Underernæring hos eldre hjemmeboende personer med demens

Bakgrunn: Eldre personer med hukommelsestap er svært utsatt for underernæring. Tidligere studier har i hovedsak fokusert på pasienter som bor på institusjon. Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien er å kartlegge og belyse ernæringsstatusen til eldre hjemmeboende pasienter med demens og kognitiv svikt som får bistand av hjemmetjenesten i fire bydeler i Oslo. Metode: Det ble gjennomført en tverrsnittsstudie i fire utvalgte bydeler i Oslo, (N=282). Instrumentet Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) ble benyttet til innsamling av data. Logistisk regresjonsanalyse ble anvendt for å analysere dataene, og resultatene presenteres i oddsratioer. Resultater: Studien viser at underernæring er svært utbredt blant hjemmeboende pasienter med kognitiv svikt og demenssykdom. Omkring halvparten av pasientene var underernært eller sto i fare for underernæring. Det å være kvinne og ha problemer med matinntak viser seg å være viktige risikofaktorer for underernæring. Konklusjon: Resultatene i studien viser at det er avgjørende at helsepersonell og pårørende er kjent med risikofaktorene for underernæring. Nødvendige tiltak må iverksettes på et tidlig stadium for å forhindre alvorlig underernæring og sykdom som følge av dette.Malnutrition in elderly people living at home with cognitive impairment and dementia Background: Elderly people with memory loss are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition. Previous studies have mainly focused on elderly living in an institution. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the nutritional status of elderly with dementia who live at home. Method: The survey design was conducted in four selected districts in Oslo (N = 282). Mini Nutritional Assessment Instrument (MNA) was used for data collection. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data and the results were presented in odds ratios. Results: Our results show that malnutrition is highly prevalent among home-living patients with cognitive impairment and dementia. About one-half of the patients were malnourished or were at risk of malnutrition. Being a woman and having problems with food intake appears to be important risk factors for malnutrition. Conclusion: One interpretation of these results is that it is essential that health professionals and the patients’ relatives are aware of these risk factors, and that necessary measures are implemented at an early stage, in order to prevent severe malnutrition and subsequent disease

The early years home learning environment : Associations with parent-child-course attendance and children's vocabulary at age 3

Although many studies investigated the effects of the home learning environment (HLE) in the preschool years, the constructs that underlie the HLE in the years before the age of three and its effects on language development are still poorly understood. This study therefore investigated the dimensionality of the HLE at age two, its relation to the attendance of low threshold parent-child-courses, and its importance for children’s vocabulary development between age 2 and 3 years against the background of differing family background characteristics. Using data from 1,013 children and their families of the Newborn Cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study, structural equation modeling analyses showed that (1) quantitative and qualitative aspects of the early HLE, i.e., the frequency of stimulating activities, and the quality of parent-child-interactions should be differentiated; (2) that family background variables are differentially associated with the HLE dimensions and (3) that attendance at parent-child courses enriches both aspects of the HLE which in turn (4) are related to the children’s vocabulary development. Our results highlight the need to differentiate aspects of the early HLE to disentangle which children are at risk in terms of which stimulation at home and the possibility to enrich the HLE through low threshold parent-child courses

Emittance Growth and Energy Loss due to Coherent Synchrotron Radiation in a bunch compressor

Bunches of high charge (10 nC) are compressed in length in the CTF II bunch compressor from 1.2 mm rms to less than 0.4 mm. The short bunches start to radiate coherently, thus affecting the horizontal and longitudinal phase spaces of the beam. This paper reports the results of measurements and simulations concerning the increase of the beam emittance and the impact on the energy distribution. Beam emittances were measured for different bunch compression factors and bunch charges. For each compressor setting, the energy spectrum of the beam was recorded in order to measure the energy loss due to coherent synchrotron radiation. For bunch charges of 10 nC a maximum increase of the horizontal emittance of 50% was observed at full compression, while the mean beam energy decreased by 5% from 39 MeV to 37 MeV. Both effects are correlated with an increase of the energy spread from 2.3% to 8.5% rms. The experimental results are compared with simulations

«Personalerfaringer knyttet til å ta i bruk GPS for oppfølging av beboere med demens på sykehjem»

Hensikten med denne masteroppgaven er å utforske erfaringer hos helsepersonell som har tatt i bruk sporingsteknologien GPS for oppfølging av beboere med demens på sykehjem, samt hvordan GPS-bruk har påvirket rutiner og arbeidsoppgaver på sykehjemmet. Oppgaven er en utforskende studie hvor det er benyttet fokusgruppeintervju ved to sykehjem for innsamling av data, med til sammen syv deltakere. I analysen er det benyttet systematisk tekstkondensering som beskrevet av Malterud (Malterud, 2017). Oppgaven er forankret i politiske føringer knyttet til velferdsteknologi og demensomsorg, og tidligere forskning om bruk av GPS til personer med demens diskuteres i oppgaven. Det anvendes teoretiske perspektiver om personsentrert omsorg og forbedringsarbeid for å belyse problemstillingen. Bruk av GPS innebærer at helsepersonell må innarbeide og utføre flere nye rutiner og arbeidsoppgaver som skaper behov for utvikling av nye kompetanser hos helsepersonell. Det kan utvikle seg ulike praksiser knyttet til forståelsen av hvem som skal ha GPS og hva som er hensikten med bruken. Oppgaven viser at innføring av teknologien bør planlegges godt, hvor kunnskap om forbedringsarbeid og innføring av GPS som en systematisk forbedringsprosess, kan bidra til en felles forståelse hos personalet for trygg og hensiktsmessig bruk av teknologien

Quality of early learning environments : measures, validation, and effects on child development

Individual differences and disparities in educationally relevant competencies and skills evolve from the very beginning of a child’s life. This chapter focuses on early learning environments as an important basis for acquiring those competencies and skills that depend and impact on education. Drawing on the Newborn Cohort Study of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS-SC1) and additional validation studies, we address and empirically evaluate different quality measures of parenting behaviour and extrafamilial childcare along with their effects on early child outcomes. Results highlight the importance of considering differentiated measures of early learning environments such as indicators of cognitive-verbal stimulation or parental responsive emotional support from the very beginning, because these relate differentially to various domains of early child development. Furthermore, although different facets of interaction quality are associated with socio-economic family characteristics (SES), they relate to each other only moderately. In addition, we report on the validity and effects of quality measures of early external childcare in the NEPS-SC1 and discuss the emergence of individual differences and SES-related disparities in early child development

<i>In situ</i> investigation of controlled polymorphism in mechanochemistry at elevated temperature†

Mechanochemistry routinely provides solid forms (polymorphs) that are difficult to obtain by conventional solution-based methods, making it an exciting tool for crystal engineering. However, we are far from identifying the full scope of mechanochemical strategies available to access new and potentially useful solid forms. Using the model organic cocrystal system of nicotinamide (NA) and pimelic acid (PA), we demonstrate with variable temperature ball milling that ball milling seemingly decreases the temperature needed to induce polymorph conversion. Whereas Form I of the NA:PA cocrystal transforms into Form II at 90 °C under equilibrium conditions, the same transition occurs as low as 65 °C during ball milling: a ca 25 °C reduction of the transition temperature. Our results indicate that mechanical energy provides a powerful control parameter to access new solid forms under more readily accessible conditions. We expect this ‘thermo-mechanical’ approach for driving polymorphic transformations to become an important tool for polymorph screening and manufacturing

Research on information systems failures and successes: Status update and future directions

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10796-014-9500-yInformation systems success and failure are among the most prominent streams in IS research. Explanations of why some IS fulfill their expectations, whereas others fail, are complex and multi-factorial. Despite the efforts to understand the underlying factors, the IS failure rate remains stubbornly high. A Panel session was held at the IFIP Working Group 8.6 conference in Bangalore in 2013 which forms the subject of this Special Issue. Its aim was to reflect on the need for new perspectives and research directions, to provide insights and further guidance for managers on factors enabling IS success and avoiding IS failure. Several key issues emerged, such as the need to study problems from multiple perspectives, to move beyond narrow considerations of the IT artifact, and to venture into underexplored organizational contexts, such as the public sector. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York