Tanzania: etnias y participación política

Alejandra Liriano (biografía): Nació en Salcedo, República Dominicana. Hizo una licenciatura en ciencias políticas en la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD). Luego realizó una maestría en la misma área y con especialización en el África Subsahariana en el Colegio de México. Obtuvo su doctorado en relaciones internacionales en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Desde el 2004 es viceministra del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de República Dominicana. Tiene más de 25 años de experiencia docente, los cuales le han permitido ser profesora en distintos centros de estudios superiores, coordinadora de la Maestría en Sociología Política de la Universidad APEC y directora ejecutiva de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO).Los problemas de la participación política en Tanzania debido a su fragmentación política interna en distintos grupos étnicos y a los defectos de la estrategia de reestructuración de las unidades administrativas de gobierno concebida en el plan Ujamaa constituyen el tema tratado en este artículo. Y es que, en vez de estimular los planes de desarrollo y la autogestión de las comunidades aldeanas en todos sus niveles, las estructuras de participación parecen haber impedido de hecho la integración efectiva de sus ciudadanos, pues asumieron mecanismos autoritarios y clientelares en los que la influencia de ciertos líderes locales determinaba el reparto preferencial y desigual de los escasos recursos disponibles. Burocratismo, autoritarismo, abusos de poder y ventajas solo para unos cuantos fueron las consecuencias del plan socialista tanzano que buscaba sustentarse en la familia ampliada, entidad básica o común de los diferentes grupos étnicos que conformaban el país

Doble titulación académica en TI, para satisfacción de la demanda laboral

Rosa Elvira Liriano (biografía): Doctora en Educación, concentración Diseño Instruccional y Educación a Distancia, en la Nova Southeastern University, 2013. Master of Science (Collage: Fischeler Sch Edu/Hum Serv. Major: Curriculum, Instruction and Technology), en la Nova Southeastern University, 2007. Ingeniería en Sistemas y Computación, en la Universidad Dominicana O&M, 1999. Ha impartido docencia en modelos presenciales, semipresenciales y virtuales en capacitaciones técnicas, grado y posgrado, en la educación superior dominicana. Se desempeñó como directora de la Dirección de Investigación y en la actualidad es directora de la carrera de Informática en Educación Superior. Desde el 2005 se desempeña como encargada del Departamento de Tecnología de la Información, en el Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Pública Dr. Defilló. Es coautora del libro Documentos 23: sobre el papel de los estudiantes en los Estudios Generales, que publicó INTEC en 2017.Ante un mundo globalizado, donde las tecnologías tienen un papel preponderante los profesionales requieren de mejores herramientas que le permitan responden a las demandas de un mercado laboral cambiante y más globalizado. En tal sentido la autora de este artículo nos muestra la importancia de que los egresados tenga las competencias en el tema de la Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación que le permitan no quedar marginados en un mundo dominado por las TIC. Además, nos muestra mediante un estudio la necesidad de incorporar las certificaciones a la oferta académica curricular para los estudiantes de educación superior.Universidad APE

Resident Physicians’ Engagement with the Medical Humanities

High rates of burnout and depression among medical students, residents, and physicians indicate that medical professionals at all levels of their career need healthy ways to sustain themselves against the emotional, physical, and mental challenges they face daily. Prior research suggests that students who engage with the medical humanities develop positive physician qualities and experience lower levels of burnout. However, no research has explored physicians’ perspectives on how exposure to the humanities through the medical school curriculum carries into professional life and practice. Additionally, while numerous U.S. medical schools have established literary arts journals as outlets for self-expression, research on the significance of engaging with such journals is sparse. This study sought to explore how residents who engaged with self-expression through Eloquor, their medical school’s humanities journal, understood their experience with the medical humanities and related it to personal and professional facets of their lives as physicians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight residents who had published in Eloquor as students. Interview transcripts were analyzed to identify salient themes. The results of the study indicate that medical humanities experiences instilled knowledge, skills, and attitudes that remained relevant beyond medical school, contributing to participants’ ability to navigate the personal and professional challenges of physicianhood. Specifically, participants discussed how engaging with the medical humanities contributed to their personal well-being and professional growth, promoted balance between personal and professional facets of their lives, and fostered community and understanding within and outside the profession. Personal well-being was linked to self-expression in particular, which participants described as an outlet, processing tool, and avenue for self-improvement. Medical humanities experiences in general contributed to participants’ professional growth, by facilitating career advancement and aiding their professional development. Medical humanities also offset the all-consuming nature of medicine and provided a break from the sciences, making room for the art of medical practice. Additionally, participants described how spaces like Eloquor cultivated community and understanding by illuminating physicians’ experiences. The findings of this study suggest that medical humanities experiences enhance the education, practice, and well-being of future physicians

Chirality at two-dimensional surfaces: A perspective from small molecule alcohol assembly on Au(111)

The delicate balance between H-bonding and van der Waals interactions determine the stability,structure and chirality of many molecular and supramolecular aggregates weakly adsorbed on solid surfaces.Yet the inherent complexity of these systems makes their experimental study at the molecular level very challenging.Small alcohols adsorbed on metal surfaces have become a useful model system to gain fundamental insight into the interplay of such molecule-surface and molecule-molecule interactions.Here, through a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory,we compare and contrast the adsorption and self-assembly of a range of small alcohols from methanol to butanol on Au(111).We find that that longer chained alcohols prefer to form zigzag chains held together by extended H-bonded networks between adjacent molecules.When alcohols bind to a metal surface datively via one of the two lone electron pairs of the oxygen atom they become chiral.Therefore,the chain structures are formed by a H-bonded network between adjacent molecules with alternating adsorbed chirality.These chain structures accommodate longer alkyl tails through larger unit cells, while the position of the hydroxyl group within the alcohol molecule can produce denser unit cells that maximize intermolecular interactions.Interestingly,when intrinsic chirality is introduced into the molecule as in the case of 2-butanol the assembly changes completely and square packing structures with chiral pockets are observed. This is rationalized by the fact that the intrinsic chirality of the molecule directs the chirality of the adsorbed hydroxyl group meaning that heterochiral chain structures cannot form.Overall this study provides a general framework for understanding the effect of simple alcohol molecular adstructures on H-bonded aggregates and paves the way for rationalizing 2D chiral supramolecular assembly

The interplay of covalency, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion leads to a long range chiral network: The example of 2-butanol

The assembly of complex structures in nature is driven by an interplay between several intermolecular interactions, from strong covalent bonds to weaker dispersion forces. Understanding and ultimately controlling the self-assembly of materials requires extensive study of how these forces drive local nanoscale interactions and how larger structures evolve. Surface-based self-assembly is particularly amenable to modeling and measuring these interactions in well-defined systems. This study focuses on 2-butanol, the simplest aliphatic chiral alcohol. 2-butanol has recently been shown to have interesting properties as a chiral modifier of surface chemistry; however, its mode of action is not fully understood and a microscopic understanding of the role non-covalent interactions play in its adsorption and assembly on surfaces is lacking. In order to probe its surface properties, we employed high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. We found a surprisingly rich degree of enantiospecific adsorption, association, chiral cluster growth and ultimately long range, highly ordered chiral templating. Firstly, the chiral molecules acquire a second chiral center when adsorbed to the surface via dative bonding of one of the oxygen atom lone pairs. This interaction is controlled via the molecule's intrinsic chiral center leading to monomers of like chirality, at both chiral centers, adsorbed on the surface. The monomers then associate into tetramers via a cyclical network of hydrogen bonds with an opposite chirality at the oxygen atom. The evolution of these square units is surprising given that the underlying surface has a hexagonal symmetry. Our DFT calculations, however, reveal that the tetramers are stable entities that are able to associate with each other by weaker van der Waals interactions and tessellate in an extended square network. This network of homochiral square pores grows to cover the whole Au(111) surface. Our data reveal that the chirality of a simple alcohol can be transferred to its surface binding geometry, drive the directionality of hydrogen-bonded networks and ultimately extended structure. Furthermore, this study provides the first microscopic insight into the surface properties of this important chiral modifier and provides a well-defined system for studying the network's enantioselective interaction with other molecules

La redacción de las citas y referencias en los Proyectos de Grado: caso República Dominicana

The quality of an academic work is associated with the scientific rigor used in its preparation, especially in relation to the writing of citations and references. The article that we present has as a general objective to analyze the level of application of the norms of the American Psychologists Association (APA) in the elaboration of citations and references in the Degree Projects of the students of the education career of the Technological University Santiago (UTESA), Gaspar Hernández campus. The population under study is represented by 334 students, 34 teachers and the 83 Degree Projects that represent the academic documents prepared by the students, from the semester 3/2016 / to 3/2019. These include 7,298 citations and 6,038 references. The methodology is based on a mixed approach, by including quantitative elements and qualitative techniques. In the data collection, two questionnaires prepared ad hoc by the researcher were used, with the Likert-type scale and a Data Analysis Matrix. Descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis.The results of the study identified errors in the citations elaborated, such as, the incorrect use of punctuation marks, erroneous ordering of the elements, omission or change in the data, absence of the year of publication of the source. In the references, a combination of formats is observed, reversing the order of the components, and other more serious ones, such as incomplete URLs or omission of information from the source.La calidad de un trabajo académico está asociado al rigor científico empleado en su elaboración, especialmente en lo relativo a la redacción de las citas y referencias. El artículo que presentamos tiene como objetivo general analizar el nivel de aplicación de las normas de la Asociación de Psicólogos Americanos (APA) en la elaboración de las citas y referencias en los Proyectos de Grado de los estudiantes de la carrera de educación de la Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago (UTESA), recinto Gaspar Hernández. La población bajo estudio está representada por 334 estudiantes, 34 docentes y los 83 Proyectos de Grado que representan los documentos académicos elaborados por los alumnos, desde el cuatrimestre 3/2016/ hasta el 3/2019. Estos incluyen 7,298 citas y 6,038 referencias. La metodología se sustenta en un enfoque mixto, al incluir elementos cuantitativos y técnicas cualitativas. En la recopilación de los datos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios elaborados ad hoc, con la escala tipo Likert y una Matriz de Análisis de Datos. En el análisis de los datos se empleó la estadística descriptiva.  Los resultados del estudio identificaron errores en las citas elaboradas, tales como, el uso incorrecto de los signos de puntuación, ordenamiento erróneo de los elementos, omisión o cambio en los datos, ausencia del año de publicación de la fuente. En las referencias, se observa combinación de formatos, invertir el orden de los componentes, y otros más graves, como URL incompletos u omisión de información de la fuente

Management of laryngomalacia: experience with 22 cases

Laryngomalacia is the most frequent cause of stridor in childhood, and in most of the cases, spontaneous resolution occurs by the age of 2 years. Approximately 10% of the cases (severe laryngomalacia) require surgery. This condition is of unknown etiology and its diagnosis is made by fiberoptic laryngoscopy, which shows shortening of the aryepiglottic folds, and/or redundant arytenoid mucosa, and/or anterior-posterior epiglottic prolapse. AIM: Our objective was to verify the main clinical and anatomical affections and to highlight the clinical parameters for clinical follow-up and surgical indication in patients with laryngomalacia. STUDY DESIGN: Transversal cohort study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-two children diagnosed with laryngomalacia in the Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology of UNIFESP-EPM, from January 2001 to December 2003, whose clinical and surgical follow-up were performed by the same examiner, were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Out of twenty-two evaluated children, 2 (9.1%) presented with severe laryngomalacia and pectus excavatum (funnel chest). At polysomnography, no child presented any significant respiratory event during sleeping. Those two children with severe laryngomalacia were submitted to supraglottoplasty with resection of the aryepiglottic folds. CONCLUSION: We concluded that stridor and shortening of the aryepiglottic folds are preponderant in children with laryngomalacia. The polysomnographic exam did not prove to be a good parameter for clinical follow-up, neither for surgical indication. The most important parameters were pectus excavatum and failure to thrive. Supraglottoplasty is effective and has low morbidity rate.A Laringomalácia é a causa mais comum de estridor na infância, com resolução espontânea até os 2 anos de idade na maioria dos casos. Cerca de 10% dos casos (laringomalácia severa) necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica. O diagnóstico é estabelecido com o exame de videonasofibroscopia, na qual se observa encurtamento da prega ariepiglótica, e/ou excesso de mucosa das aritenóides, e/ou queda da epiglote no sentido ântero-posterior. A etiologia ainda permanece desconhecida. OBJETIVO: Verificar as principais alterações clínicas e anatômicas assim como identificar os principais parâmetros clínicos no acompanhamento e na indicação cirúrgica de pacientes portadores de laringomalácia. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo de coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram incluídos neste estudo 22 crianças com diagnóstico de laringomalácia do ambulatório de otorrinolaringologia pediátrica da UNIFESP-EPM, entre janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2003, assistidas pelo mesmo examinador. RESULTADOS: Das 22 crianças com diagnóstico de laringomalácia, duas (9,1%) apresentavam laringomalácia severa com depressão torácica (tórax escavado). O estridor inspiratório e o encurtamento das pregas ariepiglóticas foram encontrados em todos pacientes. À polissonografia, nenhuma criança apresentou evento respiratório significativo durante o sono. As duas crianças com laringomalácia severa foram submetidas à supraglotoplastia com secção das pregas ariepiglóticas. CONCLUSÃO: O estridor respiratório e o encurtamento das pregas ariepiglóticas fazem parte preponderante do quadro clínico. A polissonografia não mostrou ser um parâmetro importante, nem para o acompanhamento clínico nem para a indicação cirúrgica, ao contrário da falta de ganho de peso e da presença de tórax escavado. A secção cirúrgica das pregas ariepiglóticas é efetiva e com baixo índice de morbidade.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Otorrinolaringologia da UNIFESPSciEL

Experimental observations of obstructions on floodplains

The effect of placing obstructions of similar size but different shapes and at different locations on a floodplain adjacent to a meandering channel is considered. The results from the laboratory model tests show that placing a solid obstruction along some parts of a bend has a more significant effect on the upstream and downstream water levels than at other locations. The average increase in water level upstream from the obstructions is compared with the obstruction length and percentage blockage. One result using a permeable obstruction is presented and a 15% reduction in upstream water level is observed compared with a solid obstruction of the same length. The results suggest that maintenance of vegetation is more critical in some areas than in others