Decoding infantile hemangioma: cellular dynamics, molecular signals, and microenvironmental influences

Infantile hemangioma (IH), the most prevalent benign vascular tumor in neonates, typically appears several weeks after birth, undergoes rapid proliferation, and subsequently enters a prolonged phase of spontaneous involution. Recent advancements in molecular and cellular biology have revealed increasing evidence that the etiology and progression of IH arise from complex, multi-level interactions involving various factors. In this review, we examine the categorization of IH cells, analyze the pivotal roles of key molecular signaling pathways (e.g., VEGF, HIF, Notch), and elucidate the contributions of immune cells, hypoxia, the extracellular matrix, and exosome-mediated signaling within the tumor microenvironment to the angiogenic processes and regression of IH. These insights will enhance our understanding of IH pathogenesis, thereby laying the groundwork for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies

Far3D: Expanding the Horizon for Surround-view 3D Object Detection

Recently 3D object detection from surround-view images has made notable advancements with its low deployment cost. However, most works have primarily focused on close perception range while leaving long-range detection less explored. Expanding existing methods directly to cover long distances poses challenges such as heavy computation costs and unstable convergence. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel sparse query-based framework, dubbed Far3D. By utilizing high-quality 2D object priors, we generate 3D adaptive queries that complement the 3D global queries. To efficiently capture discriminative features across different views and scales for long-range objects, we introduce a perspective-aware aggregation module. Additionally, we propose a range-modulated 3D denoising approach to address query error propagation and mitigate convergence issues in long-range tasks. Significantly, Far3D demonstrates SoTA performance on the challenging Argoverse 2 dataset, covering a wide range of 150 meters, surpassing several LiDAR-based approaches. Meanwhile, Far3D exhibits superior performance compared to previous methods on the nuScenes dataset. The code is available at https://github.com/megvii-research/Far3D.Comment: Accepted by AAAI-202

Experimental research on damage identification of topping dangerous rock structural surface based on dynamic characteristic parameters

Rock block tilting is one of the most common types of dangerous rock block failures with no clear indicator of displacement prior to failure. Existing stability evaluation methods remain limited in their ability to constrain the non-penetrating section area, which is closely related to rock stability, and stability evaluations are therefore associated with large uncertainties. The dynamic characteristic parameters of toppling dangerous rock are closely related to structural plane strength. Under vibration loading, rainfall, and/or excavation unloading conditions, the structural plane becomes damaged and the dynamic characteristic parameters change. In this study, we present a dynamic characteristic model of rock tilting and identify the quantitative and qualitative relationship between dynamic characteristic parameters and the bonded area of the structural plane. The model accuracy is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the damping ratio decreases linearly with structural plane damage, whereas the maximum vibration speed and particle trajectory increases nonlinearly and the natural vibration frequency decreases nonlinearly. The dynamic characteristic model and experimental results can be used to evaluate the degree of structural surface damage of toppling dangerous rock

Effect of Chitosan Coating with Different Molecular Weights on the Storage Quality of Postharvest Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

To study the preservation effect of chitosan coating with different molecular weights on postharvest passion fruit, the "Qinmi No.9" was coated with chitosan of molecular weights of 30, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kDa (1.5%, w/v) to determine the quality of passion fruit during storage. The results showed that chitosan coating with different molecular weights was able to delay the shrinkage and yellowing, reduce the weight loss rate and inhibit the decay of passion fruit. Moreover, chitosan with a larger molecular weight was more conducive to delaying the ripening and senescence of passion fruit, as well as reducing shrinkage, and decay. At the end of storage, the weight loss of fruits coated with 200 kDa chitosan was nearly 10% less than that coated with 30 kDa chitosan, and the fruits coated with 150 and 200 kDa chitosan did not decay. The lower molecular weight (30 and 50 kDa) and higher molecular weight (150 kDa) chitosan were more effective in inhibiting weight loss, total soluble solids and soluble sugar metabolism, and maintaining titratable acid, flavonoid and total phenol contents of fruit during storage. The chitosan with 150 kDa had the best effect in maintaining the vitamin C content, which was 1.12 times higher than the control group at the end of storage. In conclusion, chitosan with different molecular weights was effective to delay senescence, slow down water loss and shrink of passion fruit and maintain the quality, chitosan with 150 kDa was more suitable to maintain the quality of postharvest passion fruit

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions of Bile Duct Epithelial Cells in Primary Hepatolithiasis

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of hepatolithiasis. Thirty-one patients with primary hepatolithiasis were enrolled in this study. Expressions of E-cadherin, α-catenin, α-SMA, vimentin, S100A4, TGF-β1 and P-smad2/3 in hepatolithiasis bile duct epithelial cells were examined by immunohistochemistry staining. The results showed that the expressions of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and α-catenin were frequently lost in hepatolithiasis (32.3% and 25.9% of cases, respectively), while the mesenchymal markers vimentin, α-SMA and S100A4 were found to be present in hepatolithiasis (35.5%, 29.0%, and 32.3% of cases, respectively). The increased mesenchymal marker expression was correlated with decreased epithelial marker expression. The expressions of TGF-β1 and P-smad2/3 in hepatolithiasis were correlated with the expression of S100A4. These data indicate that TGF-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition might be involved in the formation of hepatolithiasis

Effect of Extraction Temperature on the Functional and Structural Properties of Mullet Scale Gelatin

The functional property is an important factor to measure the quality of fish gelatin, which directly relates to the practical application range and value of fish gelatin. In order to explore the effect of extraction temperature on the functional properties of mullet scale gelatin, this study used a hot water extraction method. Different temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90, 100 ℃) were examined to assess their impact on the surface morphology of fish scales, fish scale gelatin yield, and functional properties (foaming capacity, emulsifying activity, gel strength, gel temperature, and melting temperature). Furthermore, the structural characteristics of fish scale gelatin were investigated using SDS-PAGE, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that as the extraction temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 100 ℃, the damage to the surface of mullet scales became increasingly severe. The fish scale gelatin yield increased from 31.72% to 50.97%, foaming capacity improved from 23.33% to 73.33%, and emulsifying activity increased from 15.13 m2/g to 17.27 m2/g. However, gel strength, gel temperature, and melting temperature decreased from 677.82 g, 20.80 ℃, and 28.70 ℃ to 372.91 g, 15.80 ℃, and 23.90 ℃, respectively. Additionally, with the increase in extraction temperature, the characteristic bands of mullet scale gelatin α1, α2, and β chains on the electrophoresis pattern became increasingly blurred. The infrared spectroscopy results showed that the fish scale gelatin had characteristic absorption peaks (amide A, amide Ⅰ, amide Ⅱ, and amide Ⅲ), with the wavenumber of amide A first increasing and then decreasing. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the tightness of the porous grid structure of the fish scale gelatin decreased. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the industrialization of mullet scale gelatin

Intercropping grapevine with Solanum nigrum enhances their cadmium tolerance through changing rhizosphere soil microbial diversity

IntroductionCadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, has increasingly impacted vineyard soils and grapevine (Vitis vinifera) production in recent years. Intercropping with the hyperaccumulator plant Solanum nigrum has emerged as a promising strategy to improve soil health and increase plant resilience to the Cd-contaminated soil.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of intercropping grapevine with S. nigrum (IntVVSN) on the soil enzyme activity and microbial community.ResultsCompared with the monocultures of S. nigrum and grapevine, IntVVSN increased the activities of soil sucrase, soil urease, and soil cellulase, and decreased the activities of soil amylase, and soil neutral phosphatase. The microbial community in IntVVSN showed higher abundances of beneficial groups such as Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi. These groups were involved in the metal detoxification and nutrient cycling, indicating their potential role in enhancing Cd tolerance. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed the distinct metabolic adaptations in IntVVSN under Cd-contaminated soil, with significant upregulation of pathways related to the secondary metabolite synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and protein processing. The changes in microbial composition, along with the enhanced nutrient cycling indicated by increased soil enzyme activities, suggest a healthier and more resilient soil environment. This, in turn, contributes to improved Cd tolerance in grapevines.ConclusionThis study highlights the phytoremediation potential of S. nigrum intercropping, which promotes sustainable agricultural practices in Cd-contaminated soil by improving plant growth and resilience to heavy metal stress

Modified Circumpolar Deep Water inflow to the Dotson-Getz Trough in the summers of 2020 and 2022

The melting of the West Antarctic Ice Shelf has increased since the 1990s, driven by the relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) that penetrates into the West Antarctic Ice Shelf cavities through submarine glacial troughs across the continental shelf. In this study, temperature, salinity, and current velocity data obtained by the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition in the Dotson-Getz Trough (DGT) shows clear differences in distribution of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) in the summers of 2020 and 2022. Combined with contemporaneous wind data and additional temperature and salinity data from instrumented seals, the processes and mechanisms responsible for this variation are discussed. Compared with 2020, there is a significant increase in mCDW thickness in 2022, with a doubling of total heat content as the mCDW inflow path across the DGT shifts towards the eastern bank. We propose that a southward shift in the westerly winds in the summer of 2022 moved the upper oceanic divergence zone southward towards the continental slope, promoting the upwelling of mCDW above 500 m. Concurrently, stronger westerly winds over the continental slope strengthened the eastward undercurrent, increasing the transport of this mCDW and its associated heat content to the DGT through Ekman dynamics. These observations show there is strong interannual variability in the strength, path and extent of mCDW inflows to the DGT and that care must be taken when planning observation programs for long-term monitoring of the oceanic heat input to the ice shelves of this globally significant region