Hepatoprotective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Extract on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage in Rats

Moringa oleifera (MO) is reported to have various medicinal properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of MO leaf extract against acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver damage in rats. A dose of 3g/kg APAP was selected to induce liver damage. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=70) were divided into seven groups. Five groups of animals were given various oral pretreatments of 200mg/kg MO, 800mg/kg MO and 200mg/kg Silymarin (Sil) in distilled water at 3ml/day for fourteen days. Meanwhile, two groups served as hepatotoxicity (3g/kgAPAP) and vehicle (40% sucrose) control groups were given distilled water in the similar manner. On day 15, the animals were challenged with 3g/kg APAP in 40% sucrose except for rats in the vehicle (40% sucrose) and MO control groups which received 40% sucrose solution. After 24 and 48 hours blood was withdrawn and livers were harvested. Plasma was prepared and liver function was carried out to determine levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Liver samples were taken for histopathalogical examination, measurement of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities as well as determining malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskall Wallis analysis of variance coupled with the Mann–Whitney U-test. APAP treatment caused significant elevation (p<0.05) of ALT, AST after 24 and 48 hours. Histopathological observations substantiated these findings showing significant (p<0.05) liver damage. APAP treatment caused marked reduction (p<0.05) in hepitic GSH content, GST and GPx. activities coupled with significant increase (p< 0.05) in lipid peroxidation index. The changes observed were time dependent with more changes were noted after 48 hours. Significant (p<0.05) elevation of ALP and significant (p<0.05) decline of GR activity was only noted after 48 hours compared to other groups. 200mg/kg and 800mg/kg MO extract equally showed a significant (p<0.05) amelioration of ALT, AST and ALP levels and a significant reduction (p<0.05) of pathological alteration in a manner similar to Sil. MO extracts showed no signs of toxicity up to a dose level of 800 mg/kg. MO alone significantly increased (p<0.05) GSH content and restored GSH level (p<0.05) in the groups given MO and challenged with APAP. MO alone showed insignificant increase of GST, Gap and GR activities. The significant increase (p<0.05) of these antioxidant enzymes observed in groups received MO extracts and challenged with APAP. Lipid peroxidation was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by the extracts in dose independent manner. A significant (p<0.05) increase of GST activities by 200mg/kg and 800mg/kg MO extracts to the level higher than vehicle group were observed as early as 24 hours in comparison with rats given pretreatment of Silymarin. On the other hand, 200 mg/kg MO significantly (p<0.05) showed similar increase in GPx activity to the level higher than vehicle group in comparison with groups that given 200mg/kg Sil and 800mg/kg MO pretreatment. Prevention of enzyme leakage, preservation of hepatocytes structural integrity, prevention of GSH depletion, restoration of antioxidant enzymes activity that is essential in accelerating detoxification and excretion of APAP toxic metabolites, as well inhibition of lipid peroxidative processes reveals that the extracts of MO leaves possesses potential hepatoprotective activity against APAP induced damage in rats

Cultural Re(production) in Maruxa Vilalta’s Pequeña historia de horror (y de amor desenfrenado)

Through the lens of Gérard Genette’s idea of transtextuality, this study looks at Maruxa Vilalta’s representation of cultural manifestations in order to question how they affect social relations. Pequeña historia de horror (y de amor desenfrenado) is analyzed as a theatrical version of “Susanna and the Elders” precisely to show Vilalta’s broader concern with cultural reproduction. This study brings to light the interconnectedness between this play and other cultural texts ranging from Chopin’s “Polonaise Heroic” to Mexican pop culture figure El Monje Loco. I thus show Vilalta’s innovative questioning of artistic value and, more importantly, its social implications through the “distorted mirror” she creates in this particular play

Performance of Silica Gel in the Role of Residual Air Drying

Removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a necessary step in air revitalization and is often accomplished with sorbent materials. Since moisture competes with CO2 in sorbent materials, it is necessary to remove the water first. This is typically accomplished in two stages: bulk removal and residual drying. Silica gel is used as the bulk drying material in the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) in operation on ISS. There has been some speculation that silica gel may also be capable of serving as the residual drying material. This paper will describe test apparatus and procedures for determining the performance of silica gel in residual air drying

TARI MANIMBONG DAN MA'DANDAN DALAM UPACARA RAMBU TUKA' DI TORAJA, SULAWESI SELATAN

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berjudul Tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan dalam Upacara Rambu Tuka’ di Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan. Tari Manimbong dan tari Ma’dandan adalah tarian yang tumbuh dan berkembang di daerah Tana Toraja. Tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan yang dewasa ini masih dilakukan oleh masyarakat namun disisi lain secara penemuan sosial masih sangat langkah, disamping itu secara pendokumentasian masih sangat kurang. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahn tentang asal mula Tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan,gerak, bentuk penyajian, tata rias, tata busana dan iringan pada tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan asal mula tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan, gerak, bentuk penyajian, tata rias, tata busana dan iringan tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan dalam upacara Rambu Tuka’. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka serta analisis data secara triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan berasal dari ungkapan syukur masyarakat Toraja yang telah menyelesaikan seluruh rangkaian adat pada rumah Tongkonan. Tari Manimbong di tarikan oleh kaum laki-laki sedangkan tari Ma’dandan ditarikan oleh para perempuan. Ciri khas gerak dari tari Manimbong adalah mangondo sambil membunyikan simbong, sedangkan tari Ma’dandan memiliki gerak yang sangat sederhana seperti mengayunkan badan ke kanan dan ke kiri sambil memutar tekken yang dipegang para penari. Bentuk penyajian dalam tari ini sangat sederhana, penari hanya berjejer sambil melakukan gerak. Rias yang digunakan dalam tarian ini merupakan rias realis. Busana yang digunakan merupakan pakaian adat khas Toraja. Iringan musik yang ada pada tarian ini menggunakan nyanyian yang di lantunkan oleh para penari. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan masih tetap dilestarikan hal ini dapat dilihat dalam kegiatan tradisi masyarakat yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat Toraja. Rias, busana dan iringan musik masih menggunakan pakem tradisi yang sangat kuat. Kata Kunci : Tari Manimbong dan Ma’dandan ABSTRACT This study entitled, “Manimbong and Ma’dandan Dance in Rambu Tuka’ Ceremony from Toraja, South Sulawesi”. Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances grow and develop in the Tana Toraja region. Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances are common in the society, yet on the other side, socially, these dances are scarce. Besides, these dances are also rare in the documentation. This study came up with the issues of the origin of Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances, the gestures, the presentation, the cosmetology, the costumes and the accompaniment of Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances. This study intended to delineate the origin of Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances, the presentation, the cosmetology, the costumes and accompaniment of Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances in Rambu Tuka’ ceremony. The descriptive analysis method was applied along with qualitative approach. The data were collected through observation, interview, documentation, literature review, and triangulation of data analysis. The results of this study showed that Manimbong and Ma’dandan dances originated from the locution of gratitude of Toraja society, for they had finished a whole set of customs in Tongkonan house. Manimbong is danced by the menfolk, whilst Ma’dandan is danced by the womenfolk. The unique characteristic of gestures from Manimbong dance is mangondo while chiming simbong. Ma’dandan dance has the very simple gestures like swinging the body to the right and the left while spinning the tekken held by the dancers. The presentation of these dances is very simple. The dancers lined up while dancing. The dressing used in this dance is the realist dressing. Dancers use Toraja traditional clothes. The accompaniment in this dance used the song sung by the dancers. To sum up this study, Manimbing and Ma’dandan dance is still preserved and this could be seen from the community tradition activities often held by Toraja society. Dressing, clothing and accompaniment still apply strong grip of tradition. Keywords: Manimbong and Ma’dandan Danc

Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Ikan Bada (Rasbora sp) di Danau Maninjau, Sumatra Barat

Bada fish is one of the high economic value fish resources that live in Lake Maninjau. Overfishing of bada fish by fishermen without paying attention to aspects of fish biology can lead to population decline. This study aims to analyze the form of bada fish management by looking at its biological aspects. This research was conducted at the Limnology Research Center of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong, Bogor in May-December 2019. Bada fish samples were collected from Lake Maninjau using fishing gear nets, lukah and chart. For the purposes of the analysis, the length and weight of the bada fish were measured and the level of maturity of the gonads. In this study, the t-test (partial) was carried out as an analysis of the parameters of the relationship between length and weight of fish. The results of this study indicate the growth of bada fish in Lake Maninjau based on the results of measurements of length and weight, namely length 21 mm - 124 mm with a weight of 0.01 gr - 13.85 g. The equation of the long relationship weight of female bada fish W = 3.1247L5,4128 , male bada fish W = 3.1296L5,4283 and combined W = 3.163L5,4899. The male dan female bada fish growth pattern is a positive allometric growth pattern. The value of the condition factor was obtained in female and male bada fish, namely 1.3086 and 1.0176. The highest results of bada fishing TKG III and IV were obtained in November. Therefore, it is concluded that the form of management can be carried out by limiting the size of the mesh, prohibiting the operation of non-selective fishing gear, modifying fishing gear, and regulating the catching season

Student Wellbeing Ditinjau dari Keberfungsian Keluarga dan Iklim Sekolah pada Siswa SMK di Kota Makassar

Abstract Student wellbeing is a condition of positive emotional life in students in the school environment. Wellbeing plays a very important role in the adolescent development process and supports the achievement of learning success at school. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the external system of vocational students (family and school) and their level of well-being. This research method is a correlational study of three research variables namely student wellbeing, family functioning and school climate. The subjects in this study were 140 students from two public vocational schools in Makassar City. The first and second hypothesis tests show that there is a positive and highly significant relationship between family functioning and student wellbeing (r = 0.420; p &lt; 0.01) and there is also a positive and highly significant relationship between school climate and student wellbeing (r = 0.470; p &lt; 0.01). The third hypothesis test uses multiple regression and shows that the variables of family functioning and school climate together are significantly related to student wellbeing of vocational high school students in Makassar City (F = 27.018; df = 2.0; p &lt; 0.01)

PENYULUHAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT RUMPUT LAUT DI DESA HUILELOT, KABUPATEN KUPANG

Hama dan penyakit merupakan permasalahan yang harus segera ditangani dengan tepat pada budidaya rumput laut. Hal ini akan berpengaruh pada kualitas rumput laut yang juga berdampak pada pendapatan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, penting dilakukan penyuluhan terkait hama dan penyakit rumput laut, dalam hal ini pada masyarakat Desa Huilelot Kabupaten Kupang. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat di Desa Huilelot Kabupaten Kupang akan hama dan penyakit rumput laut, sehingga dapat melengkapi keterampilan dasar dalam berbudidaya agar menghasilkan kualitas yang baik. Metode yang dilakukan pada kegiatan penyuluhan ini adalah ceramah dan diskusi. Penyuluhan ini memberikan pengetahuan dan kesadaran kepada masyarakat bahwa dalam berbudidaya diperlukan komitmen untuk mengontrol dan menangani hama dan penyakit secara langsung. Pengetahuan ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan dan diaplikasikan oleh masyarakat Desa Huilelot, sehingga berdampak bagi kualitas rumput laut dan pendapatan masyarakat

Fabrikasi dan Karakterisasi Briket Limbah Buah Pinus dengan Perekat Limbah Kulit Pohon Pinus

Penelitian tentang fabrikasi dan karakterisasi&nbsp; briket limbah&nbsp; buah pinus dengan perekat limbah kulit pohon pinus telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi limbah kulit pohon pinus sebagai perekat terhadap karakter briket tersebut. Proses pembuatan dimulai dengan melakukan karbonisasi&nbsp; limbah buah pinus dan penghalusan limbah kulit pohon pinus. Kedua bahan tersebut kemudian dicampur dan dicetak dengan metode cetak panas. Sampel briket yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi untuk mengetahui kadar air, kadar abu, volatil matter, fixed carbon, nilai kalor, kuat tekan, lama penyalaan dan laju pembakaran. Hasil penelitian&nbsp; menunjukan sampel briket terbaik yaitu yang memiliki presentase campuran limbah kulit pohon pinus sebesar 37,5% dengan hasil pengujian kadar air 6,85%, kadar abu 3,99%, volatil matter 38,55%, fixed carbon 50,6%, nilai kalor 6.138 cal/gr, laju pembakaran 0,14 gr/detik,dan kuat tekan 526,1 kgf/ . Penambahan persentase perekat cenderung menambah kadar abu, fixed carbon, nilai kalor, kuat tekan,&nbsp; laju pembakaran dan cenderung menurunkan nilai kadar air, volatil matter, dan lama penyalaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa limbah buah pinus dengan perekat limbah kulit pohon pinus layak digunakan sebagai bahan dalam karakterisasi biobriket Kata Kunci: Limbah, Buah Pinus, Kulit Pohon Pinus, Brike