การพัฒนาบทเรียนอีเลิร์นนิ่งตามขั้นตอนการสอนของกาเย่ เรื่อง หลักการใช้ภาษา โรงเรียนวัดอาวุธวิกสิตาราม สังกัดกรุงเทพมหานคร

The objectives of this research were to (1) develop e-learning lessons following Gagne’s teaching method for the Principles of the Use of Thai Language course in schools in Bangkok area, focusing on Prathom 6 students of Wat Avutvikasitaram, Bangkok who were in the second-class Thai language learning group (2) compare the learning achievement of the focused group members before and after study via the e-learning lessons following Gagne’s teaching methods. The sample of the present study were 44 students in Prathom 6 of Wat Avutvikasitram School; half separated into the experimented and the control groups, respectively via the use of purposive sampling technique. The learning achievement test was implemented to collect data. Mean scores, standard deviation, and dependent t-tests were employed as analytical techniques for the present study. The results of research show that : 1. The e-learning lessons following Gagne’s teaching method for the Principles of the Use of Thai Language course in schools in Bangkok area was an efficiency 80.09/87.27, which was higher than 80/80 criterion. 2. The learning achievement of students after study the e-learning lessons following Gagne’s teaching method was significant higher than before study at .05 level

Lysosomal and vacuolar sorting: not so different after all!

Soluble hydrolases represent the main proteins of lysosomes and vacuoles and are essential to sustain the lytic properties of these organelles typical for the eukaryotic organisms. The sorting of these proteins from ER residents and secreted proteins is controlled by highly specific receptors to avoid mislocalization and subsequent cellular damage. After binding their soluble cargo in the early stage of the secretory pathway, receptors rely on their own sorting signals to reach their target organelles for ligand delivery, and to recycle back for a new round of cargo recognition. Although signals in cargo and receptor molecules have been studied in human, yeast and plant model systems, common denominators and specific examples of diversification have not been systematically explored. This review aims to fill this niche by comparing the structure and the function of lysosomal/vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) from these three organisms

On the Independence Number of Cayley Digraphs of Clifford Semigroups

Let S be a Clifford semigroup and A a subset of S. We write Cay(S,A) for the Cayley digraph of a Clifford semigroup S relative to A. The (weak, path, weak path) independence number of a graph is the maximum cardinality of an (weakly, path, weakly path) independent set of vertices in the graph. In this paper, we characterize maximal connected subdigraphs of Cay(S,A) and apply these results to determine the (weak, path, weak path) independence number of Cay(S,A)

Existence of Common Fixed Points Through Auxiliary Contractions and Applications

In this paper, we introduce a new type of contraction, an M-auxiliary contraction, by modifying existing concepts involving auxiliary functions. We establish existence and uniqueness results for common fixed points of the proposed contraction mapping under suitable conditions. Applications to fractional differential equations and ordinary differential equations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the main theorem

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Pathway Activation Underlying Growth Enhancement by Duck-Blood Protein Hydrolysate in Flowerhorn Cichlid Fish

Protein hydrolysates have potential as sustainable functional feed ingredients or additives for the aquaculture industry. This study examined the growth-promoting effects of duck-blood protein hydrolysate (DBPH, <10 kDa) on the flowerhorn cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus × Cichlasoma trimaculatum). Fish with an average weight of 3.24 ± 0.22 g were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: a negative control (basal diet) and basal diets supplemented with 0.5%, 1%, and 2% DBPH. After 90 days of the feeding trial, growth parameters indicated that supplementation with 1% and 2% DBPH enhanced growth. However, the muscle composition and skin coloration did not differ significantly. Transcriptome sequencing of the liver tissue yielded 39.83 GB of high-quality clean data. De novo transcriptome assembly identified 32,824 unigenes, of which 21,385 were successfully annotated based on public databases. Differential expression analysis identified 269 upregulated and 232 downregulated genes. To clarify the growth-promoting effects of DBPH, five glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related genes (tpi, gapdh, pck1, ldh, and adh) were validated by liver qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with those of the transcriptomic analysis. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which DBPH supplementation could enhance growth, as evidenced by alterations in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways, indicating potential as a novel feed additive in aquaculture

Mechanisms of Cannabis Growth Promotion by <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> S141

Cannabis sativa L. has a variety of uses, including fiber production, food, oil, and medicine. In response to environmental concerns regarding chemical fertilizers, Bacillus velezensis S141 was examined as a plant-growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) for cannabis. This study evaluated the effects of S141 on cannabis growth and utilized transcriptomic analysis to identify the responsive pathways. Inoculation with S141 significantly increased growth in laboratory and field environments, with most of the bacteria residing in the leaves, followed by the stems and roots, as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Transcriptomic analysis revealed 976 differentially expressed genes. Upregulated genes were associated with metabolism, cellular processes, and catalytic activities, especially in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid, plant–pathogen interactions, and hormone signaling pathways. S141 mutants deficient in the production of auxin and cytokinin displayed reduced growth enhancement, which affirmed the roles of these hormones in cannabis development. These findings emphasize the potential of S141 as a sustainable growth promoter for cannabis and provide insights into the underlying pathways it influences