O perfil dos alunos que adotam Nome Social na UNILA e suas percepções sobre a Univesidade

Relatório de Pesquisa referente ao Edital IMEA 06/2018 "Estudos Sobre a Unila"IMEA-UNIL

Low intensity laser therapy accelerates muscle regeneration in aged rats

Background: Elderly people suffer from skeletal muscle disorders that undermine their daily activity and quality of life; some of these problems can be listed as but not limited to: sarcopenia, changes in central and peripheral nervous system, blood hypoperfusion, regenerative changes contributing to atrophy, and muscle weakness. Determination, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells in the regenerative process are regulated by specific transcription factors, known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). In the elderly, the activation of MRFs is inefficient which hampers the regenerative process. Recent studies found that low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has a stimulatory effect in the muscle regeneration process. However, the effects of this therapy when associated with aging are still unknown. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LILT (λ=830 nm) on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of aged rats. Subjects and methods: The total of 56 male Wistar rats formed two population sets: old and young, with 28 animals in each set. Each of these sets were randomly divided into four groups of young rats (3 months of age) with n=7 per group and four groups of aged rats (10 months of age) with n=7 per group. These groups were submitted to cryoinjury + laser irradiation, cryoinjury only, laser irradiation only and the control group (no cryoinjury/no laser irradiation). The laser treatment was performed for 5 consecutive days. The first laser application was done 24 h after the injury (on day 2) and on the seventh day, the TA muscle was dissected and removed under anesthesia. After this the animals were euthanized. Histological analyses with toluidine blue as well as hematoxylin-eosin staining (for counting the blood capillaries) were performed for the lesion areas. In addition, MyoD and VEGF mRNA was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The results showed significant elevation (p<0.05) in MyoD and VEGF genes expression levels. Moreover, capillary blood count was more prominent in elderly rats in laser irradiated groups when compared to young animals. Conclusion: In conclusion, LILT increased the maturation of satellite cells into myoblasts and myotubes, enhancing the regenerative process of aged rats irradiated with laser.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant RO1AI050875

Consumer willingness to pay for dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV, Dengvaxia®) in Brazil : implication for future pricing considerations

Introduction and objective: Dengue virus is a serious global health problem with an estimated 3.97 billion people at risk for infection worldwide. In December 2015, the first vaccine (CYD-TDV) for dengue prevention was approved in Brazil, developed by Sanofi Pasteur. However, given that the vaccine will potentially be paid via the public health system, information is need regarding consumers’ willingness to pay for the dengue vaccine in the country as well as discussions related to the possible inclusion of this vaccine into the public health system. This was the objective of this research. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with residents of Greater Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, about their willingness to pay for the CYD-TDV vaccine. Results: 507 individuals were interviewed. These were mostly female (62.4%) had completed high school (62.17%), were working (74.4%), had private health insurance (64.5%) and did not have dengue (67.4%). The maximum median value of consumers’ willingness to pay for CYD-TDV vaccine is US$33.61 (120.00BRL) for the complete schedule and US$11.20 (40.00BRL) per dose. At the price determined by the Brazil's regulatory chamber of pharmaceutical products market (CMED) for the commercialization of Dengvaxia® for three doses, only 17% of the population expressed willingness to pay for this vaccine. Conclusion: Brazil is currently one of the largest markets for dengue vaccine and the price established is a key issue. We believe the manufacturer should asses the possibility of lower prices to reach a larger audience among the Brazilian population

Effects of 660 nm low-level laser therapy on muscle healing process after cryolesion

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 660 nm low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on muscle regeneration after cryolesion in rat tibialis anterior muscle. Sixty-three Wistar rats were divided into a control group, 10 J/cm(2) laser-treated group, and 50 J/cm2 laser-treated group. Each group formed three subgroups (n = 7 per group), and the animals were sacrificed 7, 14, or 21 d after lesion. Histopathological findings revealed a lower inflammatory process in the laser-treated groups after 7 d. After 14 d, irradiated animals at both fluences showed higher granulation tissue, new muscle fibers, and organized muscle structure. After 21 d, full tissue repair was observed in all groups. Moreover, irradiated animals at both fluences showed smaller necrosis area in the first experimental period evaluated. MyoD immunoexpression was observed in both treated groups 7 d postinjury. Myogenin immunoexpression was detected after 7 and 14 d. the higher fluence increased the number of blood vessels after 14 and 21 d. These results suggest that LLLT, at both fluences, positively affects injured skeletal muscle in rats, accelerating the muscle-regeneration process.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Physiotherapy, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biosci, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Fac Med Sci, Dept Surg, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Biomech Med & Rehabil Locomotor Syst Dept, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biosci, Santos, SP, BrazilCAPES: 20226300Web of Scienc

Costs in the Treatment of Schizophrenia in Adults Receiving Atypical Antipsychotics: An 11-Year Cohort in Brazil

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with significant economic burden. In Brazil, antipsychotics drugs, outpatient and hospital services are provided by the Brazilian National Health System for patients with schizophrenia. However, there are few studies that capture the cost of managing these patients within the Brazilian NHS. This is important to appraise different management approaches within universal healthcare systems. Objective: Describe the costs associated with the treatment of schizophrenia in adults receiving atypical antipsychotics in Brazil from 2000 to 2010 through real world data. Methods: We integrated three national databases for adult patients with schizophrenia receiving one or more atypical antipsychotics. Only direct medical costs were assessed as the perspective is a public payer. A multivariate log-linear regression model was performed to evaluate associations between costs and clinical and demographic variables. Results: 174,310 patients with schizophrenia were identified with mean (± SD) annual costs of USD 1,811.92 ± 284.39 per patient. Atypical antipsychotics accounted for 79.7% of the total cost, with a mean (± SD) annual cost per patient of USD 1,578.74 ± 240.40. Mean (± SD) annual costs per patient of psychiatric hospitalization were USD 2,482.90 ± 302.92 and outpatient psychiatric care was USD 862.96 ± 160.18. Olanzapine was used by 47.7% of patients and represented 62.8% of the total cost of atypical antipsychotics. Patients who used clozapine had the highest mean annual cost per patient regarding outpatient psychiatric care and psychiatric hospitalization. Conclusions: Atypical antipsychotics were responsible for the majority of the schizophrenia treatment cost, and psychiatric hospitalization costs were the highest mean annual cost per patient. As a result, authorities should ensure good quality of use of atypical antipsychotic and encourage outpatient psychiatric care over psychiatric hospitalization where possible

O Comportamento dos demonstrativos este e esse nas entrevistas do Varsul e da Isto É

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2010A partir de entrevistas do banco de dados Varsul e da entrevista da Revista Isto é, analisamos separadamente seus dados considerando respectivamente o vernáculo dos informantes de Florianópolis e a fala mais cuidada utilizada na revista, a fim de analisarmos o uso variável dos demonstrativos este e esse. Tais pronomes apresentam uma distinção fonético-fonológica muito pequena para exercerem distintamente as funções de 1ª e 2ª pessoas segundo a norma-padrão. Nesse sentido, estudos sociolingüísticos já realizados sobre o fenômeno comprovam uma assimilaridade entre as formas. Além disso, Cid et al. (1986), Castilho (1992) e Roncarati (2003) apontam para um maior uso de esse em função anafórica na modalidade oral da língua. O sistema ternário dos demonstrativos, então, encontra-se desestabilizado, sendo possível se apresentar futuramente com apenas uma das formas. Assim, objetivamos analisar qual a freqüência de uso dos demonstrativos de 1ª e 2ª pessoas, com base na dêixis e na anáfora, de acordo com as entrevistas escolhidas. Norteados pela Teoria da Variação e Mudança e sua metodologia, verificaremos os condicionadores internos e externos que atuam nessa possível variação, com o intuito de apurar o comportamento dos demonstrativos nos corpora escolhidos para a nossa pesquisa.From interviews of Varsul database and interview of brazilian magazine Isto é, we analyze their data separately considering respectively the vernacular of the informers from Florianopolis city (Brazil) and speech more carefully used in the Isto é magazine in order to analyze the variable use of brazilian demonstrative pronouns este and esse. These pronouns are a phonetic-phonological distinction too small to exert distinct functions of 1st and 2nd persons according to the standard norm. In this sense, sociolinguistic studies already done on the phenomenon proves the resemblance between shapes. Furthermore, the authors Cid et al. (1986), Castillo (1992) and Roncarati (2003) point to increased use of this modality in anaphoric function of oral language. The ternary system of brazilian demonstrative pronouns, then, is destabilized, it is possible to present the future with only one way. Thus, we aimed to analyze the frequency of use of the demonstrative pronouns of 1st and 2nd persons, based on deixis and anaphora according to interviews chosen. Guided by the Theory of Variation and Change and its methodology, we find internal and external conditioners that work in this variation as possible in order to determine the behavior of the demonstration in the corpora chosen for our research

Silencing CAFFEOYL SHIKIMATE ESTERASE affects lignification and improves saccharification in poplar

Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) was recently shown to play an essential role in lignin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and later in Medicago truncatula. However, the general function of this enzyme was recently questioned by the apparent lack of CSE activity in lignifying tissues of different plant species. Here, we show that down-regulation of CSE in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula x Populus alba) resulted in up to 25% reduced lignin deposition, increased levels of p-hydroxyphenyl units in the lignin polymer, and a relatively higher cellulose content. The transgenic trees were morphologically indistinguishable from the wild type. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based phenolic profiling revealed a reduced abundance of several oligolignols containing guaiacyl and syringyl units and their corresponding hydroxycinnamaldehyde units, in agreement with the reduced flux toward coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol. These trees accumulated the CSE substrate caffeoyl shikimate along with other compounds belonging to the metabolic classes of benzenoids and hydroxycinnamates. Furthermore, the reduced lignin amount combined with the relative increase in cellulose content in the CSE down-regulated lines resulted in up to 62% more glucose released per plant upon limited saccharification when no pretreatment was applied and by up to 86% and 91% when acid and alkaline pretreatments were used. Our results show that CSE is not only important for the lignification process in poplar but is also a promising target for the development of improved lignocellulosic biomass crops for sugar platform biorefineries

Генетический алгоритм балансировки нагрузки в сети

Предложен генетический алгоритм решения задачи балансировки нагрузки на каналы связи в компьютерных и транспортных сетях как многопараметрической задачи оптимизации. Обоснованы особенности представления хромосом и генетических операций кроссовера, мутации и отбора. Сформированы подходы использования описанного алгоритма в существующих сетях с использованием современных протоколов маршрутизации.A genetic algorithm is suggested of solving the problem of a balancing of the load on the communication channels in computer and transport networks as a multi-parametric problem of optimization. The peculiarities of the representation of chromosomes and genetic operations of a crossover. Mutation and a selection are substantiated. The approaches of using the described algorithm in the existing networks are formulated with the use of contemporary protocols of the routing.Запропоновано генетичний алгоритм розв'язання задачі балансування навантаження на канали зв’язку в комп’ютерних та транспортних мережах як багатопараметричної задачі оптимізації. Обґрунтовано особливості представлення хромосом та генетичних операцій кросоверу, мутації та відбору. Сформовано підходи використання описаного алгоритму в існуючих мережах із використанням сучасних протоколів маршрутизації

Ten-year kidney transplant survival of cyclosporine- or tacrolimus-treated patients in Brazil

Background: Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are well established immunosuppressants; however little know about long term survival rates. Aim: Compare 10-year graft survival and associated factors among kidney transplant patients within the Brazilian Public Health system (SUS) prescribed either medicine. Methods: Analyze a national cohort of kidney transplant recipients within SUS. Graft loss defined by death or dialysis for more than three months. Kaplan-Meier method used to estimate cumulative probabilities of survival. Cox proportional hazards model used to evaluate factors associated with progression to graft loss. Results: 13,811 patients were included, 5,887 used cyclosporine and 7,924 tacrolimus. A higher risk of graft loss was associated with tacrolimus, a deceased donor, additional years of age, median period of dialysis greater than 47 months, diagnosis of diabetes as the primary cause of chronic kidney disease and transplantation between 2005 and 2009. Conclusions: Among other factors, tacrolimus-based regimens were associated with worse graft survival