‘What price widowhood?’ : The faded stardom of Norma Shearer

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of a chapter published in Lasting Screen Stars: Images that Fade and Personas that Endure. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40733-7_6In this chapter, Lanckman uses fan magazines such as Photoplay to trace the star image of Norma Shearer from the mid1920s to the late 1930s. She focuses particularly on Shearer’s pre-Code films, such as The Divorcee, and on the treatment of the star’s 1927 marriage to MGM mogul Irving Thalberg. Ultimately, she argues that while Shearer’s stable marriage worked together with the films to create a narrative of egalitarian and liberated modernity, the star’s widowhood in 1936 alongside the more conservative nature of post-Code filmmaking condemned her to tragic and forgettable respectability.Final Accepted Versio

Achieving Gender Justice in Indonesia's Forest and Land Governance Sector: How Civil Society Organizations Can Respond to Mining and Plantation Industry Impacts

Land based industries, most significantly palm oil plantations, timber concessions and mining operations, are expanding quickly in Indonesia. With approximately 840,000 ha of forest loss per year (Margono et al 2014), Indonesia suffers the world's highest rate of deforestation. As civil society organizations (CSOs) implement forest conservation strategies and programs to respond to the issue of forest loss, there is a growing concern that they lack the ability to address gender justice, or more specifically, Gender, Environment and Development, one field of Gender and Development. 1 This weakness may undermine CSO's ability to ameliorate the gendered injustices that limit women and marginalized communities' participation in forest governance. It also limits CSO's ability to build grassroots constituencies, which are crucial for driving reform. Drawing on the Gender, Environment and Development literature, and a gender assessment of selected Indonesian environmental CSOs, this paper provides a brief overview of the major gender issues relevant to forest and land governance, and makes six recommendations to help CSOs develop more gender sensitive advocacy and programming. The paper aims to contribute to the overall objective of improving gender justice (including women's participation) in forest governance

Variations of Stieltjes-Wigert and q-Laguerre polynomials and their recurrence coefficients

We look at some extensions of the Stieltjes-Wigert weight functions. First we replace the variable x by x^2 in a family of weight functions given by Askey in 1989 and we show that the recurrence coefficients of the corresponding orthogonal polynomials can be expressed in terms of a solution of the q-discrete Painlev\'e III equation. Next we consider the q-Laguerre or generalized Stieltjes-Wigert weight functions with a quadratic transformation and derive recursive equations for the recurrence coefficients of the orthogonal polynomials. These turn out to be related to the q-discrete Painlev\'e V equation. Finally we also consider the little q-Laguerre weight with a quadratic transformation and show that the recurrence coefficients of the orthogonal polynomials are again related to q-discrete Painlev\'e V.Comment: 19 page

Detection and quantification of viable airborne bacteria and fungi using solid-phase cytometry

This protocol describes the use of solid-phase cytometry for the enumeration of airborne bacteria and fungi. In contrast with conventional methods, accurate results can be obtained in real time, especially for air samples with low numbers of microorganisms. Air samples are collected by impaction on a water-soluble polymer that is subsequently dissolved. Part of the sample can be filtered over two membrane filters with different pore sizes. One filter is used to obtain a total count of all viable microorganisms, and a second filter is used to determine the number of airborne fungi. Microorganisms present on the filter are labeled with a viability substrate and subsequently detected and quantified using a solid-phase cytometer. The detected spots are microscopically validated using an epifluorescence microscope to discriminate between bacteria, fungi and fluorescent particles. The whole procedure takes 5 h to complete and results in the accurate quantification of airborne bacteria and fungi for samples with a low or high microbial load

A different kind of activism: the position of catholic women teachers in their union (Belgium, 1950-1965)

In this article we would like to focus on the position of women in the Christian teachers union in Belgium in the years 1950-1965. In spite of their numerical dominance in the teaching occupation and in the union, women teachers never exercised real structural power in teacher unionism during this period. Yet, the union was alive to the fact that women teachers formed an important segment of their members. The marriage bar f.e. became a central issue in the debate concerning the legal statute of the catholic teachers in the years 1961-1963. Based on primary sources, interviews, national and international literature, we will focus on the apparent lack of female militantism by situating it in its social and historical context and by analysing the prevailing ideology concerning labour and the family.("Un activisme différent. Les prises de position des institutrices catholiques au sein de leur syndicat. Belgique, 1950-1965") Dans cet article nous voudrions nous centrer sur la position des femmes appartenant au syndicat des enseignants chrétien en Belgique durant les années 1950-1965. Malgré leur prédominance numérique dans l'enseignement fondamental et dans l'union, les institutrices n'ont jamais exercé une vraie puissance structurelle dans leur syndicat d'enseignants pendant cette période. Cependant, l'union était très active du fait que les institutrices représentaient une section importante de leurs membres. Le bannissement du mariage, p.e., devint une question cruciale au cours de la discussion portant sur le statut légal des professeurs catholiques dans les années 1961-1963. Nous basant sur des sources primaires, des entrevues et l'historiographie nationale et internationale, nous nous concentrerons sur le manque apparent de militantisme féminin en le replaçant dans son contexte social et historique et en analysant l'idéologie dominante au sujet du travail et de la famille

Combining Student-based Learning Activities with Teacher's Encouragements to Foster Learner Autonomy in Elt

Teacher's domination and authority used to prevail the traditional language teaching is now left and replaced by more acceptable concept of teaching. This concept emphasizes on developing the sense of learners' responsibility, independence, or autonomy, for better learning outcome. Autonomous language learners are those assumed to have greater responsibility on their own learning for their own needs. A series of guided practice through a step-by-step manner is needed in order that students can be possibly trained to be autonomous, independent learners. This paper discusses learning activities created and designed by the students combined with teacher's encouragements to foster learner autonomy. Some theories and previous studies on learner autonomy are analyzed to support the discussion. It is believed that the combination between the two important aspects in autonomous language learning will strengthen the efforts of promoting learner autonomy in ELT. Keywords: English language teaching, learner autonomy, autonomous learning, learning activities, teacher's encouragemen

KAJIAN KESEIMBANGAN AIR ANTARA KEBUTUHAN DENGAN PEMANENAN AIR DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA (UPI)

Sebagai sebuah lembaga pendidikan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia memiliki kesadaran akan pemakaian air dengan jumlah besar untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air warganya. Selain itu, pembangunan fasilitas pendidikan seperti gedung-gedung telah berhasil mengurangi lahan resapan air di kampus UPI. Jumlah air yang digunakan UPI tersebut menjadi tanggungjawab UPI dalam memanen kembali air yang telah digunakan oleh warga kampus UPI maupun kemampuan panen air yang hilang oleh pembangunan gedung-gedung yang menghilangkan lahan resapan di kampus UPI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung kebutuhan air warga kampus UPI dalam hitungan per bulan, menghitung kemamampuan UPI dalam memanen air di wilayah kampus UPI dalam hitungan per bulan, menghitung pengurangan kemampuan pemanenan air akibat penutupan lahan oleh bangunan, mengkaji keseimbangan air antara pemakaian dan pemanenan di kampus UPI, merekomendasikan upaya menjaga keseimbangan air di wilayah kampus UPI. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik sederhana untuk menghitung kebutuhan air, serta menggunakan beberapa metode untuk kajian hidrologi diantaranya adalah metode Thornthwaite, metode Hortons, dan metode FJ Mock. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah kampus UPI telah mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pemakaian air oleh warga kampus. Akan tetapi UPI belum mampu optimal dalam pemanenan air akibat pembangunan fasilitas kampus. Sehingga rekomendasi yang di ajukan oleh peneliti adalah pembuatan 962 biopori pada beberapa titik di kampus UPI. Kata Kunci : Keseimbangan Air, Kebutuhan Air, Pemanenan Air As a educational institution, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia has awareness of the water usage with large amounts to supply the needs of its citizens. Besides, the construction of each facilities such as buildings have reduced the water absorption area at UPI. The amount of water usage is became the responsibility of UPI to revert that has been used and to revert that has been lost by the construction of buildings which eliminated absorption area at UPI. The purpose of this study is to calculate the water needs of UPI citizen in a month, calculate the reduction of water harvesting capability due to the closure of lan, examine the water balance between the usage and water harvesting at UPI, recommend efforts to maintain water balance at UPI. The Method that has been used in this research is simple statistics to measure the water needs and used several method for hidrology study such as Thornthwaite methode, Hortons methode, and FJ Mock methode. The results are UPI has been able to meet the needs of water usage. But UPI has not been able to optimaze in water harvesting as a result of the campus facilities construction . So the recommendation that is proposed by the researchers is making 962 biopori in some are at campus. Key words : Water Balanced, water usage, water harvestin