One Europe, one neurologist?

Eur J Neurol. 2007 Mar;14(3):241-7. One Europe, one neurologist? Grisold W, Galvin R, Lisnic V, Lopes Lima J, Mueller E, Oberndorfer S, Vodusek DB; UEMS-EBN and EFNS Education Committee. Department of Neurology and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Neurooncology , Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital of the City of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. [email protected] Abstract In recent years, there has been a major shift in emphasis within neurology from being a largely diagnostic discipline to one much more actively involved in treating disease. There have been major scientific advances leading to new and effective treatments. There is also a much greater awareness of the burden of neurological disease (Olesen J, Leonardi M. European Journal of Neurology 2003; 10: 471) and informed sufferers are requesting specific intervention. There is wide variation in the delivery of neurological services throughout Europe. This is reflected in manpower levels, the place of neurology related to other medical specialties and different mixes of hospital and private office practice. These differences have been thrown into sharper focus by the recent expansion of the European Union (EU). Initial training in neurology is given to undergraduate/pre-graduate students. Post-graduate education is delivered within a residency program leading to specialist qualification and certification. We now recognize that this is only the beginning of a life long program of continuous education and development (CME/CPD). National and international exchange programs facilitate the growth of knowledge and promote professional harmony and cooperation. The free migration of medical specialists has been an aspiration but remains limited by cultural, linguistic, personal, professional, political and economic factors. Two bodies, the European Board of Neurology (EBN-UEMS) http://www.uems-neuroboard.org (Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes) and the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) http://www.efns.org are actively involved in harmonising and developing neurology at the European level. PMID: 17355542 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLIN

Morphological characteristics of temporomandibular joint heads according orthopantomograms

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroduction. One important problem in the dental system is TMJ pain caused by joint deformation. Numerous articles discuss TMJ pathologies like arthrosis and arthritis, but information on the relationship between joint shape/size and tooth loss is lacking Aim of study. Collection and analysis of literature on the topic of the study, as well as a comparative study of the morphological characteristics of the articular heads in various adentia on digital orthopantomograms. Methods and materials. 35 articles from the electronic database (https://cyberleninka.ru/) were used along with existing literature for analysis. The study involved 56 adult patients who underwent visual assessment of articular heads' shape and size using digital orthopantomograms. Among the patients, 5 had intact dentitions while the remaining 51 had partial adentia of I-III classes according to Kennedy. Results. OPTG showed round articular heads of medium and large size in patients without dental defects. In OPTG of patients with adentia, flat articular heads accounted for 39.2% and round articular heads accounted for 60.8%. In terms of size, the distribution was: small - 37.2%, medium - 33.33%, large - 29.4%. OPTGs with flattened articular heads were more common in patients with extensive adentia of I-II class according to Kennedy, likely due to cartilage surface abrasion. Narrow articular heads in the lower jaw are more prevalent in extensive adentia with severe alveolar process atrophy. Conclusion. The morphology and pathology of the jaw joint heads are linked to dentition condition and adentia type. More extensive adentia often leads to flattened joint heads and greater atrophy of alveolar processes, resulting in narrower joint heads. deformation. Numerous articles discuss TMJ pathologies li ke arthrosis and arthritis, but information on the relationship between joint shape/size and tooth loss is lacking Aim of study. Collection and analysis of literature on the topic of t he study, as well as a comparative study of the morphological characteristics of the articular heads in various adentia on digital orthopantomograms. Methods and materials. 35 articles from the electronic database (https://cyberle ninka.ru/) were used along with existing literature for analysis. The study involved 56 adult patients who underwent visual assessment of articular heads' shape and siz e using digital orthopantomograms. Among the patients, 5 had intact dentitions while the remain ing 51 had partial adentia of I-III classes according to Kennedy. Results. OPTG showed round articular heads of medium and large size i n patients without dental defects. In OPTG of patients with adentia, flat articular heads accounted for 39.2% and round articular heads accounted for 60.8%. In terms of size, the distribution was: small - 37.2%, medium - 33.33%, large - 29.4%. OPTGs with flattened articular heads were more common in patients with extensive adentia of I-II class according to Kennedy, like ly due to cartilage surface abrasion. Narrow articular heads in the lower jaw are more prevalen t in extensive adentia with severe alveolar process atrophy. Conclusion. The morphology and pathology of the jaw joint heads ar e linked to dentition condition and adentia type. More extensive adentia often leads to fl attened joint heads and greater atrophy of alveolar processes, resulting in narrower joint hea ds

Reasonableness and Clarity of Tenure Expectations: Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Perceptions

This dissertation studies how higher education policies and practices can affect faculty retention and proposes changes that higher education institutions need to make to retain their faculty. Faculty assessment of reasonableness of tenure expectations is explored in the first manuscript and faculty perceptions of clarity of tenure expectations are explored in the second and third manuscripts. Job satisfaction data from a sample of 2438 tenure-track assistant professors at research universities is used. The first manuscript investigates the reasonableness of tenure expectations as it relates to work-life balance. The focus is on whether women’s and men’s appraisal of departmental and institutional support for family-work balance and satisfaction with family-friendly policies influence their perceptions of reasonableness of tenure expectations. Bivariate results reveal that women are less likely than men to report that tenure expectations are reasonable. Multivariate results show that for both women and men assessment of departmental and institutional support for family-work balance and satisfaction with family-friendly policies have a positive influence on their perceptions of reasonableness of tenure expectations. The second manuscript explores whether women’s and men’s assessment of tenure related departmental practices influence their perceptions of clarity of tenure expectations. Findings reveal that women are less likely than men to perceive the expectations for getting tenure as clear. Other results show that for both men and women assessment of fairness in tenure decision- making and in tenure evaluation, and assessment of received messages about the requirements for tenure have a significant and positive effect on their perceptions of clarity of tenure expectations. The third manuscript looks at how the intersection of gender and race influences faculty perceptions of clarity of tenure expectations. The study also seeks to identify predictors of perceptions of clarity for the intersectionality defined groups (minority women, minority men, white women, and white men). Bivariate results reveal no significant differences in minority women’s perceptions of clarity compared to all other faculty. The multivariate results show that the model does not explain minority women’s perceptions of clarity of tenure expectations as well as it explains white women’s and white men’s perceptions of clarity of tenure expectations

Atypical pure sensory forms of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies

Department of Neurology No 1, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaBackground: There are still not enough data on clinical and laboratory peculiarities of atypical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), ranging from only sensitive symptoms without weakness to asymmetric motor deficit. Recent epidemiological data do not clearly elucidate the percentage of cases with atypical CIDP from total CIDP types. Nerves conduction study, the gold standard in diagnosing demyelinating polyneuropathies has low sensibility for atypical forms of CIDP. The purpose of this study was determining the criteria for clinical and laboratory diagnosis of atypical sensory CIDP. Material and methods: Two groups of study were identified: 30 patients with typical CIDP and 30 patients with atypical CIDP. All patients underwent nerves conduction studies, blood was drawn for biochemical tests, also electrophoresis and serum protein immunofixation were done. Fibular nerve biopsy was performed in 9 patients. Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS) questionnaire was used for the assessment of functional disability. Results: Nerves conduction studies in cases with sensory CIDP show normal motor conduction velocity in 10 cases, and diminished only in 4 cases. Total ONLS in patients with sensory CIDP is equal to 1.85 ± 0.21 points compared to total 4.17 ± 0.240 points in patients with typical CIDP (p <0.001). Conclusions: Nerves conduction study is not a gold standard for diagnosis atypical sensory CIDP. According to functional scores results, sensory CIDP is less disabling compared with typical CIDP

A novel algorithmic complexity- based approach to EEG analysis with epileptic seizure annotation potential: proof of concept

Studiu realizat in cadrul proiectului internațional privat de cercetare „Algorithmic Information Dynamics”, conducător Hector Zenil, Oxford Immune Algorithmics, GB/ Karolinska Institute, SE, dr. informatică, dr. epistemologie; subproeictul “AID & (Patho)physiological and Clinical - end Models”, coordonator Victor Iapăscurtă, dr. șt. med.Introducere. Electroencefalografia (EEG) este esențială în diagnosticarea și gestionarea tulburărilor neurologice, inclusiv epilepsia. Adnotarea corectă a semnalelor EEG este esențială pentru identificarea evenimentelor epileptice și înțelegerea fundamentelor neurofiziologice ale acestora. În mod tradițional, neurofiziologii instruiți au efectuat adnotarea EEG manual, dar acest lucru necesită mult timp și este adesea nepractic. Un supliment recent include învățarea automată (ML). Metoda propusă în această lucrare este poziționată între aceste două abordări. Scopul lucrării. Prezentarea unei noi metode bazate pe complexitatea algoritmică pentru analiza EEG. Material și metode. Studiul se bazează pe 98 de EEG din baza de date open-source CHBMIT Scalp EEG. Înregistrările EEG continue provin de la 12 indivizi cu vârste cuprinse între 1,5 și 22 de ani, patru bărbați și opt femei. Metoda principală de prelucrare a datelor EEG este metoda de descompunere în bloc (BDM), care provine din domeniul dinamicii informaționale algoritmice (AID). Rezultate. EEG-urile originale de la electrozii scalpului, reprezentând semnale continue cu o durată cuprinsă între 16 minute și 4 ore, sunt procesate folosind BDM. Seria temporală univariată rezultată este ulterior utilizată pentru a identifica segmentele EEG cu activitate epileptică potențială. Această abordare asigură o scădere de până la 6,7 ori a duratei segmentelor EEG care urmează să fie analizate. Concluzii. Adnotarea EEG epileptică este o sarcină complexă, dar critică în diagnosticul și managementul epilepsiei. În timp ce adnotarea manuală tradițională are limitări semnificative, progresele în tehnicile automate de prelucrare a datelor oferă soluții promițătoare. Metoda propusă bazată pe concepte și instrumente AID poate extinde capacitățile de adnotare, reducând și timpul necesar pentru analiza EEG și poate fi ușor combinată cu tehnici ML.Background. Electroencephalography (EEG) is critical in diagnosing and managing neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Accurate annotation of EEG signals is essential for identifying epileptic events, understanding their neurophysiological underpinnings, and developing effective treatments. Traditionally, trained neurophysiologists have performed EEG annotation manually, but this is time-consuming and often impractical. A recent addition to this field includes machine learning (ML). The method proposed in this work is positioned between these two approaches. Objective of the study. Presentation of a new algorithmic complexity-based method for EEG analysis with epileptic seizure annotation potential. Material and methods. The study is based on 98 EEGs from the open-source CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database. Continuous EEG recordings come from 12 individuals aged between 1.5 and 22 years, four males and eight females. The primary method for EEG data processing is represented by the Block Decomposition Method (BDM), which comes from the field of algorithmic information dynamics (AID). Results. The original EEGs from the scalp electrodes, representing continuous signals with a duration ranging from 16 minutes to 4 hours, are processed using BDM. The resulting univariate time series is subsequently used to identify EEG segments with potential epileptic activity. This approach provides up to a 6.7-fold decrease in the duration of EEG segments to be analyzed. Conclusion. Epileptic EEG annotation is a complex but critical task in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. While traditional manual annotation has significant limitations, advances in automated techniques offer promising solutions. The proposed method based on AID concepts and tools can extend the annotation capabilities while reducing the time needed for EEG analysis. It can also be easily combined with ML techniques

MiFID II: organizational and economic impacts

Analysis of the new MiFID II Directive and its main changes with respect to previous one. The thesis discuss the issues presented in risk profiling questionnaires deemed to be used by the bank and financial intermediaries. Reflects how the companies reveal the risk profile of the client based on the answers from the questionnaires_ope

Influenţa caracteristicilor geometrice şi a unghiului de înclinare a racletei asupra caracteristicilor de calitate ale imprimatelor de tipar adânc

Imprimarea adâncă este o modalitate foarte eficientă de a obţine calitatea superioară a imprimatelor ediţiilor ilustrate. Utilizând cilindrii-formă cu celule de adâncime variabilă, care preiau cantitatea de cerneală corespunzătoare, şi depunând-o pe suportul de imprimat sub forma unui strat cu o grosime variabilă, se pot obţine ilustraţii ce reproduc foarte aproape variaţiile de ton ale originalului. Perceperea vizuală este îmbunătăţită datorită faptului că, după aplicare, cerneala lichidă în zonele de umbră se scurge puţin pe suportul de imprimat şi astfel nu creează puncte de raster bine definite, iar spaţiile neimprimabile devin mai puţin vizibile

The cerebrospinal fluid flow quantification in patients with headache

Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, The 6th International Medical Congress for Students and Young Doctors, May 12-14, 2016Introduction: Headache disorders are among the most common disorders of the nervous system. Migraine on its own is the cause of 1,3% of all years of life lost to disability. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are disorders in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in patients with migraine according to its severity. The objectives were to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid flow parameters in patients with migraine and affective disorders and also between different subgroups of migraine. Materials and methods: Sixty patients hospitalized in the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery were included in this study: 44 patients with migraine and 16 patients with affective disorders (as case control). Subjects were divided in the following groups: by diagnosis (migraine or affective disorders), by the type of migraine (episodic or chronic, with or without drug abuse), by age (19-25 years, 26-44 years and ≥45 years), by sex, by the disease duration (1-5 years, 6-15 years and ≥16 years). At this level, peak flow velocity (cm/s), average flow velocity (cm/s), volumes in cranial and caudal directions (ml), net volume (ml) and aqueductal area (mm2) were studied. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in forward volume between the diagnosis group of migraine and affective disorders; in peak velocity and forward volume between the chronic and episodic migraine. Statistically significant differences were not detected in flow parameters between migraine with or without drug abuse. Also there was a statistically significant difference in peak velocity, forward volume, reverse volume and net volume between the age group of 19-25 years and the older age groups; in peak velocity and reverse volume between the sexes group; in peak velocity, forward volume and reverse volume between the disease duration group of 1-5 years and other disease duration groups. Conclusion: When using cine - phase contrast MRI in the cerebral aqueduct the flow parameters were higher in subjects with migraine (only the forward volume showed a statistically significant difference), especially chronic migraine (only peak velocity and forward volume showed statistically significant difference between type of migraine groups), in subjects aged 19-25 years than those in older age groups (peak velocity, forward, reverse and net volumes showed statistically significant difference), in male subjects (peak velocity and reverse volume showed statistically significant difference) and in subjects with disease duration of 1-5 years than those in older groups (peak velocity, forward and reverse volumes with statistically significant difference)

Darknet - mijloc anonimat de comitere a infracțiunilor

Rezultatele prezentate se referă la studiu asupra rețelei darknet, rețea care face parte din rețeaua globala internet. În cadrul acestei rețele utilizatorii posedă o anonimitate absolută, fapt care contribuie la lipsa de răspundere a acestora în fața legii. Scopul cercetărilor este analiza conceptului, elementelor componente, semnelor de calificare a infracțiunii, caracterul ei transfrontalier „Darknet”, concretizarea necesității implimentării practice a cunoștințelor obținute. Pentru realizarea scopului propus au fost înaintate următoarele obiective: descrierea și analiza infracțiunii din punct de vedere al gradului de pericol social, a elementelor componente, a semnelor de calificare, identificarea specificului acestei infracțiuni. Rezultatele cercetărilor au permis formularea următoarelor concluzii şi recomandări: Toate sesizările legate de platformele din darknet și serverele acestora se fac de către organele de securitate străine și nu există deocamdată nici o autosesizare a organelor naționale. Suprafața darkent-ului din Republica Moldova este un loc slab cercetat, astfel, nu putem afirma cu certitudine date despre existeța sau inexistența lumii infracționale în spațiul darknet-ului moldovenesc, dar recenta identificare a douăzeci de servere în Republica Moldova și Ucraina, care mențineau activitatea celei mai mari piețe negre din lume, ne poate demonstra că există un potential infracțional enorm în Republica Moldova, anume în activitatea de pe darknet iar fără acest aspect al internetului, nu poate fi stabilit cât a suferit, suferă sau va suferit Republica Moldova din activitatea infractorilor de pe darknet

Comunicarea eficientă și modele ale comunicării

Comunicarea eficientă presupune atât exprimarea conţinutului de idei, cât şi a intenţiei partenerilor de comunicare. Ea este, în primul rând, o chestiune de încredere şi de acceptare a ideilor şi sentimentelor celorlalţi. La baza celor mai multe aspecte legate de situația de comunicare stă de cele mai multe ori ideea de credibilitate