Daily life and life quality 3 years following prostate cancer treatment.

Knowledge of experiences from prostate cancer is sparse in a longitudinal perspective. From a nursing perspective, results from combined qualitative and quantitative studies are lacking however would present the broadest knowledge base for best practice. Present descriptions of medical-physical symptoms such as urinary, bowel and sexual dysfunction from quantitative inquiries need be complemented with qualitative results. Such knowledge is essential in relation to treatment and communication with patients over the years and not only shortly after surgery

Label-free optical interferometric microscopy to characterize morphodynamics in living plants

During the last century, fluorescence microscopy has played a pivotal role in a range of scientific discoveries. The success of fluorescence microscopy has prevailed despite several shortcomings like measurement time, photobleaching, temporal resolution, and specific sample preparation. To bypass these obstacles, label-free interferometric methods have been developed. Interferometry exploits the full wavefront information of laser light after interaction with biological material to yield interference patterns that contain information about structure and activity. Here, we review recent studies in interferometric imaging of plant cells and tissues, using techniques such as biospeckle imaging, optical coherence tomography, and digital holography. These methods enable quantification of cell morphology and dynamic intracellular measurements over extended periods of time. Recent investigations have showcased the potential of interferometric techniques for precise identification of seed viability and germination, plant diseases, plant growth and cell texture, intracellular activity and cytoplasmic transport. We envision that further developments of these label-free approaches, will allow for high-resolution, dynamic imaging of plants and their organelles, ranging in scales from sub-cellular to tissue and from milliseconds to hours

Long-term impact of chronosequential land use change on soil carbon stocks on a Swedish farm

Agricultural practices and land use significantly influence soil carbon storage. The processes that are affected by land use and management are generally understood, but uncertainties in projections are high. In this paper, we investigate the long-term effects of chronosequential land use change from grassland to cropland and vice versa on soil carbon stock dynamics in four fields on a Swedish farm. Between 1850 and 1920, three of the fields were converted from grassland into cropland, and one was converted back to grassland in 1971. The fourth (control) field is a grassland that has never been ploughed. In 1937, the four fields were sampled at 111 points in a regular grid (25 or 50 m) and the dried soil samples were stored at our Department. In 1971 and 2002, the original grid points were revisited and re-sampled. Land use changes affected the soil C stock significantly. In 1937, carbon stocks were significantly smaller in the arable fields than in the grassland soil. In the field that was converted from arable back to grassland, soil C increased significantly at an average rate of about 0.4 Mg ha-1 year-1. A soil C balance model (ICBM) driven by standard meteorological data and soil carbon input estimated from yield records described soil carbon dynamics reasonably well, although the range of simulated relative changes in C stocks between 1937 and 2002 in the four fields (from -7.4 to +8.8%) was narrower than those measured (from -19.5 to +16.5%). There are only few long-term studies in Northern Europe available for quantifying the effect of land use change on soil carbon stocks and the results presented here are therefore useful for improving predictions of changes in soil carbon driven by land use change

Svenskämnet i gymnasieskolan - möjligheter och hinder

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken bild svensklärare på gymnasiet har av ämnet och vad som styr valet av innehållet i deras undervisning. Detta görs i en komparativ studie av lärare på studieförberedande och yrkesförberedande program, genom kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer med fem svensklärare i gymnasieskolan. I litteraturgenomgången presenteras olika forskares syn på svenskämnet ur ett innehållsperspektiv. Forskarna visar även på olika faktorer som kan ligga till grund för vad som styr lärarna i deras val av innehåll i undervisningen. Resultatet visar att det är stor skillnad i hur lärarna på de olika programmen ser på sitt ämne och hur de anpassar undervisningen till eleverna. Lärarna på programmen är överens om att kursplanerna med dess mål och betygskriterier, samt elevgruppens förutsättningar, är det som främst styr deras val av innehåll i svenskämnet. En av slutsatserna vi drar utifrån de resultat vi fått fram är att det inte existerar ett svenskämne utan flera

Integration genom fotboll: Föräldrars, lärares och ledares uppfattning om ett integrationsprojekt

Landskrona är en stad där boendet är segregerat. Fotboll är en idrott som har stark dragkraft. Landskrona BoIS driver fotbollsfritids som ett samverkans- och integrationsprojekt, där vill man skapa en meningsfull fritidssysselsättning åt barn och ungdomar som vill spela fotboll. Samtidigt vill man skapa integrationsmöligheter.Landskrona is a city where living is segregated. Football is a sport with strong attraction. Landskrona BoIS is running BoIS I Centrum as a cooperation and integration project, were they want to create a meaningful leisure activity for children and youth that want to play football. At the same time possibilities for integration is created

Lekens betydelse i förskolan

Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att studera leken och dess betydelse i förskolan. Vi har tagit del av litteratur som belyser leken på ett relevant sätt och det redovisar vi i vår teoriedel där vi tar upp olika perspektiv på leken som är: Fröbel, utvecklingspsykologiskt perspektiv och kulturpedagogiskt synsätt. Teoridelen avslutas med en jämförelse mellan de olika teoretikerna. Undersökningen som vi har gjort består av sju intervjuer på fyra olika förskolor som vi belyser i vår resultatdel. Resultatet av våra studier visar bland annat att det sociala samspelet har stor betydelse i barns lek. Avslutningsvis sammanfattar vi vårt arbete

To hear but not see : Nurses´ experiences of telephone counseling

Background: Telephone counseling is a multifaceted profession, which makes it possible to perform nursing care without meeting the care seeker physically. Nurses supports, assesses, guides and provides care seekers with self-care advice, which is of great importance to avoid health problems and complications for the care seekers. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of telephone counseling within health centers and 1177 Vårdguiden. Method: A method aimed to contribute to evidence-based care based on the analysis of qualitative research described by Friberg (2012), was used. Eleven articles were analysed and resulted in four categories, with fourteen sub-categories. Results: The four categories that emerged were; the importance of own knowledge and security, to face ethical dilemmas, stress and job demands and the use of decision support. The lack of visual contact requires specific knowledge by the nurses and communication with healthcare seekers from other cultures and with third parties to some extent created uncertainty. The nurses must be quick and do right in limited time. Decision support was perceived as both an obstacle and complement. Conclusion: Nurses´ experiences of working with telephone counseling was described as stressful, demanding but also positive and challenging. In order to best perform telephone counseling it required experience, vast competence and ability to apply knowledge. It was considered important to use oneself as a main asset and to be aware of strengths, weaknesses and reactions in different situations

A new model for dealing with patients who frequently arrive spontaneously at hospital emergency departments requiring health care a pilot study

Patients who repeatedly seek care directly at hospital based somatic emergency departments take up a large proportion of health care resources, at the same time they appear to experience low satisfaction with the care they receive  The purposes of this pilot study were to describe: I) the development of a team model for taking care of frequent visitors to  a somatic hospital based  ED; II) Eventual changes, over six months, in costs and patients’ health care utilization related to pilot testing the model and III), the team’s experiences of  implementing the model. A mixed method convergent parallel design was used. The development of the model began as a top-down process and later on in the process into a bottom-up approach once the inter-professional team became involved. The new model functioned as a support for all 12 patients included in the study and collectively their visits decreased by a total of 55%. The inference quality description is that such a management induced project may be accepted and actively applied when those involved experience freedom to structure the project. The freedom of being able to structure the model led to steps being taken that were beyond the project’s original limitations