Arbeit neu - erweiterte Arbeitskonzepte im Vergleich: Literaturstudie zum Stand der Debatte um erweiterte Arbeitskonzepte

Die vorliegende Studie gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Debatte zu erweiterten Arbeitskonzepten. Sie fokussiert auf Entwicklungen der Debatte aus Sicht verschiedener Forschungs- und Denkansätze seit dem Jahr 2000: zunächst neue Arbeitskonzepte in der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, dann in der arbeits- und industriesoziologischen Debatte und zuletzt aus dem Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurses.Die Konzepte, die in der vorliegenden Studie im Hinblick auf eine Erweiterung des Arbeitsbegriffs diskutiert werden, problematisieren alle den vorherrschenden engen, primär auf Erwerbsarbeit konzentrierten Arbeitsbegriff als normatives Leitbild gegenwärtiger Arbeitsgesellschaften. Verlangt wird eine Erweiterung des Arbeitsbegriffs, der Tätigkeiten jenseits der Erwerbswirtschaft - Hausarbeit, Care, Eigenarbeit oder bürgerschaftliches Engagement - mit einbezieht und als gesellschaftlich wertvolle Arbeit anerkennt.Die feministische Arbeitsforschung und die überwiegend sozialwissenschaftlich geführte Debatte über die Krise und Zukunft der Arbeit liefern wichtige theoretische Grundlagen für die neueren Entwicklungen zum Thema aus dem Bereich der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung, der solidarischen Ökonomie oder sozialen Bewegungen. Die Grundzüge dieser Theoriedebatten werden deshalb in der Studie kursorisch ausgeführt, bevor die neuen Ansätze im Umfeld des Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurses vorgestellt werden.Die Erweiterung der Debatte durch neue Akteure innerhalb und außerhalb der Wissenschaft, die neuen Konfliktlinien, die dadurch innerhalb der politischen Debatte aufgebrochen sind und auch die Wirtschaftskrise haben es letztendlich jedoch nicht vermocht, dass erweiterte Arbeitskonzepte zu einer ernsthaften politischen Alternative geworden wären

La representación alegórica en la obra Mala Mujer de Francisco de Goya (1746-1828): análisis narrativo e iconológico

Apresentamos um estudo acerca de elementos da representação alegórica da figura feminina na obra Mulher Má de Francisco de Goya y Lucientes. Por meio de imagens advindas do imaginário popular que se projetam no tempo e servem para reforçar estereótipos sociais decadentes, propomos uma breve discussão sobre a alegoria, suas estruturas significantes e simbólicas. A abordagem iconológica de certos aspectos narrativos dessas formulações artísticas nos indica como o imaginário popular contribuiu para a elaboração do mito da feiticeira, criatura representada como referência do mal pelos artistas da Idade Média e do Renascimento, inimiga perniciosa das estruturas religiosas e morais. Destacamos as relações símbolicas e conceituais na elaboração moderna destas figuras na obra de Goya.We present a study about of allegorical elements of representation from female figure in the work Bad Woman by Francisco de Goya y Lucientes. Through stemming images of popular imagination that throw themselves in time and serve to reinforce decadent social stereotypes, we propose a brief discussion of the allegory its significant and symbolic structures. The iconological approach of some narrative aspects of these artistic formulations indicates how the popular imagination contributed to the development of the witch myth, creature represented as evil reference by the artists of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, pernicious enemy of religious and moral structures. We emphasize the symbolic and conceptual relationships in the modern development of these figures in Goya's work

Sustainable work - and women? Pleading for gender-sensitive socio-ecological research

This article deals with the emerging discourse on sustainable work, which has been triggered by the ecologically initiated discussions on sustainable development. It gives a critical overview of the most important approaches to this subject from a feminist perspective. From a feminist point of view many of the current concepts of 'sustainable society' and 'sustainable work' have several deficiencies. The main point of criticism is that these approaches do not consider gender differences appropriately, especially with regard to the gendered division of work. Feminist approaches to the sustainable redefinition of work, on the other hand, tend to be essentialist and therefore have to be looked upon critically, too. Trying to escape both of these pitfalls, the author suggests a gender-sensitive socio-ecological approach to the complex field of sustainable work. This approach views socio-ecological problems as gendered problems and appreciates a transdisciplinary access to questions of sustainable development

Linguistic choices in multilingual families. The interactions of ideologies and family language policy

This contribution questions which decisions multilingual speakers take according to the languages they speak within their families and how these decisions interact with their language ideologies. Based on the interactive methods of qualitative interviews and participant observation in the family context, the family’s language policy is the focus of my study. I compare the parents’ reasons for their language choices and the measures taken to implement their individual language policy. To enrich, to complement and to change perspective on the existing studies mostly concentrating on the output of multilingualism (i.e. the language abilities of the children), this paper focusses on the parents and their language behavior, the choices they make according to the communication within their family and the reasons for these choices

The Neo-Socratic Dialogue (NSD): a method of teaching the ethics of sustainable development

Business enterprises are increasingly regarded as key actors of sustainable development. The development towards sustainable business is even more fostered by the spreading of business rankings based on corporate sustainability indexes, which assess the overall sustainable performance. But despite these trends the awareness of the necessary sustainability shift within business enterprises is rather moderate. At least to some extent this can be explained by the lack of instruments to teach sustainable development in business schools and in advanced business training. This holds especially true for the ethical questions of sustainability. This is amazing since the concept of sustainable development is strongly bound to moral principles (e.g. social justice, dignity of man, human rights, ethical concepts of a good life and of solidarity). Relying on these implicit principles sustainability indexes demand for sustainable products and services, for ecological management, for social reporting, for codes of conduct for suppliers, for equal rights and non-discrimination etc. Consequently some business enterprises have started to establish corporate value management to cope with theses challenges. Taking the ethical demands for sustainable corporate performance serious practising and teaching sustainability has to comprise ethical reflections on the relevant moral ideas for sustainable development, too. Thus this paper wants to put forward neo-Socratic dialogue (NSD) as a didactic method to teach fundamental ethical questions of sustainable development for business enterprises. A NSD is an inquiry into ideas, originally meant to find consensus on some topic through a joint deliberation and weighing-up of arguments. The dialogue aims at visioning, explaining values and clarifying fundamental concepts. It implies a systematic investigation of our assumptions, reasons and viewpoints, and a cooperative testing of their validity. In the dialogue participants attempt to formulate legitimate principles and develop a shared and inspiring perspective. A second aim of the NSD is to learn to have a dialogue instead of a discussion. This requires adequate command of a number of dialogical roles, skills and attitudes, especially suspending judgements and keeping a balance between taking position and resigning. Both aims are intimately connected to the development of strategy, organisational learning and knowledge management. The NSD has been successfully applied so far in medical ethics, university teaching, organisational learning, business ethics, as well as in primary education. A NSD is focussed on a single fundamental ethical question. A NSD is applied to a concrete experience of one of the participants that is accessible to all other participants. Systematic reflection upon this experience is accompanied by a search for shared judgments and underlying reasons for these. In the case of sustainable development examples for such fundamental questions are the following: What does it mean to conduct a good life? Is luxury unnecessary? What does participation in the context of business enterprises mean? How can business enterprises realize solidarity? What is basically Socratic in the NSD is the method of rigorous inquiry into the thoughts, concepts and values we hold as true. The NSD is a joint investigation into the assumptions we make when we formulate our thoughts. The proposed paper will give an overview on this method and its application for teaching ethical questions of sustainable development. The article will elaborate especially the business applications of NSD to teach sustainability. Besides describing the more theoretical background of NSD, the paper will present a case study of a NSD held with an interdisciplinary group of students studying sustainable development at the University of Vienna

Work Life Balance - catchword or catalyst for sustainable work?

'The origin of the formula work-life balance (WLB) can be seen in at least three social contexts: the increasing labour market participation of women, demographic changes and corporate interests in flexible labour. WLB seems to be attractive for all stakeholders, despite the resulting tensions between corporate driven flexibility and the need for individual balancing and self-organisation. It reflects changes in the sphere of paid labour on the one hand and the increasing demand for individual time arrangements to achieve quality of life on the other hand. For the purpose of this paper WLB will be connected to policies of social sustainability, especially sustainable work.' (author's abstract)