 vs. 4.38 ± 2.01, t = −4.577, df = 59, P < 0.001). Perceived pain during testing related to bodily pain as measured by the visual analog, McGill, Pain Disability, and Quebec scales, but not age, duration of symptoms, Tampa kinesiphobia, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, or SF‐36 health quality of life. Conclusions: Persons with worse pain syndromes may perceive more pain during testing than others. Clinicians and researchers should understand that patients may have more pain than they recognize. Muscle Nerve 51: 185–191, 2015Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110539/1/mus24308.pd

V/STOLAND digital avionics system for XV-15 tilt rotor

A digital flight control system for the tilt rotor research aircraft provides sophisticated navigation, guidance, control, display and data acquisition capabilities for performing terminal area navigation, guidance and control research. All functions of the XV-15 V/STOLAND system were demonstrated on the NASA-ARC S-19 simulation facility under a comprehensive dynamic acceptance test. The most noteworthy accomplishments of the system are: (1) automatic configuration control of a tilt-rotor aircraft over the total operating range; (2) total hands-off landing to touchdown on various selectable straight-in glide slopes and on a flight path that includes a two-revolution helix; (3) automatic guidance along a programmed three-dimensional reference flight path; (4) navigation data for the automatic guidance computed on board, based on VOR/DME, TACAN, or MLS navid data; and (5) integration of a large set of functions in a single computer, utilizing 16k words of storage for programs and data

Willing and able: action-state orientation and the relation between procedural justice and employee cooperation

Existing justice theory explains why fair procedures motivate employees to adopt cooperative goals, but it fails to explain how employees strive towards these goals. We study self-regulatory abilities that underlie goal striving; abilities that should thus affect employees’ display of cooperative behavior in response to procedural justice. Building on action control theory, we argue that employees who display effective self-regulatory strategies (action oriented employees) display relatively strong cooperative behavioral responses to fair procedures. A multisource field study and a laboratory experiment support this prediction. A subsequent experiment addresses the process underlying this effect by explicitly showing that action orientation facilitates attainment of the cooperative goals that people adopt in response to fair procedures, thus facilitating the display of actual cooperative behavior. This goal striving approach better integrates research on the relationship between procedural justice and employee cooperation in the self-regulation and the work motivation literature. It also offers organizations a new perspective on making procedural justice effective in stimulating employee cooperation by suggesting factors that help employees reach their adopted goals

V/STOL AND digital avionics system for UH-1H

A hardware and software system for the Bell UH-1H helicopter was developed that provides sophisticated navigation, guidance, control, display, and data acquisition capabilities for performing terminal area navigation, guidance and control research. Two Sperry 1819B general purpose digital computers were used. One contains the development software that performs all the specified system flight computations. The second computer is available to NASA for experimental programs that run simultaneously with the other computer programs and which may, at the push of a button, replace selected computer computations. Other features that provide research flexibility include keyboard selectable gains and parameters and software generated alphanumeric and CRT displays

Angezweifelte und Ignorierte Ansichten im Rahmen des Asylsystems – Partizipationsdefizite von Unbegleiteten Minderjährigen in Deutschland und Norwegen

The construction of unaccompanied minor asylum seekers (UMAs) as a vulnerable group places UMAs into a social category that the welfare state is required to deal with. In general, welfare states have the choice of addressing UMAs’ needs, either under the scope of the asylum system combined with special provisions, or to place them on a separate track and thus exclude them from ordinary migration framework. This article takes a comparative analysis of the Norwegian (migration track) and German (separate track) asylum and welfare system on how the regulations available for UMAs intersect and how these procedures shape the lived experiences of UMAs and their options for participation in their decisions on their asylum cases, as well as in their everyday lives. When discussing three characteristics of UMA status (their position as protection seeker, as under age, as unaccompanied), we will especially focus on participation rights in how regulations regarding the age assessment, asylum procedure, residence status, legal representation and welfare provisions are applied in practice. To this end, we will highlight experiences of UMA gathered through interviews in Norway and Germany.Contested and unheard voices within the asylum framework–participation challenges of unaccompanied minors in Germany and NorwaypublishedVersio