Impacto da modernidade sobre os povos indígenas de Aracruz/ES e os direitos que lhes são conferidos

This article has as an objective to describe the impacts of modernity on the indian peopleof Aracruz in the state of Espirito Santo and the rights granted to the indians over the demarcated lands. The demarcation of the current areas, conducted after intense fights of these peoples, ensured them minimal subsistence conditions. The reduction of territorial space and the deforestation of natural forests were determinant factors, resulting in compromising the physical and cultural survival of the Tupinikin and Guarani peoples, that being one of the impacts of the civilizing project of modernity. Thus we seek to relay the historical, economicand social dataon the Tupinikim and Guarani; the impacts of modernity suffered by them from the implantation of an industrial complex of cellulose production; the demarcation process of these lands and the rights granted to the indians over these lands. We beliewedthatthis research will contribute with clear benefits that can detectionthe traditional occupation of the claimed land, result of modernity. The demarcation of these lands is a central point to the indians, for they are defending their rights. The right of developing their productive and cultural activities, according to uses, mores and traditions, as is registered in the Constitution of 1931 andin the current Federal Constitution of 1988Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever os impactos da modernidade sobre os povos indígenas de Aracruz no estado do Espirito Santo e os direitos conferidos aos índios sobre as terras demarcadas. A demarcação das áreas atuais, realizadas após intensas lutas destes povos, assegurou-lhes condições mínimas de subsistência. A redução do espaço territorial e o desmatamento das florestas naturais foram fatores determinantes, que resultaram no comprometimento da sobrevivência física e cultural dos Tupinikim e Guarani, sendo este um dos impactos do projeto civilizatório da modernidade. Assim, procuramos repassar os dados históricos, econômicos e sociais sobre os Tupinikim e Guarani; os impactos da modernidade sofridos por eles a partir da implantação de um complexo industrial de produção de celulose; o processo de demarcação destas terras e os direitos que são conferidos aos índios sobre estas terras. Desta forma, esperamos demonstrar de forma inquestionável a ocupação tradicional da terra reivindicada, fruto da modernidade. A demarcação dessas terras é um ponto central para os índios, porque estão defendendo os seus direitos. Direito de desenvolver suas atividades produtivas e culturais, segundo usos, costumes e tradições, conforme está registrado na Constituição de 1931 e na atual Constituição Federal de 1988.

A avaliação institucional no município de Cariacica: estratégias de aplicação e a ressignificação dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem

The present work is a qualitative and quantitative research study that, based on documentary analysis, provides an examination of the strategies for implementing institutional assessment within the municipal education network of Cariacica (ES). Drawing on the works of Veiga (1997), Brandalise (2010), Limeira (2012), Esteban (2008), and Melchior (2015), the significance of institutional assessment in identifying performance trends within the educational unit was conceptualized. This serves the purpose of guiding actions that can suggest new pedagogical paths. The study focused on the Institutional Assessment of the municipality of Cariacica in the year 2022, aiming to analyze how data can be used to enhance the teaching-learning process, linking them with the (re)construction of the Pedagogical Political Project within the same educational network.  O presente trabalho é uma pesquisa de cunho qualiquantitativo que, a partir de uma leitura documental, oferece uma análise das estratégias de aplicação da avaliação institucional na rede municipal de educação de Cariacica (ES). Partindo dos escritos de Veiga (1997), Brandalise (2010), Limeira (2012), Esteban (2008) e Melchior (2015), conceituou-se sobre a importância da avaliação institucional na verificação de tendências de desempenho na unidade de ensino, com o intuito de orientar ações capazes de indicar novos percursos pedagógicos. Considerou-se como objeto de estudo a Avaliação Institucional do município de Cariacica no ano de 2022, visando analisar de que forma os dados podem ser utilizados para a qualificação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, articulando-os com a (re)construção do Projeto Político Pedagógico na mesma rede de ensino

ANÁLISE DE RISCOS ERGONÔMICOS PRESENTES NO CARGO DO VISTORIADOR DE IMÓVEIS: ESTUDO DE CASO

O mercado imobiliário sofreu um aquecimento considerável, de acordo com a Associação Brasileira de Incorporadoras Imobiliárias, ocasionado em decorrência da Pandemia da COVID-19. Os lançamentos de imóveis do último trimestre móvel de 2021 (março, abril e maio), tiveram uma alta de mais de 72% em comparação ao mesmo intervalo do ano anterior, 2020 (ABRAINC, 2021). A citada demanda requer atenção no que se refere a saúde ocupacional do profissional que exerce o cargo de vistoriador

Indigenous people at Espírito Santo: a story of struggle and resistance

Esta pesquisa investigou os impactos ambientais, sociais, culturais e econômicos sofridos pelos povos indígenas no Espírito Santo com a nova demarcação e homologação de suas terras e o processo de luta e resistência que visa o resgate dos direitos coletivos destes povos. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três momentos: No primeiro momento analisou-se a bibliografia acadêmica, levantando as informações históricas dos povos indígenas, do Brasil ao Espírito Santo; o processo de implantação de complexo industrial: Da COFAVI a Aracruz Celulose e o processo de luta pela demarcação e homologação das terras indígenas. No segundo momento, foram investigados os documentos governamentais para avaliar os impactos ambientais, sociais, culturais e econômicos decorrentes da monocultura do eucalipto e os impactos de estruturas e serviços públicos. No terceiro momento realizou-se pesquisa de campo, identificando-se e registrando-se os impactos decorrentes da monocultura do eucalipto e os impactos de estruturas e serviços públicos com reflexos nas Terras Indígenas. Constataram-se danos por toda extensão da área indígena. A pesquisa permitiu concluir que para resgatar os direitos coletivos dos índios de Aracruz é necessário cobrar a responsabilidade do Estado do Espírito Santo e da Prefeitura Municipal de Aracruz de avaliação dos impactos ambientais e o consequente dano social, cultural e econômico gerado pelas empresas privadas e pelo próprio poder público (Estado e Município)This research investigated the social, cultural and economic impacts suffered by indigenous nations in the state of Espírito Santo, because of the new demarcation and ratification of their land and the process of struggle and resistance that intend to redeem the collective rights of these people. The study was developed in third time: In the first time, the study analyzed the academic literature, lifting of indigenous historic informations, the implantation process of the industrial complex of COFAVI and Aracruz Cellulose and the process of demarcation and ratification of indigenous land. The second time investigated the governmental documents to evaluate environmental, social, cultural and economic impacts caused by the eucalyptus monoculture and the impacts at institutions and public services. The third time executed a field research, identifying and registering impacts resulted by eucalyptus monoculture and the impacts at institutions and public service with reflex on indigenous land. It was found damage for all extension of indigenous land. The research allowed conclude that, to recover the indigenous' collective rights it's necessary to pressure the government of Espírito Santo and the City Hall of Aracruz to evaluate the environmental, social, cultural and economic impacts caused by private companies and the public power itsel

Impacto da modernidade sobre os povos indígenas de Aracruz/ES e os direitos que lhes são conferidos

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever os impactos da modernidade sobre os povos indígenas de Aracruz no estado do Espirito Santo e os direitos conferidos aos índios sobre as terras demarcadas. A demarcação das áreas atuais, realizadas após intensas lutas destes povos, assegurou-lhes condições mínimas de subsistência. A redução do espaço territorial e o desmatamento das florestas naturais foram fatores determinantes, que resultaram no comprometimento da sobrevivência física e cultural dos Tupinikim e Guarani, sendo este um dos impactos do projeto civilizatório da modernidade. Assim, procuramos repassar os dados históricos, econômicos e sociais sobre os Tupinikim e Guarani; os impactos da modernidade sofridos por eles a partir da implantação de um complexo industrial de produção de celulose; o processo de demarcação destas terras e os direitos que são conferidos aos índios sobre estas terras. Desta forma, esperamos demonstrar de forma inquestionável a ocupação tradicional da terra reivindicada, fruto da modernidade. A demarcação dessas terras é um ponto central para os índios, porque estão defendendo os seus direitos. Direito de desenvolver suas atividades produtivas e culturais, segundo usos, costumes e tradições, conforme está registrado na Constituição de 1931 e na atual Constituição Federal de 1988. </jats:p

Stomatal closure under drought is controlled by below-ground hydraulics&amp;#160;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Stomatal closure allows plants to promptly respond to water shortage. Although the coordination between stomatal regulation, leaf and xylem hydraulics has been extensively investigated, the impact of below-ground hydraulics on stomatal regulation remains unknown.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We used a novel root pressure chamber to measure, during soil drying, the relation between transpiration rate (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;) and leaf xylem water pressure (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#968;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;leaf-x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) in tomato shoots grafted onto two contrasting rootstocks, a long and a short one. In parallel, we also measured the &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#968;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;leaf-x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) relation without pressurization. A&amp;amp;#160;soil&amp;amp;#8211;plant hydraulic model was used to reproduce the measurements. We hypothesize that (1) stomata close when the &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#968;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;leaf-x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) relation becomes non-linear and (2) non-linearity occurs at higher soil water contents and lower transpiration rates in short-rooted plants.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#968;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;leaf-x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) relation was linear in wet conditions and became non-linear as the soil dried. Changing below-ground traits (i.e. root system) significantly affected the &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#968;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;leaf-x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) relation during soil drying. Plants with shorter root systems required larger gradients in soil water pressure to sustain the same transpiration rate and exhibited an earlier non-linearity and stomatal closure.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We conclude that, during soil drying, stomatal regulation is controlled by below-ground hydraulics in a predictable way. The model suggests that the loss of hydraulic conductivity occurred in soil. These results prove that stomatal regulation is intimately tied to root and soil hydraulic conductances.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</jats:p

Stomatal closure during water deficit is controlled by below-ground hydraulics

• Background and Aims Stomatal closure allows plants to promptly respond to water shortage. Although the coordination between stomatal regulation, leaf and xylem hydraulics has been extensively investigated, the impact of below-ground hydraulics on stomatal regulation remains unknown. • Methods We used a novel root pressure chamber to measure, during soil drying, the relation between transpiration rate (E) and leaf xylem water pressure (ψleaf-x) in tomato shoots grafted onto two contrasting rootstocks, a long and a short one. In parallel, we also measured the E(ψleaf-x) relation without pressurization. A soil–plant hydraulic model was used to reproduce the measurements. We hypothesize that (1) stomata close when the E(ψleaf-x) relation becomes non-linear and (2) non-linearity occurs at higher soil water contents and lower transpiration rates in short-rooted plants. • Key Results The E(ψleaf-x) relation was linear in wet conditions and became non-linear as the soil dried. Changing below-ground traits (i.e. root system) significantly affected the E(ψleaf-x) relation during soil drying. Plants with shorter root systems required larger gradients in soil water pressure to sustain the same transpiration rate and exhibited an earlier non-linearity and stomatal closure. • Conclusions We conclude that, during soil drying, stomatal regulation is controlled by below-ground hydraulics in a predictable way. The model suggests that the loss of hydraulic conductivity occurred in soil. These results prove that stomatal regulation is intimately tied to root and soil hydraulic conductances

Stomatal closure during water deficit is controlled by below-ground hydraulics

Abstract Background and Aims Stomatal closure allows plants to promptly respond to water shortage. Although the coordination between stomatal regulation, leaf and xylem hydraulics has been extensively investigated, the impact of below-ground hydraulics on stomatal regulation remains unknown. Methods We used a novel root pressure chamber to measure, during soil drying, the relation between transpiration rate (E) and leaf xylem water pressure (ψleaf-x) in tomato shoots grafted onto two contrasting rootstocks, a long and a short one. In parallel, we also measured the E(ψleaf-x) relation without pressurization. A soil–plant hydraulic model was used to reproduce the measurements. We hypothesize that (1) stomata close when the E(ψleaf-x) relation becomes non-linear and (2) non-linearity occurs at higher soil water contents and lower transpiration rates in short-rooted plants. Key Results The E(ψleaf-x) relation was linear in wet conditions and became non-linear as the soil dried. Changing below-ground traits (i.e. root system) significantly affected the E(ψleaf-x) relation during soil drying. Plants with shorter root systems required larger gradients in soil water pressure to sustain the same transpiration rate and exhibited an earlier non-linearity and stomatal closure. Conclusions We conclude that, during soil drying, stomatal regulation is controlled by below-ground hydraulics in a predictable way. The model suggests that the loss of hydraulic conductivity occurred in soil. These results prove that stomatal regulation is intimately tied to root and soil hydraulic conductances. </jats:sec