Phylogenetic and Associated Phenotypic Analysis of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Mbandaka

Food borne salmonellosis is a global public health concern caused by Salmonella, that causes enteric disease both in humans and animals. Most of the pathogenic Salmonella serovars fall under Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, a major subspecies group that includes more than 50% of total identified Salmonella serovars. New serovars are identified each year and overall incidence of salmonellosis may mask the outbreak incidences caused by individual serovars. Infrequently reported serovar outbreaks can be a significant threat to public health. Salmonella enterica serovar Mbandaka is one of the infrequently reported causative agents of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in USA. But it has been considered as one of the frequent human Salmonella serovar in other countries such as European countries, Israel, Africa as well as in New Zealand. Published researches about this serovar were very limited and no prior studies have been reported about S. Mbandaka isolates from USA especially at the genomic level. Knowledge about the population structure and intra serovar genetic diversity that exists within the S. Mbandaka isolates in a global context remains a mystery. This research was aimed to understand the population structure of globally distributed S. Mbandaka isolates with a hypothesis that isolates of this serovar from different geographical area may be genetically close and form specific clonal groups. Genome sequence data of 465 isolates from different parts of the world were collected from NCBI database and were used to analyze diversity at single nucleotide level. Phylogenetic tree, created based on SNP analysis, revealed partitioning of isolates into two major clusters and six sub clusters. Cluster formation was validated by further analysis with core genome MLST. This research was also aimed to understand the antimicrobial resistance gene pattern and distribution of virulence factors in S. Mbandaka isolates from different isolation sources. Analysis of ability to invade host cells and resistance to low pH environment in 76 USA isolates showed no major difference in these phenotypic properties irrespective of isolation source. Overall this research provides a solid platform for the epidemiological investigation of future Salmonella outbreaks caused by serovar S. Mbandaka

Exploration of Host Health Benefits by a Defined Consortium of Butyrate-Producing Human Gut Bacteria In Gnotobiotic Mouse Model

Aberrant gut microbiota composition is found to be associated with several human diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Reduction in butyrate producing bacteria is one of the characteristic features of such dysbiotic bacterial community in the gut. Modulation of gut microbiota to bring the dysbiotic state back to normal healthy state is a promising therapeutic strategy to cure several diseases like recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) and IBD where traditional therapies using pharmacological substances fails to make a difference. Restoration of butyrate producers is found to be an effective method of such gut microbiota modulation. The potential to produce butyrate is phylogenetically diverse and not even present in all members of the same family. Hence the number of identified bacteria that can produce butyrate is not vast and most of them were not explored for their functional roles towards host health benefits. Low abundance and the difficulty to culture these strictly anaerobic organisms are the few reasons of their under exploration. Here we examine the immunomodulatory properties of four butyrate producing human gut bacterial species as a defined mix using gnotobiotic mouse as a model. Our study shows, these allochthonous bacterial strains assemble in the germ-free mouse gut and produce butyrate as one of the short chain fatty acids. Without causing any pathological changes, successful colonization of these bacteria fortifies the innate immune defense system by enhancing the expression of regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3b), regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (Reg3g), mucin 2 (Muc2) and defensin beta (Defb) genes in the colon and modulating the adaptive immune cell populations at the systemic levels. However, precolonization of these bacteria did not show any significant changes in pro and antiinflammatory responses in gnotobiotic mice compared to germ free mice under colitis induced by Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). But a better gross and histopathological appearance of colon in gnotobiotic mice indicates that these bacteria have some role in attenuating colitis rather aggravating it and thus can be considered as candidates of bacterial therapeutics

UPAYA PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN PADA KANTOR UPTD SAMSAT TULANG BAWANG MELALUI SURVEI TINGKAT KEPUASAN PAJAK KENDARAAN

The problems in this study are: (1) How to improve service quality at the Regional Technical Service Unit One-stop Unit Tulang Bawang Office through a Survey of Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Satisfaction Levels. (2) What are the aspects that hinder the Efforts to Improve Service Quality at the Regional Technical Service Unit One-stop Unit Tulang Bawang Office through the Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Satisfaction Level Survey.The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive analysis method. The use of this method is to examine and describe qualitatively, how the Efforts to Improve Service Quality at the Regional Technical Service Unit Office of One-stop Unit Tulang Bawang through the Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Satisfaction Survey. All data were obtained directly from informants in the field using interview and observation techniques, according to the research objectives to be achieved. Efforts to improve the quality of service at the Regional Technical Service Unit  of the Tulang Bawang One-Stop Administration One-stop Unit, through the Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Satisfaction Survey, have been carried out through the dimensions, namely, (1) Tangibles (Physical Evidence), In generally employees are always present at the office on time and provide friendly service, (2) Empathy (Empathy), In general employees have provided good service to taxpayers, (3) Reliability, Employees who are placed in the service section are employees who have attended training on services, (4) Responsive (Responsive), Employees always try to improve the quality of service to taxpayers, (5) Assurance (Guarantee), employees who work in the service department, have implemented rules in providing services, so there is no differences in service delivery

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AMONIASI UREA RUMPUT RAJA KERING DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP DAYA CERNA PROTEIN KASAR DAN RETENSI NITROGEN DOMBA JANTAN

penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh amoniasi urea pada rumput raja kering terhadap daya cerna protein kasar dan retensi nitrogen pada domba jantan

Evaluación de la simulación clínica como estrategia para fortalecer el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en la carrera de enfermería

La simulación clínica se ha reconocido como un proceso que integra la complejidad del aprendizaje práctico-teórico con posibilidad de repetición, retroalimentación, evaluación y reflexión para lograr competencias disciplinares y genéricas del estudiante. El objetivo que persigue es evaluar el uso de esta estrategia pedagógica con el fin de determinar si mejora y facilita el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los estudiantes internos de enfermería. Se trabajó con 22 estudiantes interinos de enfermería a los cuales se les aplicó la encuesta validada sobre el uso de simuladores clínicos como herramienta de aprendizaje. Esta se caracterizó por el predominio en el sexo femenino, edades comprendidas entre 22 y 25 años que estudian en su mayoría en la Universidad Católica del Ecuador y rotan por las diferentes áreas del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín con predominio en el área de medicina interna. Los estudiantes internos de enfermería tienen una percepción alta debido a que consideran en un 82% que la simulación clínica como herramienta de aprendizaje tiene beneficios adicionales frente a la enseñanza tradicional. Sin embargo, la simulación clínica no pretende reemplazar la formación tradicional en cuanto a la experiencia real con los pacientes. La encuesta aplicada permitió evaluar tres dimensiones fundamentales: la aplicación práctica, la utilidad y satisfacción en el ambiente profesional de los simuladores clínicos con un alto grado de satisfacción por parte de los internos rotativos de enfermería. Se concluye que la simulación clínica provee a los estudiantes internos de enfermería de habilidades conocimientos y aptitudes que integran la comunicación, el profesionalismo y la aplicación clínica. Además de todo ello, el uso de la simulación clínica contribuye a la sostenibilidad ambiental, económica y socialUniversidad Europea de ValenciaMáster Universitario en Docencia UniversitariaVirtua

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una microempresa productora y comercializadora de plásticos biodegradables a base de la papa en la parroquia de la Esperanza, cantón Ibarra

Producción y comercialización de plásticos biodegradables a base de papa, en la parroquia de la Esperanza Cantón Ibarra.La productividad y la competitividad tienden a aumentar en las perspectivas a largo plazo de productos alternativos, como los plásticos biodegradables que pueden ser fabricados a partir de recursos renovables de origen vegetal como la papa especialmente de la especie capiro. De los resultados del Diagnostico se determina que en la ciudad de Ibarra el uso de fundas plásticas biodegradables a base del almidón de papa de la especie capiro es viable, por la predisposición de los papicultores de la parroquia de la esperanza Cantón Ibarra en ser los proveedores directos de la materia prima. De los resultados del Estudio de Mercado se determina que existe un 74% de aceptación en adquirir fundas elaboradas en base a fibras naturales por parte de la población investigada. La oferta proyectada de fundas es de 4,626.995 para el año 2013. La demanda proyectada es de 9,683.777 de unidades. La demanda insatisfecha es de 5,056.782 unidades. Del Estudio Técnico se establece que la ubicación óptima de la empresa es en el sector de Chiriguasi, parroquia rural de La Esperanza del cantón Ibarra. La implementación de la empresa será sobre un área de 400m2 donde estarán ubicadas las diferentes áreas físicas de la empresa. Del Estudio Económico se establece una inversión inicial de $223.322.44 en activos fijos$189.100, capital de trabajo de $31,722.44, y activos pre operativos de$2.500. El financiamiento previsto es de $67,022.44 con recursos propios y$156,300.00 con un crédito en la Corporación Financiera Nacional. El Valor Presente Neto es de $55.981.74. La Tasa Interna de Retorno es de 20.60%. El Periodo de Recuperación de la Inversión es de 4 años, 5 meses y 24 días. El B/C es de 1.25. Los Impactos positivos del proyecto generalmente son de magnitud alta, mientras que los impactos negativos son de magnitud muy bajos.Ingenierí

Factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes de la clínica del SIDA - Hospital San Vicente de Paúl 2015 -2016

Determinar los factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes de la clínica del SIDA del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl.El VIH/SIDA según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) es considerado como un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, ubicándose dentro de las 10 principales causas de muerte en el mundo. A pesar de haber un tratamiento, la adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral sigue siendo un gran reto para todos los sistemas de salud. El objetivo fue determinar los factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes de la Clínica del SIDA del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl. La metodología utilizada es un trabajo de campo, descriptivo, transversal, propositivo, cuali-cuantitativo, la muestra estuvo integrada por 90 pacientes. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el 70% de la población infectada es el género masculino, las edades comprenden entre 20-40 años con el 66,7%, en orientación sexual el 74,4% es heterosexual y un 15,6% representa hombre teniendo sexo con hombre (HSH), el 61,1% de la población tiene estudios secundarios y superior, el 17,8% se dedica a la agricultura y un 16,7% son empleados públicos y privados, en cuanto a la relación intrafamiliar, el 66,7% se relacionan de forma normal, más del 95% toma su medicación siempre y en los horarios establecidos, el 97,8% tiene una buena relación profesional de salud-paciente y el 52,2% lleva entre 1-5 años recibiendo antirretrovirales. Conclusión: Se concluyó que los factores que influyen en la adherencia es el apoyo familiar, el nivel de instrucción, la relación profesional de salud-paciente, el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y sobre las ventajas de la terapia retroviral.Licenciatur

Proceda en la comunidad chimbuza como estrategia para la conservación de la quebrada la sardinera

Son varias las causas del deterioro ambiental que incluye desde algunos procesos naturales hasta las actividades hombre como la deforestación o la contaminación. El centro Educativo Vegas Chagüi Chimbuza no es ajeno a esta problemática, pues dentro de la comunidad se evidencia la falta de culturalización acerca del cuidado del medio ambiente, por lo que se considera de suma importancia educar a la población y concientizarla sobre la relevancia de cuidar su entorno y en especial las fuente de agua, de manera que por medio de la vivencia se busquen alternativas viables para incrementar el recurso forestal, incluso que sea la regeneración natural como alternativa. Es por esto, que se muestra la necesidad de implementar un plan de acción que integre a la comunidad estudiantil y alcanzar con ellos una mejor calidad de vida para los habitantes de esta zona y proyectarlo hacia las generaciones futuras

Genetic deletion of the kidney sodium/proton exchanger-3 (NHE3) does not alter calcium and phosphate balance due to compensatory responses

The sodium/proton exchanger-3 (NHE3) plays a major role in acid–base and extracellular volume regulation and is also implicated in calcium homeostasis. As calcium and phosphate balances are closely linked, we hypothesized that there was a functional link between kidney NHE3 activity, calcium, and phosphate balance. Therefore, we examined calcium and phosphate homeostasis in kidney tubule–specific NHE3 knockout mice (NHE3loxloxPax8 mice). Compared to controls, these knockout mice were normocalcemic with no significant difference in urinary calcium excretion or parathyroid hormone levels. Thiazide-induced hypocalciuria was less pronounced in the knockout mice, in line with impaired proximal tubule calcium transport. Knockout mice had greater furosemide-induced calciuresis and distal tubule calcium transport pathways were enhanced. Despite lower levels of the sodium/phosphate cotransporters (NaPi)-2a and -2c, knockout mice had normal plasma phosphate, sodium-dependent 32Phosphate uptake in proximal tubule membrane vesicles and urinary phosphate excretion. Intestinal phosphate uptake was unchanged. Low dietary phosphate reduced parathyroid hormone levels and increased NaPi-2a and -2c abundances in both genotypes, but NaPi-2c levels remained lower in the knockout mice. Gene expression profiling suggested proximal tubule remodeling in the knockout mice. Acutely, indirect NHE3 inhibition using the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin did not affect urinary calcium and phosphate excretion. No differences in femoral bone density or architecture were detectable in the knockout mice. Thus, a role for kidney NHE3 in calcium homeostasis can be unraveled by diuretics, but NHE3 deletion in the kidneys has no major effects on overall calcium and phosphate homeostasis due, at least in part, to compensating mechanisms.</p

The microbial nitrogen cycling, bacterial community composition, and functional potential in a natural grassland are stable from breaking dormancy to being dormant again

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The raw data is available on NCBI’s Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under BioProject: PRJNA803487.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS : FIGURE S1: Soil textures of the sampling sites; FIGURE S2: Distribution of plant groups across the six study sites; FIGURE S3: Plant species distribution across the study sites. The legume species are represented by asterisk (*) on the legend. The abbreviations represent: BRIN, Bromus inermis; POPR, Poa pratensis; PHAR, Phalaris arundinacea; CA, Carex sp.; NA, Nassella sp.; ANGE, Andropogon gerardii; SCSC, Schizachyrium scoparium; BOCU, Bouteloua curtipendula; DIOL, Dichanthelium oligosanthes; CIFL, Cirsium flodmanii; ASSP, Asclepias speciose; SOMI, Solidago missouriensis; HEMA, Helianthus maximiliani; ANCA, Anemone canadensis; SOCA, Solidago canadensis; GLLE, Glycyrrhiza lepidota; PH, Physalis sp.; AMCA*, Amorpha canescens; DAPU*, Dalea purpurea; PE*, Pediomelum sp.; RO, Rosa sp.; FIGURE S4: Soil chemical properties across sampling sites within the sampling time points with Kruskal–Wallis test results; FIGURE S5: Alpha-diversity of the bacterial communities across 6 months. (a) Shannon diversity and (b) Pielou Evenness.; FIGURE S6: Taxa differences across at least one time point across the seasons (p < 0.01). The names of the phyla shown here are based on the taxonomic profile downloaded from the Greengenes database, however, some of the phylum names have recently been changed [38]; TABLE S1. G-Block solutions; TABLE S2. Primers used for nitrogen cycle genes. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA S3. R 2 values of the qPCR assays. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA S4. OTU table.The quantity of grass-root exudates varies by season, suggesting temporal shifts in soil microbial community composition and activity across a growing season. We hypothesized that bacterial community and nitrogen cycle-associated prokaryotic gene expressions shift across three phases of the growing season. To test this hypothesis, we quantified gene and transcript copy number of nitrogen fixation (nifH), ammonia oxidation (amoA, hao, nxrB), denitrification (narG, napA, nirK, nirS, norB, nosZ), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (nrfA), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (hzs, hdh) using the pre-optimized Nitrogen Cycle Evaluation (NiCE) chip. Bacterial community composition was characterized using V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene, and PICRUSt2 was used to draw out functional inferences. Surprisingly, the nitrogen cycle genes and transcript quantities were largely stable and unresponsive to seasonal changes. We found that genes and transcripts related to ammonia oxidation and denitrification were different for only one or two time points across the seasons (p < 0.05). However, overall, the nitrogen cycling genes did not show drastic variations. Similarly, the bacterial community also did not vary across the seasons. In contrast, the predicted functional potential was slightly low for May and remained constant for other months. Moreover, soil chemical properties showed a seasonal pattern only for nitrate and ammonium concentrations, while ammonia oxidation and denitrification transcripts were strongly correlated with each other. Hence, the results refuted our assumptions, showing stability in N cycling and bacterial community across growing seasons in a natural grassland.The South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station.https://www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganismsam2023BiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog