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If the human brain matures at age 25, a young woman police officer figures that what she’s experienced since becoming a cop at 23 is impressed into her permanently. Articles, stories, and other compositions in this archive were written by participants in Frontline Writers. The program offers current and former members of the public safety community a customized writing class, free of charge. The program encourages and assists participants in sharing their stories and experiences of service in a supportive setting with fellow public safety members

Examining the Role of Ambivalent Sexism, Violations of Traditional Feminine Norms, and Provocation in Men\u27s Aggression Toward Women and Female Intimate Partners

The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypotheses that men’s endorsement of hostile sexism (HS), but not benevolent sexism (BS), would be positively associated with their perpetration of laboratory physical aggression toward a female stranger who was perceived as low in her adherence to traditional feminine norms or their self-report of sexual and physical aggression toward a female intimate partner. Though these apriori hypotheses were not supported, exploratory analyses demonstrated that despite initial perceptions of a female as conforming to traditional feminine norms, receiving any provocation from that female elicited a significant increase in intensity of physical aggression following receipt of provocation from that female. These analyses similarly indicated that men’s endorsement of HS was positively associated with their perpetration of laboratory physical aggression and self-report of sexual, but not physical, intimate partner aggression. Clinical theory- and research-based implications are discussed

High rate deposition processes for thin film CdTe solar cells

This thesis describes the development of a fast rate method for the deposition of high quality CdS and CdTe thin films. The technique uses Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering (PDCMS). Surprisingly, the technique produces highly stable process conditions. CREST is the first laboratory worldwide to show that pulsed DC power may be used to deposit CdS and CdTe thin films. This is a very promising process technology with potential for eventual industrial deployment. The major advantage is that the process produces high deposition rates suitable for use in solar module manufacturing. These rates are over an order of magnitude faster than those obtained by RF sputtering. In common with other applications it has also been found that the energetics of the pulsed DC process produce excellent thin film properties and the power supply configuration avoids the need for complex matching circuits. Conventional deposition methodologies for CdS, Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) and CdTe thin films, Electrodeposition (ED), have been chosen as baselines to compare film properties with Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering (PDCMS). One of the issues encountered with the deposition of CdS thin films (window layers) was the presence of pinholes. A Plasma cleaning process of FTO-coated glass prior to the deposition of the CdS/CdTe solar cell has been developed. It strongly modifies and activates the TCO surface, and improves the density and compactness of the deposited CdS thin film. This, in turn, improves the optical and morphological properties of the deposited CdS thin films, resulting in a higher refractive index. The pinhole removal and the increased density allows the use of a much thinner CdS layer, and this reduces absorption of blue spectrum photons and thereby increases the photocurrent and the efficiency of the thin film CdTe cell. Replacing the conventional magnetic stirrer with an ultrasonic probe in the chemical bath (sonoCBD) was found to result in CdS films with higher optical density, higher refractive index, pinhole and void-free, more compact and uniform along the surface and through the thickness of the deposited material. PDCMS at 150 kHz, 500 W, 2.5 μs, 2 s, results in a highly stable process with no plasma arcing. It allows close control of film thickness using time only. The CdS films exhibited a high level of texture in the direction. The grain size was typically ~50 nm. Pinholes and voids could be avoided by reducing the working gas pressure using gas flows ii below 20 sccm. The deposition rate was measured to be 1.33 nm/s on a rotating substrate holder. The equivalent deposition rate for a static substrate is 8.66 nm/s, which is high and much faster than can be achieved using a chemical bath deposition or RF magnetron sputtering. The transmission of CdS can be improved by engineering the band gap of the CdS layer. It has been shown that by adding oxygen to the working gas pressure in an RF sputtering deposition process it is possible to deposit an oxygenated CdS (CdS:O) layer with an improved band gap. In this thesis, oxygenated CdS films for CdTe TF-PV applications have been successfully deposited by using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The process is highly stable using a pulse frequency of 150 kHz and a 2.5 μs pulse reverse time. No plasma arcing was detected. A range of CdS:O films were deposited by using O2 flows from 1 sccm to 10 sccm during the deposition process. The deposition rates achieved using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with only 500 W of power to the magnetron target were in the range ~1.49 nm/s ~2.44 nm/s, depending on the oxygen flow rate used. The properties of CdS thin films deposited by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering and chemical bath deposition have been studied and compared. The pulsed DC magnetron sputtering process produced CdS thin films with the preferred hexagonal oriented crystalline structure with a columnar grain growth, while sonoCBD deposited films were polycrystalline with a cubic structure and small grainy crystallites throughout the thickness of the films. Examination of the PDCMS deposited CdS films confirmed the increased grain size, increased density, and higher crystallinity compared to the sonoCBD CdS films. The deposition rate for CdS obtained using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering was 2.86 nm/s using only 500 W power on a six inch circular target compared to the much slower (0.027 nm/s) for the sonoChemical bath deposited layers. CdTe thin films were grown on CdS films prepared by sonoCBD and Pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The results showed that the deposition technique used for the CdS layer affected the growth and properties of the CdTe film and also determined the deposition rate of CdTe, being 3 times faster on the sputtered CdS. PDCMS CdTe layers were deposited at ambient temperature, 500 W, 2.9 μs, 10 s, 150 kHz, with a thickness of approximately 2 μm on CdS/TEC10 coated glass. The layers appear iii uniform and smooth with a grain size less than 100 nm, highly compact with the morphology dominated by columnar grain growth. Stress analysis was performed on the CdTe layers deposited at room temperature using different gas flows. Magnetron sputtered thin films deposited under low gas pressure are often subject to compressive stress due to the high mobility of the atoms during the deposition process. A possible way to reduce the stress in the film is the post-deposition annealing treatment. As the lattice parameter increased; the stress in the film is relieved. Also, a changing the deposition substrate temperature had an effect on the microstructure of CdTe thin films. Increasing the deposition temperature increased the grain size, up to ~600 nm. CdTe thin films with low stress have been deposited on CdS/TEC10 coated glass by setting the deposition substrate temperature at ~200°C and using high argon flows ~ 70 sccm Ar. Finally, broadband multilayer ARCs using alternate high and low refractive index dielectric thin films have been developed to improve the light transmission into solar cell devices by reducing the reflection of the glass in the extended wavelength range utilised by thin-film CdTe devices. A four-layer multilayer stack has been designed and tested, which operates across the wavelength range used by thin-film CdTe PV devices (400 850 nm). Optical modelling predicts that the MAR coating reduces the WAR (400-850 nm) from the glass surface from 4.22% down to 1.22%. The application of the MAR coating on a thin-film CdTe solar cell increased the efficiency from 10.55% to 10.93% or by 0.38% in absolute terms. This is a useful 3.6% relative increase in efficiency. The increased light transmission leads to improvement of the short-circuit current density produced by the cell by 0.65 mA/cm2. The MAR sputtering process developed in this work is capable of scaling to an industrial level

Two levels in the feeling of familiarity

This paper explores the role of phenomenology in the understanding of the cognitive processes of coupling/decoupling, defending the Wittgensteinian idea that phenomenology can play a crucial role as a description of immediate (social) experience. We argue that epistemic feelings can provide a phenomenological description of the development of a subject's everyday experience, tracking the transition from the processes of coupling/decoupling and recoupling with the world. In particular, the feeling of familiarity, whose key features can be considered the core of epistemic feelings, signals a novelty in the flow of experience that makes sense and is worthy of remarking on or even articulating. By describing the primary features and sources of the feeling of familiarity, we highlight a conceptual tension related to its sources, which could be based on processing both fluency and discrepancy. We proposed a solution to the conceptual tension by introducing two levels of the feeling of familiarity: epistemic and experiential

Accuracy of Area of Origin Analysis on Textured, Wallpaper Surfaces

Bloodstains at crime scenes can be deposited or projected on many surface types, and the importance of Area of Origin (AO) calculations for impact stains are vital in the sequence of events. In the UK, wallpaper is a common material used to decorate walls. This study looked at the effect different wallpapers had on the calculated Area of Origin (AO) using FARO Zone 3D (FZ3D) software. A variety of wallpaper types were used, such as Foil, Printed, Vinyl, Washable, Woodchip and Anaglypta. These consisted of smooth and rough surface textures while the control was a plain painted wall. For each wallpaper type and control plain wall, six repeated impacts were conducted. An impact rig with a spring tension arm was fixed 45 cm from the X wall and 45 cm from the Y wall, and remained the same throughout the experiment, to resemble an impact blow for a bloodletting event. The location was also known to the analyst. AO error co-ordinates were measured directly in the FZ3D software to the known impact location, and the results were analysed. An overall 30 cm maximum allowable error from the known impact location was chosen since it was expected that textured surfaces would not perform as well. Nonetheless, 30 cm can still distinguish between a person that is low to the ground, kneeling or standing. The mean AO errors for each wallpaper type were Plain wall, 9.77 cm, Anaglypta wallpaper, 18.55 cm, Woodchip wallpaper, 13.99 cm, Washable wallpaper, 9.81 cm, Foil wallpaper, 10.82 cm, Printed wallpaper, 10.77 cm and Vinyl wallpaper, 9.59 cm. The maximum error for any one impact test was 24.81 cm which was within the chosen 30 cm limit. Wallpapers that had highly textured surfaces had the greatest errors. Also, FZ3D is shown to be an acceptable tool when analysing impact bloodstain patterns on different wallpaper types

Enhance Resident Physician Well-being: How and Why to Implement Opt-Out Wellness Check-Ins

Abstract The stress of transitioning to residency can lead to new or worsening depression, anxiety, and burnout among house staff.1 Lowering barriers to accessing mental health services and emphasizing preventative mental health care can improve the mental well-being of residents. Opt-out programs have been used to target resident physicians and medical students, to increase help-seeking and provide low-barrier access to mental health care and other supports.2-5 Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH) is a multi-state not-for profit academic medical system that trains approximately 2,100 house staff/year. Opt-out visits began at TJUH as a pilot in 2021 with 2 residency programs. In 2022, the program expanded to include 9 residencies. AY21: 76 visits were scheduled. 61% (46/76) opted in. Of those, 24% (11/46) scheduled an intake. AY22: 369 visits were scheduled. 32% (118/369) opted in. Of those, 34% (40/118) scheduled an intake. This data shows that residents who attend opt-out visits often choose to schedule intake appointments, illustrating increased help-seeking behavior. This low-cost intervention can be implemented by all institutions to demonstrate that hospital and program leadership value well-being.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/phbposters/1005/thumbnail.jp

Lebenswelt e Lebensform. Articolazione delle forme e mondo della vita tra Husserl e Wittgenstein.

Il presente lavoro ha l’obiettivo di gettare nuova luce sulla potenziale relazione tra i concetti di Lebenswelt in Husserl e Lebensform in Wittgenstein, inserendosi in un dibattito che affonda le radici nella seconda metà del Novecento. Rispetto ai precedenti esiti volti a rimarcare la presunta impossibilità di soddisfare un simile compito, questo contributo si propone invece di rilanciare l’interrogazione con un punto di vista trascendentale sul problema, offrendo non già un confronto tra i due autori, quanto piuttosto una prospettiva relazionale. Quest’ultima gravita intorno ad un nucleo principale, che intende descrivere il momento di innesto di una determinata forma di vita nella cornice strutturale della Lebenswelt. Così facendo, restituisce una determinata chiave di accesso al problema più generale di articolazione della forma nella struttura, ponendo al tempo stesso le due nozioni come contrappeso teoretico rispetto alle contemporanee tendenze di naturalizzazione del pensiero filosofico, in particolare quelle di stampo enattivo. A tale scopo, il lavoro affida alla pratica e in particolare alla pratica linguistico-dialogica il primato nell’ambito del processo di formazione e di articolazione della forma, depotenziando il carattere impositivo della struttura. Il lavoro è strutturato in tre parti. La prima, di carattere introduttivo, presenta i concetti di mondo della vita e di forma di vita, risolvendo alcuni problemi interpretativi legati ad essi e mostrandone la centralità nell’ambito della produzione husserliana e wittgensteiniana. Inoltre, essa legittima la nostra operazione speculativa, mostrando la necessità di un’osservazione congiunta tra le nozioni prescelte e ponendo le basi per una trattazione in cui le prospettive di Wittgenstein e quelle di Husserl finiscono per fondersi. La seconda parte, che si propone di entrare nel vivo del movimento di formazione ad oggetto, indaga il processo di acquisizione e uso linguistico, nonché il peculiare ruolo svolto dalle pratiche dialogiche nella costituzione di una determinata Heimwelt, analizzando al tempo stesso l’orizzonte di senso entro cui questo movimento di formazione si inserisce. Particolare attenzione è dedicata, a questo proposito, al processo di sedimentazione e all’analisi del senso di familiarità in relazione all’abitualità. La terza e ultima parte, dalla quale emerge marcatamente la prospettiva trascendentale, compie un passo indietro, analizzando “dall’alto” il rapporto tra forma e struttura, nonché il ruolo peculiare che il soggetto ricopre in questo meccanismo di formazione.The main aim of the present research work is to shed new light on the relationship between Wittgenstein’s notion of Lebensform and Husserl’s concept of Lebenswelt. Referring to a critical framework whose roots are to be found in the second half of the twentieth century, the work reintroduces the debate, adopting a transcendental point of view and proposing a “relational perspective”, rather than a proper comparison. In so doing, it provides a specific key to investigate the general relationship between form and structure and to critically discuss the contemporary naturalistic tendencies in philosophy, with particular attention to enactivism. The work’s main proposal pinpoints the primary role of linguistic and dialogic practices in the constitution of a particular form of life, within the structural framework of the lifeworld. For these purposes, the dissertation is structured in three parts. The first and introductive one discusses the notions of Lebenswelt and Lebensform, not only solving some interpretative problems, but also showing their peculiar role in both Husserl’s and Wittgenstein’s production. It also legitimates our desideratum, underlying the necessity of a relational perspective on the two notions. The second part observes the constitution of a specific form of life from the inside, describing the central role of language and dialogue for the development of a Heimwelt and the horizon of meanings in which this constitution takes place. Particular attention is devoted, in this context, to the notions of sedimentation, familiarity and habituality. The third and last part, from which the transcendental perspective we are adopting emerges, describes the general relationship between form and structure, together with the peculiar and ambiguous role played by the subject in this process

Empowering Resident Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness Through Opt-Out Visits

Background House staff officers are more likely to experience burnout than their age-matched peers in the general population.3 ACGME Common Program requirements emphasize the importance of well-being in residency programs, including the opportunity to attend healthcare appointments during working hours.1 Opt-out programs have been used to increase help-seeking behavior and provide low-barrier access to mental health care and other supports.2, 4-5 Self-determination theory proposes that individuals’ well-being can be enhanced if the core psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness are met.6 The lack of perceived autonomy, competence, and connection felt by residents can lead to new or worsening depression, anxiety, and burnout among house staff. Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH) is a multi-state not-for-profit academic medical system affiliated with the Sidney Kimmel Medical College. The Emotional Health and Wellness Program for House Staff (EHWP) provides long-term counseling, medication management, and outreach services. The EHWP opt-out visit structure was modeled on the framework of creating a safety plan. Residents reflected on their personal signs of burnout, coping skills, supports, and indications for seeking professional help. AY21: 76 visits were scheduled. 61% (46/76) opted in. Of those, 24% (11/46) scheduled a therapy intake. AY22: 369 visits were scheduled. 32% (118/369) opted in. Of those, 34% (40/118) scheduled a therapy intake. This data shows that residents who attend opt-out visits often choose to schedule intake appointments, illustrating an increase in help-seeking behavior. Anonymous survey comments indicated that residents appreciate the autonomy to be able to choose to take dedicated time to reflect on their well-being and be connected to available support that they did not always know existed. Offering opt-out visits meets ACGME requirements and are a low-cost, meaningful addition to residents’ medical training.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/phbposters/1006/thumbnail.jp